Background
Methods
Study design
Study sample
Data collection
Variables
Total (n = 180) | St. Olav’s Hospital (n = 81) | Haukeland University Hospital (n = 74) | Haugesund Rheumatism Hospital (n = 25) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean (SD) | 63.0 (7.6) | 62.4 (7.6) | 63.4 (7.3) | 64.0 (8.7) | .61 |
Women, n (%) | 142 (79) | 71 (88) | 53 (72) | 18 (72) | .03 |
Living alone, n (%) | 35 (19) | 20 (25) | 14 (19) | 1 (4) | .07 |
Employed, n (%) | 91 (51) | 42 (52) | 37 (50) | 12 (48) | .94 |
Education more than 12 years, n (%) | 63 (35) | 29 (36) | 26 (35) | 8 (32) | .94 |
Hand dominance, right, n (%) | 168 (93) | 74 (91) | 70 (95) | 24 (96) | .61 |
Comorbidities, yes, n (%) | 117 (65) | 50 (62) | 52 (70) | 15 (60) | .46 |
Symptom duration, years, median (IQR) | 5 (2,10) | 5 (3,13) | 4 (2,10) | 2 (1,7) | .51 |
Previous hand surgery, yes, n (%) | 36 (21) | 11 (14) | 20 (27) | 5 (29) | .10 |
Referred for hand surgery | |||||
in left hand, n (%) | 53 (29) | 27 (33) | 21 (28) | 5 (20) | |
in right hand, n (%) | 48 (27) | 19 (24) | 23 (31) | 6 (24) | |
in both hands, n (%) | 79 (44) | 35 (43) | 30 (41) | 14 (56) | .53 |
Data analysis and statistics
Results
Referred versus non-referred hand
Unilateral referral (n = 101) | Bilateral referral (n = 79) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Referred hand | Non-referred hand | P value | Left | Right | P value | |
Body structure
| ||||||
Radiographic CMCJ OA severity (0–4, 0 = no CMCJ OA), median (IQR) | 3 (3,4) | – | – | 3 (3,4) | 3 (2,4) | .16 |
Presence of clinical CMCJ subluxation, n (%) | 65 (64) | – | – | 46 (58) | 38 (48) | .02 |
Radiographic CMCJ subluxation ratio, mean (SD) | 0.51 (0.10) | – | – | 0.50 (0.10) | 0.48 (0.11) | .04 |
Number of finger joints with clinical nodes (0–9 joints), median (IQR) | 0 (0,2) | 0 (0,1) | <.001 | 0 (0,2) | 0 (0,2) | NA |
Body function
| ||||||
Pain at rest (0–10 scale), median (IQR) | 3 (1,5) | 0 (0,2) | <.001 | 3 (1,5) | 2 (0,4) | .11 |
Pain following measure of grip strength (0–10, 0 = no pain), median (IQR) | 4 (1,5) | 0 (0,2) | <.001 | 3 (1,4) | 2 (1,5) | .84 |
Pain following measure of pinch strength (0–10, 0 = no pain), median (IQR) | 4 (1,6) | 0 (0,2) | <.001 | 3 (2,5) | 3 (1,5) | .33 |
Max grip strength, Newton (N), median (IQR) | 159 (106,240) | 214 (150,316) | <.001 | 159 (97,234) | 177 (118,235) | .02 |
Max pinch strength, N, median (IQR) | 29 (20,40) | 37 (27,48) | <.001 | 30 (20,39) | 29 (23,43) | .40 |
Grip strength referred hand (% of normal grip strength), mean (SD) | 65 (25) | 82 (26) | <.001 | 64 (27) | 67 (29) | .33 |
Pinch strength referred hand (% of normal pinch strength), mean SD | 60 (25) | 76 (29) | <.001 | 61 (27) | 65 (27) | .10 |
Number of painful finger joints (MCPJ, IP, PIPJ, DIPJ: 0–14 joints), median (IQR) | 1 (0,4) | 1 (0,4) | NA | 2 (1,5) | 3 (1,5) | .26 |
Flexion deficit 2nd-5th fingers, mm, median (IQR) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | .09 | 0 (0,3) | 0 (0,0) | .40 |
Range of motion thumb IP, degrees, median (IQR) | 70 (58,76) | 75 (65,80) | <.001 | 70 (62,80) | 70 (60,70) | .50 |
Range of motion MCP1, degrees, median (IQR) | 50 (42,56) | 55 (45,65) | <.001 | 50 (40,60) | 50 (42,60) | .42 |
Palmar abduction thumb, degrees, median (IQR) | 46 (40,55) | 56 (47,62) | <.001 | 50 (42,58) | 50 (42,58) | .60 |
Abduction CMCJ, degrees, median (IQR) | 36 (30,42) | 42 (34,49) | <.001 | 37 (32,44) | 39 (30,44) | .55 |
Gender differences
Women (n = 142) | Men (n = 38) | P value* | |
---|---|---|---|
Body structure
| |||
Radiographic CMCJ OA severity (0–4, 0 = no CMCJ OA), median (IQR) | 3 (3,4) | 3 (3,4) | .73 |
Presence of clinical CMCJ subluxation, n (%) | 89 (63) | 24 (63) | .88 |
Radiographic CMCJ subluxation ratio, mean (SD) | 0.50 (0.10) | 0.50 (0.08) | .76 |
Number of finger joints with clinical nodes (0–9 joints), median (IQR) | 0 (0,2) | 0 (0,0) | .01 |
Body function
| |||
Pain at rest (0–10, 0 = no pain), median (IQR) | 3 (1,5) | 2 (1,4) | .31 |
Pain following measure of grip strength (0–10, 0 = no pain), median (IQR) | 3 (2,5) | 3 (1,5) | .72 |
Pain following measure of pinch strength (0–10, 0 = no pain), median (IQR) | 3 (2,5) | 4 (2,6) | .81 |
Max grip strength, Newton (N), median (IQR) | 145 (62) | 336 (95) | <.001 |
Max pinch strength, N, median (IQR) | 27 (11) | 50 (20) | <.001 |
Grip strength referred hand (% of normal grip strength), mean (SD) | 59 (23) | 83 (25) | <.001 |
Pinch strength referred hand (% of normal pinch strength), mean SD | 59 (24) | 69 (28) | .04 |
Number of painful finger joints (MCPJ, IP, PIPJ, DIPJ: 0–14 joints), median (IQR) | 3 (1,5) | 1 (0,2) | <.001 |
Flexion deficit 2nd-5th fingers, mm, median (IQR) | 0 (0,6) | 0 (0,0) | .62 |
Range of motion thumb IP, degrees, median (IQR) | 70 (61,78) | 68 (60,76) | .48 |
Range of motion MCP1, degrees, median (IQR) | 50 (42,59) | 50 (40,56) | .99 |
Palmar abduction thumb, degrees, median (IQR) | 48 (42,56) | 47 (38,55) | .45 |
Abduction CMCJ, degrees, median (IQR) | 36 (31,42) | 36 (30,44) | .94 |
Activity and participation
| |||
Activity performance (1–4, 1 = no activity problems), mean (SD) | 2.0 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.4) | <.001 |
Function and symptoms arm, shoulder and hand (0–100, 0 = no disability), mean (SD) | 38.6 (16.4) | 30.4 (15.6) | .01 |
Isolated CMCJ OA versus CMCJ OA plus IPJ OA
Isolated CMCJ OA (n = 117) | CMCJ plus IPJ OA (n = 63) | P value* | |
---|---|---|---|
Body structure
| |||
Radiographic CMCJ OA severity (0–4, 0 = no CMCJ OA), median (IQR) | 3 (3,4) | 3 (3,4) | .82 |
Presence of clinical CMCJ subluxation, n (%) | 79 (73) | 34 (59) | .08 |
Radiographic CMCJ subluxation ratio, mean (SD) | 0.50 (0.09) | 0.48 (0.11) | .14 |
Number of finger joints with clinical nodes (0–9 joints), median (IQR) | 0 (0,0) | 3 (2,4) | <.001 |
Body function
| |||
Pain at rest (0–10, 0 = no pain), median (IQR) | 3 (1,4) | 4 (2,5) | .05 |
Pain following measure of grip strength (0–10, 0 = no pain), median (IQR) | 3 (1,5) | 4 (2,5) | .41 |
Pain following measure of pinch strength (0–10, 0 = no pain), median (IQR) | 4 (1,6) | 4 (2,5) | .87 |
Max grip strength, Newton (N), median (IQR) | 176 (112,274) | 152 (101,196) | .03 |
Max pinch strength, N, median (IQR) | 31 (22,43) | 27 (19,34) | .02 |
Grip strength referred hand (% of normal grip strength), mean (SD) | 66 (26) | 61 (23) | .23 |
Pinch strength referred hand (% of normal pinch strength), mean SD | 63 (26) | 57 (22) | .12 |
Number of painful finger joints (MCPJ, IP, PIPJ, DIPJ: 0–14 joints), median (IQR) | 1 (0,3) | 5 (3,7) | <.001 |
Flexion deficit 2nd-5th fingers, mm, median (IQR) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,41) | <.001 |
Range of motion thumb IP, degrees, median (IQR) | 71 (64,80) | 65 (55,75) | .02 |
Range of motion MCP1, degrees, median (IQR) | 50 (41,60) | 49 (42,55) | .56 |
Palmar abduction thumb, degrees, median (IQR) | 49 (42,58) | 46 (39,51) | .01 |
Abduction CMCJ, degrees, median (IQR) | 37 (32,44) | 35 (29,40) | .02 |
Activity and participation
| |||
Activity performance (1–4, 1 = no activity problems), mean (SD) | 1.9 (0.4) | 2.1 (0.4) | <.001 |
Function and symptoms arm, shoulder and hand (0–100, 0 = no disability), mean (SD) | 34.3 (15.7) | 41.6 (17.0) | .01 |