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29.07.2019 | Original Communication

Motor and non-motor symptoms in blepharospasm: clinical and pathophysiological implications

verfasst von: Gina Ferrazzano, Isabella Berardelli, Antonella Conte, Viola Baione, Cristina Concolato, Daniele Belvisi, Giovanni Fabbrini, Giovanni Defazio, Alfredo Berardelli

Erschienen in: Journal of Neurology | Ausgabe 11/2019

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Abstract

Introduction

Patients with blepharospasm in addition to involuntary contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle also have non-motor symptoms (psychiatric, sleep, cognitive, and ocular). In this paper, we investigated the relationship of non-motor with motor symptoms and the total burden of non-motor symptoms in patients with blepharospasm. Results were compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Methods

We enrolled 60 patients with blepharospasm and 40 age-matched healthy controls. In all patients, the severity of blepharospasm was assessed clinically with the Blepharospasm Severity Rating Scale. All the participants underwent a psychiatric, sleep, cognitive, and ocular symptom evaluation. We investigated the correlations between motor, non-motor symptoms, and patients’ clinical and demographic features.

Results

The frequency of psychiatric, sleep, and cognitive disorders and ocular symptoms was higher in blepharospasm patients than in healthy controls. Non-motor symptoms coexisted in the majority of patients and there was no correlation between non-motor and motor symptoms. The total burden of non-motor symptoms did not associate with motor symptoms and demographic features in blepharospasm.

Conclusions

Non-motor symptoms are independent of motor features and likely belong to the clinical spectrum of blepharospasm. The presence of non-motor symptoms possibly reflects a complex network disorder of blepharospasm.

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Titel: Motor and non-motor symptoms in blepharospasm: clinical and pathophysiological implications
verfasst von: Gina Ferrazzano
Isabella Berardelli
Antonella Conte
Viola Baione
Cristina Concolato
Daniele Belvisi
Giovanni Fabbrini
Giovanni Defazio
Alfredo Berardelli
Publikationsdatum: 29.07.2019
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Journal of Neurology / Ausgabe 11/2019
Print ISSN: 0340-5354
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1459
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09484-w

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Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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