Text box 1. Contributions to the literature |
---|
• Research has demonstrated the importance of meeting the specific needs of the homeless. This study is the first to analyse routine data on consultation reasons and diagnoses of homeless patients in Medical centres for the homeless (MCH) including the patients’ insurance status. |
• The findings of this study address existing gaps in the literature by presenting analyses of consultation reasons (ICPC-2), diagnoses (ICD-10), and socioeconomic information of the homeless presenting in MCH. They provide direct input for policies aiming to improve medical care. |
• The results contribute to the expansion of knowledge related to milieu-specific diseases, show differences and similarities of homeless and regular primary care patients and why homeless people are unlikely to use the regular health care system. |
Background
Methods
Data collection
Data analysis
Results
Numbers, gender and insurance status of homeless patients treated in the MCH 2013–2020
Analysis of the first two years of the Medical centres for the homeless (2013–2014)
Reasons for consultations
Rank | Regular general practice patients | Medical centres for the homeless in 2013 | Medical centres for the homeless in 2014 |
---|---|---|---|
1. | L03 Lower back symptoms | R05 Cough | R05 Cough |
2. | R05 Cough | P15 Chronic alcohol abuse | R21 Throat symptoms/ complaints |
3. | A01: Pain generalised/in several places | P16 Acute alcohol abuse | S02 Itching |
4. | D11 Diarrhea | S02 Itching | S19 Skin injury, other |
5. | L01: Neck symptoms/discomfort | L03 Lower back symptoms/discomfort | A03 Fever |
6. | L02: Back symptoms/discomfort, spine/n.s | S19 Skin injury, other | N01 Headache |
7. | A23: Risk factors NNB | S18 Laceration/cut injury | K85 Increased blood pressure |
8. | P06: Sleep disorder | L17 Foot/toe symptoms/ discomforts | P15 Chronic alcohol abuse |
9. | N17: Dizziness/light headedness | L14 Leg symptoms/complaints | L15 Knee symptoms/complaints |
10. | F05: Visual disorder, other | P19 Drug abuse | S73 Pediculosis |
Diagnoses
Rank | Regular general practice patients | Medical centres for the homeless in 2013 | Medical centres for the homeless in 2014 |
---|---|---|---|
1. | I10 Essential (primary) hypertension | F10 Psych. Behavioural disorder due to alcohol | J06 Acute respiratory infection |
2. | E78 Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias | I10 Essential (primary) hypertension | I10 Essential (primary) hypertension |
3. | M54 Back pain | E11 Diabetes mellitus, type 2 | F10 Psych. Behavioural disorder due to alcohol |
4. | E11 Diabetes mellitus, type 2 | T79 Early trauma complications | J40 Bronchitis, not designated as acute or chronic |
5. | E04 Other non-toxic goiter | M54 Back pain | J20 Acute bronchitis |
6. | I25 Chronic ischaemic heart disease | B35 Dermatophytosis [tinea] | J44 Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
7. | E66 Obesity | T14 Injury n.o.s. of the body region | M54 Back pain |
8. | F32 Depressive episode | B85 Pediculosis/Phthiriasis | E11 Diabetes mellitus, type 2 |
9. | K76 Other diseases of the liver | B86 Scabies | F32 Depressive episode |
10. | K21 Gastroesophageal reflux disease | K29 Gastritis and duodenitis | B35 Dermatophytosis [tinea] |
Reasons for not visiting a GP or the regular health care system on the day of consultation in the MCH
Discussion
Age, gender, country of origin and insurance status
Consultation reasons and diagnoses
Rank | MCH Hamburg, 2013 | MCH Hamburg, 2014 | Bauer (2012) [14] | Kunstmann (2009) [15] | Stößel and Locher (1991) [16] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Injuries, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (14%) | Diseases of the respiratory system (18%) | Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (15%) | Mental and behavioural disorders caused by psychotropic substances (13%) | Injuries, poisoning & other consequences of external causes (44%) |
2. | Mental and behavioural disorders (11%) | Diseases of the circulatory system (14%) | Injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external causes (15%) | Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (11%) | Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (40%) |
3. | Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (10%) | Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (11%) | Diseases of the respiratory system (14%) | Diseases of the cardiovascular system (7%) | Diseases of the digestive system (32%) |
Comparison with international studies
Rank | MCH Hamburg, 2013 | MCH Hamburg, 2014 | Van Laere, et al. Netherlands [20] | Alfranca et al. Spain [21] | Pribish et al. Florida, USA [26] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Psych. behavioural disorders due to alcohol | Acute respiratory infection | Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | Essential (primary) hypertension | Psychiatric diagnoses (including substance abuse) |
2. | Essential (primary) hypertension | Essential (primary) hypertension | Acute respiratory infection | Diabetes mellitus, type 2 | Hypertensiona |
3. | Diabetes mellitus, type 2 | Psych. behavioural disorders due to alcohol | Psych. behavioural disorders due to alcohol | Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Respiratory diseasea |