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Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Erschienen in:

17.11.2018 | Review Article

Pancreatic Cancer and Immunotherapy: Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions

verfasst von: Elaine Tan, Bassel El-Rayes

Erschienen in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer | Ausgabe 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be one of the most aggressive and lethal diseases in the world. The success of immunotherapy in other types of malignancy has led to further trials to understand better the role of immunotherapy in PDAC. However, initial studies with immunotherapy, namely, the checkpoint inhibitors, in PDAC have not been met with the same outcomes. The purpose of this review is to identify and discuss the various resistance mechanisms of PDAC to immunotherapy (pancreatic stroma, genetic predisposition/epigenetics, and the immune inhibitory cells, cytokines, soluble factors, and enzymes that comprise the tumor microenvironment) and the solutions currently being studied to overcome them.

Conclusions

Various preclinical and early clinical studies have shown that immunotherapy, especially checkpoint inhibitors, in PDAC may be efficacious as part of a multi-modal treatment, in combination with other therapies that target these resistance mechanisms. Several clinical trials are ongoing to explore this concept further.

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Titel: Pancreatic Cancer and Immunotherapy: Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions
verfasst von: Elaine Tan
Bassel El-Rayes
Publikationsdatum: 17.11.2018
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1941-6628
Elektronische ISSN: 1941-6636
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-018-0179-z

Springer Medizin

Pancreatic Cancer and Immunotherapy: Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions

Abstract

Background

Conclusions

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Springer Medizin

Abstract

Background

Conclusions

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