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01.10.2013 | Research Article

Modulation of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators by Euphorbia hirta in animal model of adjuvant-induced arthritis

verfasst von: Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad, Phalisteen Sultan, Abdelkader E. Ashour, Tajdar Husain Khan, Sabry M. Attia, Saleh A. Bakheet, Adel R. A. Abd-Allah

Erschienen in: Inflammopharmacology | Ausgabe 5/2013

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Abstract

Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) (E. hirta) is a tree locally used as a traditional medicine in Africa and Australia to treat numerous diseases such as hypertension, respiratory ailments, tumors, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the anti-arthritic activity of fresh leaves of E. hirta ethanol extract that was found to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in rats (Wistar) by the subplantar injection of 0.05 ml freshly prepared suspension (5.0 mg/ml) of steam killed Mycobacterium tuberculli in liquid paraffin. Animals were treated with graded doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of E. hirta ethanol extract, p.o. E. hirta significantly inhibited the swelling of the adjuvant-induced arthritis. Moreover, E. hirta at higher dose (200 mg/kg) showed 40.54 ± 1.09 % of CD3+, 15.1 ± 0.76 % of CD4+, 12.2 ± 1.18 % of CD8+ T cell receptor and 17.6 ± 1.11 % gated of CD19+ B cell receptor revealing a down regulation of adjuvant-induced arthritis as compared to the corresponding valves of the arthritic control rats. According to the results shown in Tables 1, 2, the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ were increased in splenocytes of arthritic rats and this increased level was reduced by E. hirta. Also, E. hirta significantly down regulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that E. hirta exhibits an improvement in adjuvant-induced arthritis through down regulation of activated macrophages and T lymphocytes functions. Such unique effects of E. hirta shown on adjuvant arthritis rat model may be advantageous to the long-term treatment of clinical rheumatoid arthritis.

Table 1

Effect of E. hirta and prednisolone (Pred) on LPS-induced IL-1β and TNF-α productions from splenocytes in Mycobacterium tuberculli-induced inflammatory arthritic rats

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	IL-1β (pg/ml)	TNF-α (pg/ml)
Arthritic control (AC)	–	323.56 ± 31.65	180.91 ± 24.12
E. hirta	25	311.19 ± 29.08*	171.43 ± 22.54*
E. hirta	50	287.12 ± 26.98*	164.54 ± 21.76**
E. hirta	100	243.12 ± 19.21***	157.30 ± 18.54***
E. hirta	200	215.21 ± 16.05***	138.43 ± 17.98***
Prednisolone (Pred)	5	187.18 ± 15.21***	123.77 ± 15.12***
Normal control (NC)	–	54.12 ± 12.54	71.94 ± 12.12

Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of six animals

AC arthritic control, NC normal control; E. hirta (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) were given p.o. from day 0 to day 21 after Mycobacterium tuberculli injection, respectively

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, compared to arthritic control

Table 2

Effect of E. hirta and Prednisolone (Pred) on Con A-induced IL-2 and IFN-γ productions from splenocytes in Mycobacterium tuberculli-induced inflammatory arthritic rats

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	IL-2 (pg/ml)	IFN-γ (pg/ml)
Arthritic control (AC)	–	235.98 ± 15.23	165.95 ± 13.87
E. hirta	25	225.12 ± 14.76**	154.76 ± 11.07**
E. hirta	50	207.76 ± 13.87**	134.76 ± 11.01**
E. hirta	100	189.98 ± 12.65 ***	110.64 ± 10.98***
E. hirta	200	157.84 ± 14.32 ***	98.54 ± 10.76***
Prednisolone (Pred)	5	131.08 ± 13.31***	87.65 ± 10.61***
Normal control (NC)	–	78.12 ± 12.04	31.87 ± 10.12

Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of six animals

AC arthritic control, NC normal control; E. hirta (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) were given p.o. from day 0 to day 21 after Mycobacterium tuberculli injection, respectively

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, compared to arthritic control

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Titel: Modulation of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators by Euphorbia hirta in animal model of adjuvant-induced arthritis
verfasst von: Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad
Phalisteen Sultan
Abdelkader E. Ashour
Tajdar Husain Khan
Sabry M. Attia
Saleh A. Bakheet
Adel R. A. Abd-Allah
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2013
Verlag: Springer Basel
Erschienen in: Inflammopharmacology / Ausgabe 5/2013
Print ISSN: 0925-4692
Elektronische ISSN: 1568-5608
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-012-0161-5

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Modulation of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators by Euphorbia hirta in animal model of adjuvant-induced arthritis

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