Metabolic Syndrome Negatively Impacts the Outcome of Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on outcome of patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A retrospective database was compiled consisting of 646 patients who underwent surgery for localized RCC between 2005 and 2014. A total of 439 patients were eligible for final analysis. For diagnosis of MetS, the WHO criteria of 1998 were used. Median follow-up was 32 months (ranging from 2 to 119). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analyses were performed to compare patients with and without MetS or its components. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). In our cohort, 9.8% (n = 43) of patients were diagnosed with MetS. There were no differences between patients with and without MetS regarding clinicopathological parameters with the exception of patients’ age (p = 0.002). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analyses revealed a shorter PFS for patients with MetS (p = 0.018), whereas no differences were found for each of the single components of MetS, namely, diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.332), BMI >30 kg/m² (p = 0.753), hypertension (p = 0.451), and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.891). Logistic regression identified age (HR = 1.92, p = 0.03), tumor stage (HR = 4.37, p < 0.001), grading (HR = 4.57, p < 0.001), nodal status (HR = 3.73, p = 0.04), surgical margin (HR = 1.96, p = 0.04), concomitant sarcomatoid differentiation (HR = 5.06, p < 0.001), and MetS (HR = 1.98, p = 0.04) as independent factors for PFS. For CSS, only age (HR = 2.62, p = 0.035), tumor stage (HR = 3.06, p < 0.02), and grading (HR = 6.83, p < 0.001) were significant. In conclusion, patients with localized RCC and MetS show significantly reduced PFS and might profit from specific consultation and follow-up.