Introduction
Methods
Data
All-cause under-5 mortality and age-specific mortality
Under-5 causes of death
YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs
Socio-demographic Index
Decomposing change in under-5 mortality rate by causes of death
Uncertainty analysis
Results
Mortality
Country | Deaths per 1000 livebirths | Total under-5 deaths (thousands) | Annualized rate of decline for under-5 mortality | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neonatal (0–27 days) | Post-neonatal (28 days–12 months) | Child (12–59 months) | Under-5 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2015 | 1990–2015 | ||
Global | 12.2 (11.0–13.6) | 12.2 (10.9–13.6) | 11.2 (9.8–12.8) | 41.4 (37.9–45.5) | 5820.9 (5673.3–5965.1) | 2.0 (1.7–2.4) | 3.6 (3.0–4.2) | 3.0 (2.6–3.3) |
EMR | 22.5 (21.1–24.0) | 12.4 (11.4–13.4) | 9.3 (8.1–10.5) | 44.2 (41.6–46.9) | 755.8 (712.1–801.6) | – | – | – |
Afghanistan | 28.6 (24.7–33.0) | 30.5 (24.0–38.2) | 25.9 (17.3–36.3) | 82.6 (69.5–98.0) | 89.3 (75.5–105.6) | 5.1 (4.1–6.2) | 4.3 (3.2–5.6) | 2.7 (1.9–3.5) |
Bahrain | 3.8 (3.2–4.5) | 2.0 (1.6–2.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 6.6 (5.6–7.8) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 1.0 (0.2–1.8) | 3.0 (2.0–3.9) | 4.7 (4.0–5.3) |
Djibouti | 23.4 (20.3–27.0) | 23.2 (18.1–29.1) | 20.4 (14.0–28.7) | 65.5 (55.4–78.7) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 6.4 (5.5–7.4) | 4.7 (2.8–6.6) | 2.2 (1.4–2.9) |
Egypt | 12.1 (8.9–15.4) | 6.0 (4.3–8.6) | 3.6 (2.6–5.1) | 21.5 (16.3–28.3) | 53.3 (40.1–70.1) | 6.5 (4.2–8.9) | 6.5 (4.1–8.9) | 5.4 (4.2–6.5) |
Iran | 8.1 (5.6–11.4) | 4.0 (2.9–5.3) | 2.7 (1.7–3.9) | 14.7 (10.8–19.5) | 19.9 (14.7–26.5) | 2.4 (1.7–3.0) | 2.9 (1.7–4.1) | 6.5 (5.2–7.9) |
Iraq | 15.5 (13.4–18.0) | 7.1 (5.6–9.1) | 5.0 (3.3–7.2) | 27.3 (23.2–32.6) | 33.5 (28.9–39.2) | 2.9 (2.4–3.5) | 3.3 (2.3–4.2) | 2.7 (2.0–3.4) |
Jordan | 7.7 (6.4–9.2) | 3.5 (2.9–4.2) | 3.6 (2.6–4.6) | 14.8 (12.9–17.2) | 2.9 (2.6–3.4) | 2.5 (1.2–3.8) | 2.9 (1.3–4.5) | 3.1 (2.6–3.7) |
Kuwait | 4.4 (3.4–5.4) | 2.4 (1.8–3.2) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 8.2 (6.5–10.2) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 4.8 (2.3–7.5) | 6.6 (4.0–9.0) | 2.7 (1.7–3.8) |
Lebanon | 4.4 (3.2–6.0) | 2.2 (1.6–3.2) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 8.1 (5.9–11.3) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 3.9 (2.5–5.4) | 3.2 (1.6–4.7) | 5.9 (4.5–7.3) |
Libya | 8.1 (5.7–11.1) | 4.7 (3.5–6.3) | 4.8 (3.23–6.9) | 17.5 (13.2–22.6) | 2.3 (1.8–3.0) | 4.7 (3.8–5.5) | 4.5 (3.2–5.8) | 3.5 (2.3–4.6) |
Morocco | 12.7 (10.0–15.5) | 5.8 (4.3–7.8) | 4.1 (3.0–5.6) | 22.4 (18.0–27.9) | 15.7 (12.6–19.5) | 10.2 (8.6–11.0) | 3.3 (2.0–4.6) | 4.6 (3.7–5.5) |
Oman | 4.7 (4.1–5.3) | 2.6 (2.1–3.2) | 2.1 (1.6–2.8) | 9.4 (8.1–10.8) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | 2.4 (1.8–3.1) | 6.0 (5.2–6.9) |
Pakistan | 37.9 (34.8–41.3) | 15.9 (13.6–18.5) | 10.4 (7.3–13.8) | 63.0 (57.4–69.4) | 341.7 (311.3–376.0) | 4.2 (2.7–5.8) | 2.7 (1.0–4.5) | 2.3 (1.9–2.7) |
Palestine | 9.9 (7.3–12.7) | 4.6 (3.7–6.0) | 2.9 (2.0–4.0) | 17.3 (13.5–21.8) | 2.6 (2.0–3.3) | 3.0 (1.2–7.0) | 4.2 (1.1–7.1) | 3.3 (2.3–4.4) |
Qatar | 4.7 (3.2–6.6) | 2.4 (1.6–3.5) | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 8.6 (6.0–12.1) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 6.7 (5.0–8.3) | 4.9 (3.1–6.6) | 3.7 (2.0–5.7) |
Saudi Arabia | 6.1 (4.4–9.2) | 3.2 (2.2–4.4) | 2.2 (1.4–3.2) | 11.5 (8.3–16.3) | 7.1 (6.3–8.1) | 1.7 (1.0–2.3) | 2.3 (1.4–3.2) | 5.6 (4.2–6.9) |
Somalia | 31.3 (27.2–35.9) | 40.8 (32.8–49.6) | 44.6 (32.4–58.8) | 112.2 (97.5–130.4) | 51.7 (44.7–60.3) | 3.2 (2.0–4.3) | 3.7 (1.8–5.5) | 2.1 (1.4–2.7) |
Sudan | 24.1 (19.9–29.4) | 17.2 (12.4–23.4) | 15.8 (10.4–23.8) | 56.0 (43.3–73.7) | 73.2 (56.7–96.3) | 7.0 (6.1–7.9) | 0.4 (2.4–1.8) | 3.5 (2.4–4.6) |
Syria | 7.1 (6.0–8.5) | 5.8 (4.3–7.5) | 9.7 (4.9–15.5) | 22.4 (16.2–29.3) | 10.1 (7.3–12.9) | 6.0 (5.2–7.0) | 4.5 (3.3–5.7) | 2.6 (1.4–3.9) |
Tunisia | 7.4 (5.9–9.2) | 3.5 (2.9–4.2) | 3.0 (2.1–3.9) | 13.8 (11.5–16.5) | 2.8 (2.3–3.3) | 6.8 (0.1–13.0) | 5.4 (0.5–9.9) | 5.1 (4.3–5.8) |
United Arab Emirates | 2.9 (1.5–5.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.5) | 1.1 (0.6–1.7) | 5.5 (3.2–9.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 5.1 (4.1–6.2) | 4.3 (3.2–5.6) | 6.0 (2.9–8.7) |
Yemen | 20.9 (19.1–23.2) | 18.0 (14.9–21.9) | 15.7 (10.3–22.6) | 53.6 (45.9–63.2) | 45.5 (40.2–51.3) | 1.0 (0.2–1.8) | 3.0 (2.0–3.9) | 2.7 (1.9–3.5) |
Country | Neonatal preterm birth | Neonatal encephalopathy | Lower respiratory infection | Congenital defects | Diarrheal diseases | Other neonatal | Neonatal sepsis | Meningitis | War and legal intervention | Road injuries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Global | 120.0 (109.6–133.8) | 110.3 (99.4–123.5) | 104.82 (97.0–113.6) | 74.0 (66.2–82.6) | 74.3 (66.6–83.0) | 32.8 (25.0–41.2) | 52.37 (37.11–68.37) | 25.8 (20.4–34.1) | 3.5 (2.2–4.8) | 7.4 (6.4–8.5) |
Eastern Mediterranean Region | 163.6 (136.0–195.6) | 154.4 (121.7–187.9) | 122.7 (106.9–140.8) | 102.7 (86.4–128.2) | 81.8 (66.8–99.0) | 43.5 (27.2–64.5) | 36.4 (19.1–57.9) | 31.9 (22.4–46.9) | 26.1 (16.4–36.4) | 11.8 (8.9–15.8) |
Afghanistan | 209.6 (137.9–301.0) | 103.4 (59.1–161.9) | 380.0 (254.4–518.7) | 198.5 (100.2–433.4) | 122.0 (71.7–188.5) | 93.1 (31.2–180.2) | 45.9 (17.6–91.3) | 104.6 (53.4–191.1) | 72.6 (25.6–119.9) | 23.4 (9.4–49.1) |
Bahrain | 25.5 (19.7–32.3) | 6.2 (4.4–8.3) | 8.6 (6.0–11.2) | 54.2 (41.2–71.2) | 3.0 (1.9–4.1) | 6.2 (4.3–8.5) | 5.4 (3.0–7.9) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | – | 2.5 (1.5–3.8) |
Djibouti | 130.2 (79.1–189.4) | 98.8 (50.1–162.1) | 215.8 (134.6–301.9) | 134.0 (85.9–187.4) | 122.9 (59.1–193.1) | 60.6 (23.0–117.5) | 90.0 (44.8–165.5) | 47.0 (20.7–89.8) | – | 9.8 (3.0–23.5) |
Egypt | 72.4 (51.2–96.8) | 6.8 (4.0–11.4) | 83.0 (59.7–113.5) | 130.3 (91.0–177.3) | 34.2 (23.0–52.1) | 22.0 (13.8–32.4) | 12.5 (5.4–20.4) | 2.4 (1.7–3.6) | 1.7 (0.6–2.8) | 6.3 (4.2–9.2) |
Iran | 73.1 (45.0–109.6) | 13.5 (6.7–24.1) | 17.1 (11.1–25.6) | 87.1 (56.0–125.2) | 3.5 (1.9–6.1) | 29.9 (15.1–51.7) | 6.1 (2.3–12.3) | 2.4 (1.2–4.2) | – | 14.8 (7.9–24.1) |
Iraq | 127.7 (85.9–168.5) | 27.9 (14.8–46.5) | 47.1 (32.7–63.7) | 121.5 (78.8–209.8) | 21.7 (12.7–33.4) | 23.4 (9.6–46.6) | 81.6 (32.2–137.8) | 11.4 (5.2–22.0) | 39.2 (13.8–64.7) | 9.0 (3.7–20.0) |
Jordan | 65.9 (48.6–85.8) | 19.8 (12.2–29.8) | 28.2 (21.8–36.4) | 95.3 (78.4–115.6) | 2.5 (1.6–3.9) | 9.0 (4.6–16.5) | 23.9 (12.9–41.4) | 2.9 (1.6–5.0) | – | 13.8 (7.8–20.8) |
Kuwait | 42.4 (32.0–54.4) | 4.7 (3.4–6.4) | 10.1 (7.6–13.7) | 76.8 (59.1–99.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 2.6 (1.8–3.6) | 2.4 (1.4–4.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 0.3 (0.1–.6) | 4.6 (3.2–6.4) |
Lebanon | 40.3 (25.0–59.4) | 11.4 (5.6–19.8) | 6.8 (3.9–11.1) | 74.4 (45.8–108.9) | 1.8 (0.8–3.5) | 8.4 (3.1–17.6) | 8.9 (3.7–17.2) | 1.4 (0.5–3.4) | 1.1 (0.4–1.8) | 2.4 (0.9–5.8) |
Libya | 77.7 (50.7–113.7) | 15.0 (7.6–25.8) | 15.1 (10.0–22.0) | 95.9 (70.7–128.3) | 4.9 (2.5–8.2) | 12.6 (4.9–25.6) | 10.7 (4.4–21.5) | 2.8 (1.2–4.9) | 25.5 (9.0–42.0) | 9.5 (4.6–17.1) |
Morocco | 124.8 (83.2–169.8) | 50.3 (31.2–75.7) | 29.0 (19.8–41.5) | 75.9 (45.5–141.8) | 8.6 (5.2–13.6) | 10.7 (4.8–20.4) | 46.7 (26.0–75.9) | 7.9 (4.5–13.5) | – | 12.5 (6.8–20.8) |
Oman | 36.0 (25.4–47.4) | 10.1 (5.9–15.6) | 9.6 (6.9–13.1) | 57.1 (44.0–74.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 26.5 (15.5–38.8) | 2.4 (0.5–6.1) | 1.4 (0.8–2.8) | – | 14.2 (8.4–21.7) |
Pakistan | 221.7 (140.1–309.8) | 423.6 (318.5–528.3) | 157.7 (118.9–200.8) | 56.3 (39.5–72.9) | 135.3 (92.6–185.8) | 68.4 (27.9–126.4) | 50.6 (20.8–107.9) | 60.4 (35.5–102.5) | 1.4 (0.7–2.1) | 6.5 (2.4–14.9) |
Palestine | 126.2 (91.3–165.7) | 28.5 (18.1–43.4) | 14.2 (9.6–20.4) | 84.8 (56.8–140.0) | 2.3 (1.5–3.5) | 14.3 (7.2–25.9) | 31.6 (5.1–56.7) | 2.4 (1.3–3.8) | – | 9.4 (4.8–15.6) |
Qatar | 53.3 (35.1–79.9) | 8.5 (4.5–14.8) | 3.9 (2.3–6.3) | 73.5 (47.7–107.0) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 10.0 (4.9–17.4) | 1.2 (0.5–2.4) | 1.6 (0.8–2.9) | – | 7.9 (3.9–13.5) |
Saudi Arabia | 58.1 (40.4–71.7) | 12.8 (8.8–16.5) | 4.3 (3.5–5.3) | 84.9 (70.1–109.4) | 3.4 (2.6–4.3) | 8.6 (5.0–12.2) | 27.6 (20.7–40.7) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 5.9 (4.4–8.1) |
Somalia | 158.0 (95.8–235.9) | 106.5 (54.0–176.6) | 546.8 (404.5–716.4) | 114.2 (81.9–155.5) | 449.6 (296.7–630.6) | 78.0 (26.1–165.6) | 91.2 (40.6–168.5) | 82.1 (43.2–144.7) | 21.2 (.0–54.4) | 11.6 (4.7–26.3) |
Sudan | 330.1 (249.5–419.0) | 45.9 (23.7–79.9) | 142.2 (89.8–218.9) | 178.0 (104.6–323.2) | 124.8 (70.0–205.2) | 42.2 (17.1–87.2) | 24.6 (10.8–52.9) | 24.8 (10.3–45.6) | 2.0 (0.0–5.5) | 35.8 (12.1–73.7) |
Syria | 30.9 (20.1–44.1) | 27.5 (14.5–45.0) | 32.5 (22.8–42.4) | 73.6 (52.6–89.8) | 2.2 (1.3–3.5) | 15.4 (5.6–28.7) | 12.9 (6.3–23.8) | 6.2 (3.2–10.7) | 180.0 (63.6–297.1) | 5.0 (2.3–9.2) |
Tunisia | 76.9 (55.3–105.1) | 25.9 (16.1–38.7) | 11.3 (8.1–15.2) | 70.4 (52.9–97.8) | 3.8 (2.3–5.7) | 11.9 (5.8–21.5) | 25.5 (14.4–40.9) | 4.0 (2.3–6.8) | 0.7 (0.2–1.2) | 6.7 (3.6–11.5) |
United Arab Emirates | 21.0 (10.5–38.6) | 6.8 (2.6–14.2) | 2.1 (1.1–3.9) | 42.1 (22.1–72.5) | 0.5 (0.2–1.0) | 6.1 (2.2–13.7) | 7.2 (2.8–14.9) | 1.4 (0.6–3.0) | – | 4.5 (1.9–8.9) |
Yemen | 281.4 (204.2–352.9) | 38.4 (19.2–66.3) | 100.2 (69.1–138.9) | 152.0 (94.5–249.3) | 74.3 (37.8–120.0) | 38.4 (13.1–83.8) | 18.2 (7.1–37.7) | 12.1 (4.5–22.4) | 239.5 (148.0–331.0) | 20.4 (8.5–39.1) |
Observed mortality versus expected mortality based on SDI alone
YLLs
Country | SDI (2015) | Under-5 YLL rate per 100,000 | Under-5 YLD rate per 100,000 | Under-5 daly rate per 100,000 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2015 | % change | 1990 | 2015 | % change | 1990 | 2015 | % change | ||
Global | 0.64 | 162,811 (161,334–164,422) | 74,441 (72,554–76,285) | −54 | 5512 (3868–7521) | 4962 (3499.8–6746) | −10 | 168,324 (166,143–170,828) | 79,403 (76,806–81,838) | −53 |
Eastern Mediterranean Region | 0.55 | 177,537 (173,812–181,463) | 80,985 (76,308–85,876) | −54 | 5388 (3866–7271) | 5357 (3750–7290) | −1 | 182,925 (178,760–186,979) | 86,342 (81,261–91,567) | −53 |
Afghanistan | 0.29 | 326,350 (303,452–351,586) | 152,191 (128,892–180,117) | −53 | 6598 (4553–9151) | 5530 (3849–7565) | −16 | 332,948 (310,338–358,029) | 157,721 (134,351–185,824) | −53 |
Bahrain | 0.78 | 37,616 (35,223–40,144) | 11,413 (9697–13,368) | −70 | 4006 (2826–5397) | 3374 (2378–4606) | −16 | 41,622 (38,741–44,523) | 14,787 (12,824–17,208) | −64 |
Djibouti | 0.46 | 226,135 (210,850–241,280) | 118,367 (99,999–142,052) | −48 | 6492 (4552–8834) | 6743 (4588–9207) | 4 | 232,627 (217,252–247,793) | 125,110 (106,641–148,413) | −46 |
Egypt | 0.62 | 151,318 (142,553–159,885) | 39,029 (29,380–51,379) | −74 | 4960 (3516–6837) | 4496 (3053–6390) | −9 | 156,278 (147,486–164,909) | 43,525 (34,043–56,032) | −72 |
Iran | 0.72 | 132,265 (116,751–150,030) | 25,276 (18,585–33,780) | −81 | 5616 (4016–7677) | 3864 (2709–5313) | −31 | 137,881 (122,316–155,406) | 29,140 (22,262–37,880) | −79 |
Iraq | 0.58 | 101,180 (96,461–105,998) | 50,346 (43,459–59,054) | −50 | 4818 (3435–6478) | 4596 (3167–6566) | −5 | 105,997 (100,973–110,991) | 54,941 (47,877–63,758) | −48 |
Jordan | 0.7 | 60,426 (58,011–62,916) | 26,220 (22,899–30,491) | −57 | 3923 (2755–5337) | 3466 (2427–4732) | −12 | 64,349 (61,841–67,152) | 29,686 (26,108–33,991) | −54 |
Kuwait | 0.86 | 25,451 (22,873–28,223) | 14,665 (11,594–18,408) | −42 | 3924 (2724–5617) | 3010 (2103–4102) | −23 | 29,374 (26,334–32,511) | 17,675 (14,368–21,513) | −40 |
Lebanon | 0.75 | 61,129 (52,841–70,642) | 15,562 (11,368–21,614) | −75 | 6804 (4457–10,960) | 3878 (2676–5307) | −43 | 67,933 (59,255–77,662) | 19,440 (15,114–25,648) | −71 |
Libya | 0.64 | 72,412 (65,190–79,811) | 29,599 (22,636–38,322) | −59 | 3940 (2767–5607) | 4229 (2828–6079) | 7 | 76,352 (69,519–83,925) | 33,828 (26,576–42,261) | −56 |
Morocco | 0.5 | 126,475 (121,222–131,669) | 39,544 (31,692–49,221) | −69 | 4975 (3456–6725) | 4207 (2936–5730) | −15 | 131,450 (126,095–137,032) | 43,751 (35,664–53,401) | −67 |
Oman | 0.73 | 75,607 (63,659–90,351) | 17,135 (14,831–19,666) | −77 | 5879 (4039–8106) | 4868 (3326–6827) | −17 | 81,486 (69,237–96,665) | 22,002 (19,103–24,919) | −73 |
Pakistan | 0.47 | 217,582 (211,203–224,200) | 118,554 (107,976–130,484) | −46 | 5597 (3914–7706) | 5849 (3977–8048) | 4 | 223,179 (216,642–229,864) | 124,403 (113,390–136,107) | −44 |
Palestine | 0.57 | 75,846 (68,219–83,975) | 31,431 (24,502–39,774) | −59 | 3586 (2544–4831) | 3266 (2255–4538) | −9 | 79,433 (71,341–87,766) | 34,697 (27,702–43,034) | −56 |
Qatar | 0.8 | 38,386 (28,814–50,253) | 16,144 (11,147–22,773) | −58 | 3989 (2782–5439) | 3441 (2440–4733) | −14 | 42,376 (32,600–54,473) | 19,585 (14,459–26,356) | −54 |
Saudi Arabia | 0.76 | 85,559 (77,918–93,903) | 20,090 (17,725–22,742) | −77 | 3258 (2324–4357) | 2864 (2028–3813) | −12 | 88,817 (81,094–97,189) | 22,953 (20,425–25,781) | −74 |
Somalia | 0.15 | 380,035 (359,276–402,133) | 217,737 (188,533–253,963) | −43 | 6804 (4570–9591) | 6786 (4565–9724) | 0 | 386,839 (366,551–408,916) | 224,523 (195,558–260,559) | −42 |
Sudan | 0.43 | 270,463 (252,550–290,131) | 102,900 (79,559–135,299) | −62 | 7221 (4932–9990) | 6213 (4235–8569) | −14 | 277,684 (259,409–297,220) | 109,112 (85,741–141,261) | −61 |
Syria | 0.58 | 76,228 (69,751–83,006) | 37,424 (27,052–47,636) | −51 | 4229 (2959–5715) | 8398 (4695–14,357) | 99 | 80,457 (73,755–87,715) | 45,823 (35,144–57,195) | −43 |
Tunisia | 0.65 | 86,176 (81,431–91,325) | 24,401 (20,379–29,206) | −72 | 4185 (2932–5763) | 3352 (2358–4636) | −20 | 90,362 (85,673–95,668) | 27,753 (23,536–32,514) | −69 |
United Arab Emirates | 0.88 | 44,587 (25,858–70,617) | 9635 (5545–15,958) | −78 | 4707 (3207–6428) | 3885 (2685–5325) | −17 | 49,294 (30,621–75,379) | 13,520 (9078–19,664) | −73 |
Yemen | 0.41 | 262,432 (252,686–272,966) | 97,450 (86,201–109,915) | −63 | 5938 (4095–8071) | 9469 (5970–15,234) | 59 | 268,369 (258,479–278,816) | 106,919 (94,845–120,445) | −60 |