Background
Methods
Study design
Search strategy and selection
Inclusion criteria | Description |
---|---|
Language | English, published in a peer-reviewed journal |
Study design | Randomised controlled trials or prospective cohort studies |
Sample size | Minimum 50 participants |
Follow-up | At least 30-days follow-up |
Participants | Patients discharged from hospital with CAD (not heart failure) |
Intervention | Disease management program using mHealth, focusing on more than one behaviour |
Control/comparison group | Usual care |
Outcome | All-cause or cardiovascular mortality, all-cause or cardiovascular readmissions, or major adverse cardiovascular events |
Data extraction tool
Reach—Individual level | The number, proportion, and representativeness of participants |
Target population | The process by which the target population was identified and recruited for participation in the intervention |
Inclusion criteria | Characteristics that determined if a potential participant was eligible to participate |
Exclusion criteria | Characteristics that determined if a potential participant was not eligible to participate |
Participation rate | Sample size divided by the number of eligible participants exposed to recruitment strategies |
Reasons for not participating | Reasons provided for not participating in intervention |
Representativeness | Comparison of characteristics of the study participants to target population |
Effectiveness—Individual level | The impact of the intervention on important individual outcomes, including quality of life, negative outcomes and on attrition |
Primary outcome of intervention | Description of primary outcome measure |
Secondary outcome of intervention | Description of secondary outcome measure |
Quality-of-life as secondary outcome | The study includes a measure of the quality of life as secondary outcome measure |
Results for at least one follow-up | The study reports on study variable(s) measured at specific time point(s) after baseline measures |
Intent-to-treat analysis utilised | The study reports it analyses all participants, regardless of whether they received or adhered to the allocated intervention, or if it only includes participants that were present at follow-up |
Satisfaction with intervention | The study includes a patient satisfaction survey or monitors patients’ feedback |
Negative outcomes | Negative outcomes are assessed to evaluate unanticipated consequences that may be a direct product of the intervention (barriers to participate) |
Percent attrition | The proportion that was lost to follow-up or dropped out of the intervention (including deaths) |
Provided reasons for dropping out of the intervention | |
Adoption—Settings and staff levels | Setting and staff factors that relate to the adoption of the intervention |
Description of intervention location | The characteristics of the location of the actual intervention (home, centre-based, hybrid, or other) |
Staff required to deliver the intervention | Did the intervention require staff to deliver (parts of) the intervention? |
Further details of staff providing intervention (if applicable) | Characteristics of these intervention delivering staff members Level of expertise of these intervention delivering staff members Uptake/Adoption rate of staff |
Implementation—Settings and staff levels | The degree to which the intervention is delivered as intended time and cost of delivery and implementation strategies |
Intervention duration and frequency | Length the intervention |
Frequency: number of contacts with participants | |
Fidelity | Was the intervention delivered as intended or amended post protocol (consistency of delivery) |
Details provided of amended protocol if applicable (type, timing, and reasons) | |
Measures of cost of implementation | The ongoing cost (e.g., money, time) of the implementation across all levels of the intervention |
Theory-based approach | Was the implementation informed by theory? Name of theory used if applicable |
Maintenance—Individual and setting levels | The degree to which the intervention is maintained as well as the long-term effects of the program on outcomes |
Indicators of program maintenance | Description of program continuation after completion or reasons provided for program discontinuation. If program continued, were adaptations made post study? |
Program adaptation in other settings | The intervention is adopted in other settings |
Indicators of maintained behaviour | Report on outcome measures of individuals at some duration after intervention termination Description of assessed outcomes post-intervention |
Measures of cost of maintenance | The ongoing cost of maintaining delivery across all levels of the intervention |
Data extraction
Results
Study characteristics
RE-AIM reporting
RE-AIM dimension and elements | Reporting rate (%)a |
---|---|
Reach (total) | 67 |
Target population | 0 |
Inclusion criteria | 100 |
Exclusion criteria | 93 |
Participation rate | 89 |
Reasons for not participating | 74 |
Representativeness | 0 |
Effectiveness (total) | 75 |
Primary outcome intervention | 100 |
Secondary outcome intervention | 96 |
Quality-of-life as secondary outcome | 56 |
Results for at least one follow-up | 52 |
Intent-to-treat analysis utilised | 81 |
Satisfaction with intervention | 63 |
Negative outcomes | 0 |
Percent attrition | 93 |
Adoption (total) | 54b |
Description of intervention location | 100 |
Staff required to deliver the intervention | 63 |
Further details of staff providing intervention (if applicable) (n = 18)b | 0 |
Implementation (total) | 36 |
Intervention duration and frequency | 100 |
Fidelity | 11 |
Measures of cost of implementation | 0 |
Theory-based approach | 33 |
Maintenance (total) | 11 |
Indicators of program maintenance | 7 |
Program adaptation in other settings | 0 |
Indicators of maintained behaviour | 37 |
Measures of cost of maintenance | 0 |