Background
Methods/design
Ethics
Participants
Procedure
Measures
Clinical and demographic data
Cognition
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The Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung (TAP, [61]) is a computer-based assessment battery for attention. We will use the subtest “Alertness” to measure reaction time to a visual stimulus and the capability to inhibit reactions to a pre-stimulus.
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The Five-Point Test (FPT, [64]) is a standardized paper-pencil test for figural fluency and strategic thinking. The test consists of five-dot boxes in six rows on each sheet where participants produce as many different figures as possible by connecting the dots in each box within a defined time period. The FPT is a valid test that has excellent inter-rater (ICC = 0.99) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.72–0.84, [64]).
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The Regensburger Wortflüssigkeitstest (RWT, [65]) assesses verbal fluency and flexibility. Subjects have to name as many words as possible within two minutes that (i) belong to a certain category, (ii) have a defined starting letter, (iii) belong to two different categories (alternating naming) and (iv) have two defined starting letters (again alternating naming). Inter-rater reliability of the test is excellent (ICC = 0.99) and test-retest reliability good (rtt = 0.72 – rtt = 0.89, [65]).
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The Nürnberger-Alters-Inventar (NAI, [66]), normed for people aged between 57 and 96 [66], provides information about cognitive and behavioural aspects. We will use the subtest Farb-Wort-Interferenz-Test (FWIT), based on the widely used Stroop-Test, to assess attention and cognitive flexibility during provision of conflicting stimuli.
Axial motor function
Test | Task |
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Short Physical Performance Battery | Tandem, semi-tandem, side-by-side stand Two 4-m-walks with comfortable speed 5-Chair rise test, as fast as possible |
Timed-up-and-Go test Straight walk Circular walk | Rise from a chair, 3-m-walk, turning, walk back Standing position, 3-m-walk, no turning Standing position, 20-m-walk under single and dual task conditions Walk around a 1.20 m circle under single and dual task conditions |