nach oben

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders

Erschienen in:

17.05.2021 | Research article

Metabolic syndrome and lifestyle-associated factors in the ethnically diverse population of Khuzestan, Iran: a cross-sectional study

verfasst von: Armin Aryannejad, Sareh Eghtesad, Zahra Rahimi, Zahra Mohammadi, Reza Malihi, Leila Danehchin, Yousef Paridar, Farhad Abolnezhadian, Bahman Cheraghian, Ali Mard, Bahareh Gholami, Amir Mohammad Zakeri, Mohammadreza Tabary, Sahar Masoudi, Mohammad Reza Naderian, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Hossein Poustchi

Erschienen in: Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders | Ausgabe 1/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors, mainly central obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, leading to life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of MetS can vary based on different ethnicities and many cultural and lifestyle factors.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MetS and possible correlations with lifestyle-associated factors among different ethnicities in Khuzestan, Iran.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khuzestan province of Iran, among 30,504 participants aged 20–65 years, between October 2016 and November 2019. Data was collected through questionnaires along with anthropometric and biological measurements. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition was used to estimate MetS prevalence.

Results

Overall, 31.9% (95% CI 31.4–32.4) had MetS (34.2% [95% CI 33.3–35.1] among males; 30.7% [95% CI 30.0–31.3] among females [p < 0.001]). Central obesity, elevated fasting blood sugar levels, and dyslipidemia were the most common abnormalities among those with MetS. The risk of MetS was estimated to increase by age, male gender, residing in urban regions, lower educational levels, lower physical activity levels, lower sleep time, and a positive family history of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001). Individuals of the Arab and Bakhtiary ethnicities had the highest and lowest risk of MetS, respectively.

Conclusion

MetS prevalence varied among different ethnicities. Aging and some lifestyle-associated factors such as physical activity and sleep time were related to the risk of MetS. Raising awareness about risk factors of MetS would be of great value in setting new health policies to manage the rising trend of MetS.

Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005;365(9468):1415–28.CrossRef

Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28(4):629–36.CrossRef

Expert Panel on Detection E. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285(19):2486.CrossRef

Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr, Cleeman JI, Smith SC Jr, Lenfant C. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004;109(3):433–8.CrossRef

Wolk R, Somers VK. Sleep and the metabolic syndrome. Exp Physiol. 2007;92(1):67–78.CrossRef

Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Salpea KD, Mikhailidis DP. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in various populations. Am J Med Sci. 2007;333(6):362–71.CrossRef

Gallardo-Alfaro L, Bibiloni MdM, Mascaró CM, Montemayor S, Ruiz-Canela M, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. Leisure-Time physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet quality are associated with metabolic syndrome severity: The PREDIMED-Plus study. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1013.CrossRef

Redline S, Storfer-Isser A, Rosen CL, Johnson NL, Kirchner HL, Emancipator J, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and sleep-disordered breathing in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(4):401–8.CrossRef

Lipińska A, Koczaj-Bremer M, Jankowski K, Kaźmierczak A, Ciurzyński M, Ou-Pokrzewińska A, et al. Does family history of metabolic syndrome affect the metabolic profile phenotype in young healthy individuals? Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6(1):75.CrossRef

10.

Sun K, Liu J, Ning G. Active smoking and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. PloS one. 2012;7(10):e47791.

11.

Park Y-W, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(4):427–36.CrossRef

12.

Hildrum B, Mykletun A, Hole T, Midthjell K, Dahl AA. Age-specific prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program: the Norwegian HUNT 2 study. BMC Public Health. 2007;7(1):220.CrossRef

13.

Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002;287(3):356–9.CrossRef

14.

Azizi F, Salehi P, Etemadi A, Zahedi-Asl S. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an urban population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003;61(1):29–37.CrossRef

15.

Nematy M, Ahmadpour F, Rassouli ZB, Ardabili HM, Azimi-Nezhad M. A review on underlying differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Middle East, Europe and North America. J Mol Genet Med. 2014;2(s1):019.

16.

Poyrazoglu S, Bas F, Darendeliler F. Metabolic syndrome in young people. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2014;21(1):56–63.CrossRef

17.

Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2095–128.CrossRef

18.

Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Vosoughi M, JavadMohammadi M, Sadat Taghavirad S. Cardiovascular deaths related to Carbon monoxide Exposure in Ahvaz, Iran. Iran J Health Saf Environ. 2014;1(3):126–31.

19.

Cheraghian B, Sharafkhah M, Mohammadi Z, Hariri S, Rahimi Z, Danehchin L, et al. The Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS): Methodology and profile of participants. Arch Iran Med. 2020;23(10):653–7. https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.82.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Shahbazian H, Latifi SM, Jalali MT, Shahbazian H, Amani R, Nikhoo A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and its correlated factors in an urban population in South West of Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12(1):11.CrossRef

21.

Mazloomzadeh S, Khazaghi ZR, Mousavinasab N. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2018;47(4):473.PubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Pradhan AD. Sex differences in the metabolic syndrome: implications for cardiovascular health in women. Clin Chem. 2014;60(1):44–52. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.202549.CrossRefPubMed

23.

McCracken E, Monaghan M, Sreenivasan S. Pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome. Clin Dermatol. 2018;36(1):14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.004.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Canale MP, Manca di Villahermosa S, Martino G, Rovella V, Noce A, De Lorenzo A, et al. Obesity-related metabolic syndrome: mechanisms of sympathetic overactivity. Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013:865965. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/865965.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Alberti KGM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1059–62.CrossRef

26.

Park HS, Oh SW, Cho SI, Choi WH, Kim YS. The metabolic syndrome and associated lifestyle factors among South Korean adults. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33(2):328–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh032.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Krishnadath ISK, Toelsie JR, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV. Ethnic disparities in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in the Suriname Health Study: a cross-sectional population study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e013183. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013183.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Iqbal SP, Ramadas A, Fatt QK, Shin HL, Onn WY, Kadir KA. Relationship of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and diet habits with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among three ethnic groups of the Malaysian population. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0224054.CrossRef

29.

Tan AK, Dunn RA, Yen ST. Ethnic disparities in metabolic syndrome in Malaysia: an analysis by risk factors. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2011;9(6):441–51.CrossRef

30.

Scuteri A, Laurent S, Cucca F, Cockcroft J, Cunha PG, Mañas LR, et al. Metabolic syndrome across Europe: Different clusters of risk factors. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2014;22(4):486–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487314525529.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Lee H-S, Kim Y, Park T. new common and rare variants influencing metabolic syndrome and its individual components in a Korean population. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):5701. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23074-2.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Lucove JC, Kaufman JS, James SA. Association between adult and childhood socioeconomic status and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in African Americans: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(2):234–6.CrossRef

33.

Erem C, Hacıhasanoglu A, Deger O, Topbaş M, Hosver I, Ersoz HO, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors among Turkish adults: Trabzon MetS study. Endocrine. 2008;33(1):9–20.CrossRef

34.

Tamashiro KL. Metabolic syndrome: links to social stress and socioeconomic status. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1231(1):46–55.CrossRef

35.

Perel P, Langenberg C, Ferrie J, Moser K, Brunner E, Marmot M. Household wealth and the metabolic syndrome in the Whitehall II study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(12):2694–700.CrossRef

36.

Jain J, Rao T, Desmukh P, Banait S. Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome in young population: a cross sectional study. J Diabetes Metab. 2015;6(503):2.

37.

Pan Y, Pratt CA. Metabolic syndrome and its association with diet and physical activity in US adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(2):276–86.CrossRef

38.

Lakka TA, Laaksonen DE, Lakka H-M, Männikkö N, Niskanen LK, Rauramaa R, et al. Sedentary lifestyle, poor cardiorespiratory fitness, and the metabolic syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1279–86.CrossRef

39.

Hahn V, Halle M, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Rathmann W, Meisinger C, Mielck A. Physical activity and the metabolic syndrome in elderly German men and women: results from the population-based KORA survey. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(3):511–3. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1285.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Stewart KJ. Exercise training and the cardiovascular consequences of type 2 diabetes and hypertension: plausible mechanisms for improving cardiovascular health. JAMA. 2002;288(13):1622–31.CrossRef

41.

Pratley RE, Hagberg JM, Dengel DR, Rogus EM, Muller DC, Goldberg AP. Aerobic exercise training-induced reductions in abdominal fat and glucose-stimulated insulin responses in middle-aged and older men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48(9):1055–61.CrossRef

42.

Pescatello LS, Murphy D, Costanzo D. Low-intensity physical activity benefits blood lipids and lipoproteins in older adults living at home. Age Ageing. 2000;29(5):433–9.CrossRef

43.

Heim DL, Holcomb CA, Loughin TM. Exercise mitigates the association of abdominal obesity with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in premenopausal women: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100(11):1347–53.CrossRef

44.

Broekhuizen LN, Boekholdt SM, Arsenault BJ, Despres JP, Stroes ES, Kastelein JJ, et al. Physical activity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary risk: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prevent Rehabil. 2011;18(2):209–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741826710389397.CrossRef

45.

Deng H-B, Tam T, Zee BC-Y, Chung RY-N, Su X, Jin L et al. Short sleep duration increases metabolic impact in healthy adults: a population-based cohort study. Sleep. 2017;40(10). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsx130.

46.

Poggiogalle E, Jamshed H, Peterson CM. Circadian regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans. Metabolism. 2018;84:11–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.017.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Shan Z, Ma H, Xie M, Yan P, Guo Y, Bao W, et al. Sleep duration and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(3):529–37. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2073.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Metabolic syndrome and lifestyle-associated factors in the ethnically diverse population of Khuzestan, Iran: a cross-sectional study
verfasst von: Armin Aryannejad
Sareh Eghtesad
Zahra Rahimi
Zahra Mohammadi
Reza Malihi
Leila Danehchin
Yousef Paridar
Farhad Abolnezhadian
Bahman Cheraghian
Ali Mard
Bahareh Gholami
Amir Mohammad Zakeri
Mohammadreza Tabary
Sahar Masoudi
Mohammad Reza Naderian
Ali Akbar Shayesteh
Hossein Poustchi
Publikationsdatum: 17.05.2021
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders / Ausgabe 1/2021
Elektronische ISSN: 2251-6581
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00811-5

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

25.04.2024 Allergien und Intoleranzreaktionen Nachrichten

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose

Aims

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2021

Diabetes prevalence and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression

Benfotiamine reduced collagen IV contents of sciatic nerve in hyperglycemic rats

Association of TNF-α-308 G>A (rs1800629) polymorphism with susceptibility of metabolic syndrome

New‐onset type 1 diabetes complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis and severe sepsis requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and kidney replacement therapy

Proportion and mortality of Iranian diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and cardiovascular disease patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis