Paraneoplastic syndromes occur rarely in association with laryngeal cancer. |
When present, the syndrome may be the first sign of the malignancy. |
A search of PubMed was conducted for “paraneoplastic syndromes in laryngeal cancer”. |
Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with laryngeal cancer are difficult to diagnose. |
Recognizing a paraneoplastic syndrome helps in suspecting a laryngeal cancer. |
Introduction
Methods
Results
Selection of Included Studies
Description of Included Cases
Literature Review with Discussion
Paraneoplastic Dermatologic or Cutaneous Syndromes
Acanthosis Nigricans
Bazex Syndrome
Bullous Pemphigoid
Dermatomyositis
Yellow Nail Syndrome
Tylosis
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
Leser–Trélat
Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes
Carcinoid Syndrome
Ectopic ACTH Syndrome
Schwartz–Bartter Syndrome
Hypercalcemia
Paraneoplastic Hematologic Syndromes
Trousseau Syndrome
Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes
Cerebellar Degeneration
Ataxia
Eaton–Lambert Myasthenic Syndrome
Encephalomyelitis
Paraneoplastic Osteoarticular or Rheumatologic Syndromes
Polyarthritis
Pseudo-Still Disease
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Paraneoplastic Ocular Syndromes
Cancer-Associated Retinopathy (CAR) and Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy (MAR)
Paraneoplastic Muscular Syndromes
Paraneoplastic syndrome type | Paraneoplastic syndrome name | Author (Refs.) | Year | Age (years) | Sex | Site | Type of tumor | Treatment | Follow-up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dermatologic or cutaneous | Acanthosis nigricans | Oppolzer et al. [16] | 1986 | 76 | M | G | SCC | S + RT | Alive |
Bazex syndrome | Colomb et al. [23] | 1981 | 68 | M | SG | SCC | RT | Alive | |
Rubisz-Brzezinska et al. [98] | 1983 | 78 | M | G | SCC | None | DOD | ||
Mounsey and Brown [27] | 1992 | 66 | M | G | SCC | RT + S | DOD | ||
Miquel et al. [26] | 1997 | 64 | M | SG | SCC | S + RT | Alive | ||
Khachemoune et al. [17] | 2004 | 70 | M | NA | SCC | S + C | NA | ||
Aksu and Karadeniz [30] | 2006 | 62 | M | G | SCC | RT | Alive | ||
Ehmann et al. [99] | 2012 | 49 | F | NA | SCC | RT + C + S | Alive | ||
Bullous pemphigoid | Hodge et al. [33] | 1981 | NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA | |
Dermatomyositis | Mackenzie and Scherbel [36] | 1963 | 66 | M | G | SCC | S | NA | |
Tsvetkov [100] | 1977 | 61 | M | SG | SCC | RT | Alive | ||
Bonnetblanc et al. [35] | 1990 | NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | Alive | ||
Zhang et al. [101] | 2009 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||
NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||
Yellow nail syndrome | Guin and Elleman [37] | 1979 | 61 | M | NA | SCC | S | Alive | |
Tylosis | Haines [38] | 1967 | 66 | M | G | SCC | RT | DOD | |
Pityriasis rubra pilaris | Batinac et al. [39] | 2009 | 46 | M | G | SCC in situ | S | Alive | |
Leser–Trélat sign | Rubisz-Brzezinska et al. [98] | 1983 | 78 | M | G | SCC | None | DOD | |
Nyati et al. [40] | 2016 | NA | M | SG | SCC | RT + C + RT | Alive | ||
NA | F | G | SCC | RT | Alive | ||||
Endocrine | Carcinoid syndrome | Baugh et al. [46] | 1987 | 50 | F | SG | MDNC | S | DOD |
Wenig and Gnepp [49] | 1989 | NA | M | SG | WDNC | S + C | Alive | ||
Overholt et al. [48] | 1995 | 57 | M | SG | LCNCa | S + RT + S | DOD | ||
Kumai et al. [47] | 1996 | 74 | M | SG | MDNC | S | DOD | ||
Yamanaka et al. [50] | 1997 | NA | NA | NA | MDNC | NA | DOD | ||
Ectopic ACTH syndrome | Imura et al. [51] | 1975 | 66 | M | NA | SCC | S | DOD | |
Bishop et al. [52] | 1985 | 60 | F | SG | SCNC | RT | DOD | ||
Schwartz–Bartter syndrome (SIADH) | Moses et al. [55] | 1976 | NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA | |
NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA | ||||
Trotoux et al. [59] | 1979 | 61 | M | SuG | SCNC | S + RT | DOD | ||
Takeuchi et al. [60] | 1989 | 53 | M | SG | SCNC | S | DOD | ||
Zohar et al. [58] | 1991 | 62 | M | SG | SCC | S + C | DOD | ||
65 | M | NA | SCC | S + RT + C | DOD | ||||
63 | M | NA | SCC | None | DOD | ||||
Talmi et al. [57] | 1992 | NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA | ||
NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA | ||||
NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA | ||||
NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA | ||||
Roth et al. [56] | 1994 | 76 | M | NA | SCC | S + RT | DOD | ||
Myers and Kessimian [61] | 1995 | 58 | M | SG | SCNC | C | DOD | ||
Maxwell and Witterick [102] | 2004 | 52 | M | SG | SCC | RT + S + C | DOD | ||
Hypercalcemia | Angel et al. [65] | 1982 | 52 | F | NA | SCC | S + RT | DOD | |
Hematologic | Trousseau syndrome | Nikšic and Balogh [71] | 1976 | NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA |
Neurologic | Cerebellar degeneration | Müller et al. [75] | 1969 | NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA |
Ataxia | Garcia et al. [78] | 1998 | 66 | M | SG | SCC | S | Alive | |
Eaton–Lambert myasthenic syndrome | Fontanel et al. [83] | 1973 | 58 | M | G | SCC | S | Alive | |
Medina et al. [84] | 1984 | 64 | F | SG | SCNC | C + RT | DOD | ||
Ferroir et al. [85] | 1989 | 58 | M | G | SCC | C + RT | DOD | ||
Shipley et al. [86] | 2008 | 64 | M | G | SCC | S | NA | ||
Encephalomyelitis | Baijens and Manni [88] | 2006 | 74 | M | SG | SCC | None | DOD | |
Erro Aguirre et al. [89] | 2016 | 53 | M | NA | SCC | S + RT | Alive | ||
Osteoarticular or rheumatologic | Polyarthritis | Eggelmeijer and Macfarlane [91] | 1992 | 50 | M | SG | SCC | S + RT | Alive |
Pseudo-Still disease | Cabane et al. [92] | 1988 | 45 | M | SG | SCC | C + S + RT | Alive | |
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy | Mackenzie and Scherbel [36] | 1963 | NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA | |
NA | NA | NA | SCC | NA | NA | ||||
Cohen [93] | 1993 | 66 | M | NA | SCC | S | DOD | ||
Ocular | Cone dysfunction | Parc et al. [95] | 2006 | 50 | F | NA | SCC | NA | Alive |
Muscular | Polymyositis | Sahu et al. [97] | 2016 | 54 | M | NA | SCC | S + RT | Alive |