Skip to main content

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

14. Pathologische Plazenta und Nabelschnur

verfasst von : Wolfgang Henrich, Prof. Dr. med., Erich Hafner , Univ. Prof. Dr. med.

Erschienen in: Ultraschalldiagnostik in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Die Plazenta ist die Schnittstelle zwischen dem mütterlichen und dem fetalen Kreislauf. Sie erfüllt mit den Eihäuten und der Nabelschnur komplexe Aufgaben des Stoffaustausches zwischen Mutter und Fetus.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Abramovicz JS, Sheiner E (2008) Ultrasound of the placenta: a systematic approach. Part 1: imaging. Placenta 29:225–240CrossRef Abramovicz JS, Sheiner E (2008) Ultrasound of the placenta: a systematic approach. Part 1: imaging. Placenta 29:225–240CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aherne W (1966) A weight relationship between the human foetus and placenta. Biol Neonat 10:113–118PubMedCrossRef Aherne W (1966) A weight relationship between the human foetus and placenta. Biol Neonat 10:113–118PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ananth CV, Demissie K, Smulian JC et al (2003) Placenta previa in singleton and twin births in the United States, 1989 through 1998: A comparison of risk factor profiles and associated conditions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:275–281PubMedCrossRef Ananth CV, Demissie K, Smulian JC et al (2003) Placenta previa in singleton and twin births in the United States, 1989 through 1998: A comparison of risk factor profiles and associated conditions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:275–281PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Becker RH, Vonk R, Mende BC et al (2001) The relevance of placental location at 20–23 gestational weeks for prediction of placenta previa at delivery: evaluation of 8650 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 17:496–501PubMedCrossRef Becker RH, Vonk R, Mende BC et al (2001) The relevance of placental location at 20–23 gestational weeks for prediction of placenta previa at delivery: evaluation of 8650 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 17:496–501PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Benson RC, Fujikura T (1969) Circumvallate and circummarginate placenta: Uimportant clinical entities. Obstet Gyncol 34:799 Benson RC, Fujikura T (1969) Circumvallate and circummarginate placenta: Uimportant clinical entities. Obstet Gyncol 34:799
Zurück zum Zitat Bhide A, Prefumo F, Moore J et al (2003) Placental edge to internal os distance in the late third trimester and mode of delivery in placenta praevia. BJOG 110:860–864PubMedCrossRef Bhide A, Prefumo F, Moore J et al (2003) Placental edge to internal os distance in the late third trimester and mode of delivery in placenta praevia. BJOG 110:860–864PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bodner LJ, Nosher JL, Gribbin C et al (2006) Balloon-assisted occlusion of the internal iliac arteries in patients withplacenta accreta/percreta. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 29:354–361PubMedCrossRef Bodner LJ, Nosher JL, Gribbin C et al (2006) Balloon-assisted occlusion of the internal iliac arteries in patients withplacenta accreta/percreta. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 29:354–361PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bower S, Schuchter K, Campbell S (1993) Doppler ultrasound screening as part of routine antenatal scanning: reduction of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 100:989–994PubMedCrossRef Bower S, Schuchter K, Campbell S (1993) Doppler ultrasound screening as part of routine antenatal scanning: reduction of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 100:989–994PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brown HL, Miller JM, Khawli O, Gabert HA (1988) Premature placental calcifications in maternal cigarette smokers. Obstet Gynecol 71:914–917PubMed Brown HL, Miller JM, Khawli O, Gabert HA (1988) Premature placental calcifications in maternal cigarette smokers. Obstet Gynecol 71:914–917PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell S, Kohorn EI (1968) Placental localization by ultrasonic compound scanning. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 75:1007–1013PubMedCrossRef Campbell S, Kohorn EI (1968) Placental localization by ultrasonic compound scanning. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 75:1007–1013PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Catanzarite V, Maida C, Thomas W et al (2001) Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of vasa previa: ultrasound findings and obstetric outcome in ten cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 18:109–115PubMedCrossRef Catanzarite V, Maida C, Thomas W et al (2001) Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of vasa previa: ultrasound findings and obstetric outcome in ten cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 18:109–115PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Clark SL, Koonings PP, Phelan JP (1985) Placenta previa/accreta and prior cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol 66:89–92PubMed Clark SL, Koonings PP, Phelan JP (1985) Placenta previa/accreta and prior cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol 66:89–92PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Clark SL (1999) Placenta previa and abruptio placentae. In: Creasy RK, Resnik R (Hrsg) Maternal Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, S. 616 Clark SL (1999) Placenta previa and abruptio placentae. In: Creasy RK, Resnik R (Hrsg) Maternal Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, S. 616
Zurück zum Zitat Cnossen JS, Morris RK, ter Riet G, Mol BW, van der Post JA, Coomarasamy A, Zwinderman AH, Robson SC, Bindels PJ, Klejnen J, Khan KS (2008) Se of uterine artery Doppler Ultrasonography to predict pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and bivariable meta-analysis. CMAJ 178:701–711PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Cnossen JS, Morris RK, ter Riet G, Mol BW, van der Post JA, Coomarasamy A, Zwinderman AH, Robson SC, Bindels PJ, Klejnen J, Khan KS (2008) Se of uterine artery Doppler Ultrasonography to predict pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and bivariable meta-analysis. CMAJ 178:701–711PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Comstock CH (2005) Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta: a review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26:89–96PubMedCrossRef Comstock CH (2005) Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta: a review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26:89–96PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Comstock CH, Love JJ, Bronsteen RA et al (2004) Sonographic detection of placenta accreta in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190:1135–1140CrossRefPubMed Comstock CH, Love JJ, Bronsteen RA et al (2004) Sonographic detection of placenta accreta in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190:1135–1140CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Comstock CH (2011) The antenatal diagnosis of placental attachment disorders. Curr pin Obstet Gynecol 23:117–122CrossRef Comstock CH (2011) The antenatal diagnosis of placental attachment disorders. Curr pin Obstet Gynecol 23:117–122CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cotton DB, Read JA, Paul RH et al (1980) The conservative aggressive management of placenta previa. Am J Obstet Gynecol 137:687–695PubMedCrossRef Cotton DB, Read JA, Paul RH et al (1980) The conservative aggressive management of placenta previa. Am J Obstet Gynecol 137:687–695PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Crane JM, Hof MC, van den Dodds L et al (1999) Neonatal outcomes with placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol 93:541–544PubMed Crane JM, Hof MC, van den Dodds L et al (1999) Neonatal outcomes with placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol 93:541–544PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Degani S (2006) Sonographic findings in fetal viral infections: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 61:329–336PubMedCrossRef Degani S (2006) Sonographic findings in fetal viral infections: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 61:329–336PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Demissie K, Breckenridge MB, Joseph L et al (1999) Placenta previa: preponderance of male sex at birth. Am J Epidemiol 149:824–830PubMedCrossRef Demissie K, Breckenridge MB, Joseph L et al (1999) Placenta previa: preponderance of male sex at birth. Am J Epidemiol 149:824–830PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Earn AA (1951) Placental anomalies. Can Med Assoc J 65:118 Earn AA (1951) Placental anomalies. Can Med Assoc J 65:118
Zurück zum Zitat Elchalal U, Ezra Y, Levy Y, Bar-Oz B, Yanai N, Intrator O (1999) Sonographically thick placenta a marker for increased perinatal risk – a prospective cross-sectional study. Placenta 21:268–272CrossRef Elchalal U, Ezra Y, Levy Y, Bar-Oz B, Yanai N, Intrator O (1999) Sonographically thick placenta a marker for increased perinatal risk – a prospective cross-sectional study. Placenta 21:268–272CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Faiz AS, Ananth CV (2003) Etiology and risk factors for placenta previa: an overview and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 13:175–179PubMedCrossRef Faiz AS, Ananth CV (2003) Etiology and risk factors for placenta previa: an overview and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 13:175–179PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fleischer AC, James Jr AE, Krause DA, Millis JB (1978) Sonographic patterns in trophoblastic diseases. Radiology 126:215PubMedCrossRef Fleischer AC, James Jr AE, Krause DA, Millis JB (1978) Sonographic patterns in trophoblastic diseases. Radiology 126:215PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Francois K, Mayer S, Harris C et al (2003) Association of vasa previa at delivery with a history of second-trimester placenta previa. J Reprod Med 48:771–774PubMed Francois K, Mayer S, Harris C et al (2003) Association of vasa previa at delivery with a history of second-trimester placenta previa. J Reprod Med 48:771–774PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Fuchs I, Dudenhausen JW, Sehouli J, Henrich W (2008) Placenta pathology: disorders of placental location, placental implantation and cord insertion. Ultraschall Med 29(1):4–17 (quiz 18–23)PubMedCrossRef Fuchs I, Dudenhausen JW, Sehouli J, Henrich W (2008) Placenta pathology: disorders of placental location, placental implantation and cord insertion. Ultraschall Med 29(1):4–17 (quiz 18–23)PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Galli G, Moneta Caglio E, Troncone L, Garcea N (1968) Localization of the placenta: indications and methods (article in Italian). Ann Ostet Ginecol Med Perinat 90:677–733PubMed Galli G, Moneta Caglio E, Troncone L, Garcea N (1968) Localization of the placenta: indications and methods (article in Italian). Ann Ostet Ginecol Med Perinat 90:677–733PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gassner R, Metzenbauer M, Hafner E, Valazza U, Philipp K (2003) Triploidy in a twin pregnancy: small placental volume as an early sonographic marker. Prenat Diagn 23:16–20PubMedCrossRef Gassner R, Metzenbauer M, Hafner E, Valazza U, Philipp K (2003) Triploidy in a twin pregnancy: small placental volume as an early sonographic marker. Prenat Diagn 23:16–20PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gemer O, Segal S (1994) Incidence and contribution of predisposing factors to transverse lie presentation. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 44:219–221PubMedCrossRef Gemer O, Segal S (1994) Incidence and contribution of predisposing factors to transverse lie presentation. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 44:219–221PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Golic M, Hinkson L, Bamberg C, Rodekamp E, Brauer M, Sarioglu N, Henrich W (2012) Vasa Praevia: Risk-Adapted Modification of the Conventional Management – a Retrospective Study. Ultraschall Med. Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print] Golic M, Hinkson L, Bamberg C, Rodekamp E, Brauer M, Sarioglu N, Henrich W (2012) Vasa Praevia: Risk-Adapted Modification of the Conventional Management – a Retrospective Study. Ultraschall Med. Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print]
Zurück zum Zitat Grannum P, Berkowitz RL, Hobbins JC (1979) The ultrasonic changes in the maturing placenta and theit relation to fetal pulmonic maturity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 133:915–922PubMedCrossRef Grannum P, Berkowitz RL, Hobbins JC (1979) The ultrasonic changes in the maturing placenta and theit relation to fetal pulmonic maturity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 133:915–922PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gungor T, Ekin M, Dumanli H, Gokmen O (1998) Color Doppler ultrasonography in the earlier differentiation of benign mole hydatidiforms from malignant gestational trophoblastic disease. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 77:860PubMedCrossRef Gungor T, Ekin M, Dumanli H, Gokmen O (1998) Color Doppler ultrasonography in the earlier differentiation of benign mole hydatidiforms from malignant gestational trophoblastic disease. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 77:860PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hafner E, Metzenbauer M, Höfinger D, Munkel M, Gassner R, Schuchter K, Dillinger-Paller B, Philipp K (2003) Placental growth from the first to the second trimester of pregnancy in SGA-fetuses and pre-eclamptic pregnancies compared to normal fetuses. Placenta 24:336–342PubMedCrossRef Hafner E, Metzenbauer M, Höfinger D, Munkel M, Gassner R, Schuchter K, Dillinger-Paller B, Philipp K (2003) Placental growth from the first to the second trimester of pregnancy in SGA-fetuses and pre-eclamptic pregnancies compared to normal fetuses. Placenta 24:336–342PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hafner E, Metzenbauer M, Stümpflen I et al (2010) First trimester placental and mayometrial blood perfusion measured by 3D power Doppler in normal and unfavourable outcome pregnancies. Placenta 31:756–763PubMedCrossRef Hafner E, Metzenbauer M, Stümpflen I et al (2010) First trimester placental and mayometrial blood perfusion measured by 3D power Doppler in normal and unfavourable outcome pregnancies. Placenta 31:756–763PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hafner E, Philipp T, Schuchter K, Dillinger-Paller B, Philipp K, Bauer P (1998) Second-trimester measurement of placental volume by three-dimensional ultrasound to predict small-for-gestational-age infants. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 12:97–102PubMedCrossRef Hafner E, Philipp T, Schuchter K, Dillinger-Paller B, Philipp K, Bauer P (1998) Second-trimester measurement of placental volume by three-dimensional ultrasound to predict small-for-gestational-age infants. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 12:97–102PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Harris RD, Wells WA, Black WC, Chertoff JD, Poplack SP, Sargent SK et al (1997) Accuracy of prenatal sonography for detecting circumvallate placenta. Am J Roentgenol 168:1603–1608CrossRef Harris RD, Wells WA, Black WC, Chertoff JD, Poplack SP, Sargent SK et al (1997) Accuracy of prenatal sonography for detecting circumvallate placenta. Am J Roentgenol 168:1603–1608CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Heer IM, Muller-Egloff S, Strauss A (2006) Placenta praevia – comparison of four sonographic modalities. Ultraschall in Med 27:355–359CrossRef Heer IM, Muller-Egloff S, Strauss A (2006) Placenta praevia – comparison of four sonographic modalities. Ultraschall in Med 27:355–359CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Henrich W, Fuchs I, Ehrenstein T, Kjos S, Schmider A, Dudenhausen JW (2002) Antenatal diagnosis of placenta percreta with planned in situ retention and methotrexate therapy in a woman infected with HIV. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 20(1):90–93PubMedCrossRef Henrich W, Fuchs I, Ehrenstein T, Kjos S, Schmider A, Dudenhausen JW (2002) Antenatal diagnosis of placenta percreta with planned in situ retention and methotrexate therapy in a woman infected with HIV. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 20(1):90–93PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Henrich W, Surbek D, Kainer F, Grottke O, Hopp H, Kiesewetter H, Koscielny J, Maul H, Schlembach D, von Tempelhoff GF, Rath W (2008) Diagnosis and treatment of peripartum bleeding. J Perinat Med 36(6):467–478CrossRefPubMed Henrich W, Surbek D, Kainer F, Grottke O, Hopp H, Kiesewetter H, Koscielny J, Maul H, Schlembach D, von Tempelhoff GF, Rath W (2008) Diagnosis and treatment of peripartum bleeding. J Perinat Med 36(6):467–478CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Henrich W, Stupin JH (2011) 3D volume contrast imaging (VCI) for the visualization of placenta previa increta and uterine wall thickness in a dichorionic twin pregnancy. Ultraschall Med 32(4):406–411PubMedCrossRef Henrich W, Stupin JH (2011) 3D volume contrast imaging (VCI) for the visualization of placenta previa increta and uterine wall thickness in a dichorionic twin pregnancy. Ultraschall Med 32(4):406–411PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hohlfeld P, MacAleese J, Capella-Pavlovski M, Forestier F (1991) Fetal toxoplasmosis: ultrasonographic signs. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol :1241–1244 Hohlfeld P, MacAleese J, Capella-Pavlovski M, Forestier F (1991) Fetal toxoplasmosis: ultrasonographic signs. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol :1241–1244
Zurück zum Zitat Hoogland HJ, De Haan J, Martin Jr CB (1980) Placental size during early pregnancy and fetal outcome: a preliminary report of a sequential ultrasonographic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138:441–443PubMedCrossRef Hoogland HJ, De Haan J, Martin Jr CB (1980) Placental size during early pregnancy and fetal outcome: a preliminary report of a sequential ultrasonographic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138:441–443PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hopper KD, Komppa GH, Bice P, Williams MD, Cotterill RW, Ghaed N (1984) A reevaluation of placental grading and its clinical significance. J Ultrasound Med 3:261–266PubMedCrossRef Hopper KD, Komppa GH, Bice P, Williams MD, Cotterill RW, Ghaed N (1984) A reevaluation of placental grading and its clinical significance. J Ultrasound Med 3:261–266PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jauniaux E, Broen R, Snijders RJM, Noble P, Nicolaudes K (1997) Early prenatal diagnosis of triploidy. Am J Obstet Gynecology 176:550–554CrossRef Jauniaux E, Broen R, Snijders RJM, Noble P, Nicolaudes K (1997) Early prenatal diagnosis of triploidy. Am J Obstet Gynecology 176:550–554CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jauniaux E, Nicolaides KH, Hustin J (1997) Perinatal features associated with placental mesenchymal dysplasia. Placenta 18:701PubMedCrossRef Jauniaux E, Nicolaides KH, Hustin J (1997) Perinatal features associated with placental mesenchymal dysplasia. Placenta 18:701PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jauniaux E, Ramsay B, Campbell S (1994) Ultrrasonographic investigation of placental morphologic characteristics and size during the second trimester of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170:130–137PubMedCrossRef Jauniaux E, Ramsay B, Campbell S (1994) Ultrrasonographic investigation of placental morphologic characteristics and size during the second trimester of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170:130–137PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jedberg H, Notter G, Söderholm B, Vikterlöf KJ (1970) Placenta localization by different methods. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 49:265–270PubMedCrossRef Jedberg H, Notter G, Söderholm B, Vikterlöf KJ (1970) Placenta localization by different methods. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 49:265–270PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jones HW (1981) III Gestational trophoblastic disease. In: Jones H, Jones JS (Hrsg) Novaks’s textbook of gynecology, 10. Aufl. Williams, Baltimore Jones HW (1981) III Gestational trophoblastic disease. In: Jones H, Jones JS (Hrsg) Novaks’s textbook of gynecology, 10. Aufl. Williams, Baltimore
Zurück zum Zitat Kazzi GM, Gross TL, Rosen MG, Jaatoul-Kazzi NY (1984) The relationship of placental grade, fetal lung maturity, and neonatal outcome in normal and complicated pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 148:54–58PubMedCrossRef Kazzi GM, Gross TL, Rosen MG, Jaatoul-Kazzi NY (1984) The relationship of placental grade, fetal lung maturity, and neonatal outcome in normal and complicated pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 148:54–58PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kofinas A, Kofinas G, Sutija V (2007) The role of second trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of placental hypoechoic lesions leading to poor pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 20:859–866PubMedCrossRef Kofinas A, Kofinas G, Sutija V (2007) The role of second trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of placental hypoechoic lesions leading to poor pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 20:859–866PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Konje JC, Kaufmann P, Bell SC et al (2001) A longitudinal study of quantitative uterine blood flow with the use of color power angiography in appropriate for gestational age pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185:608–613PubMedCrossRef Konje JC, Kaufmann P, Bell SC et al (2001) A longitudinal study of quantitative uterine blood flow with the use of color power angiography in appropriate for gestational age pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185:608–613PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kouyoumdjian A (1980) Velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord. Obstet Gynecol 56:737–742PubMed Kouyoumdjian A (1980) Velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord. Obstet Gynecol 56:737–742PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat van Krapp M, Axt-Fliedner R, Berg C et al (2007) Clinical application of grey scale and colour Doppler sonography during abnormal third stage of labour. Ultraschall in Med 28:63–66CrossRef van Krapp M, Axt-Fliedner R, Berg C et al (2007) Clinical application of grey scale and colour Doppler sonography during abnormal third stage of labour. Ultraschall in Med 28:63–66CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kratochwil A (1969) Methods of placenta localization. Wien Klin Wochenschr 81:290–293 ((article in German))PubMed Kratochwil A (1969) Methods of placenta localization. Wien Klin Wochenschr 81:290–293 ((article in German))PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat La Torre R, Nigro G, Mazzocco M, Best AM, Adler SP (2006) Placental enlargement in womenwith primary maternal cytomegalyvirus infection is associated with fetal and neonatal disease. Clin Infect Dis 43:994–1000PubMedCrossRef La Torre R, Nigro G, Mazzocco M, Best AM, Adler SP (2006) Placental enlargement in womenwith primary maternal cytomegalyvirus infection is associated with fetal and neonatal disease. Clin Infect Dis 43:994–1000PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee W, Lee VL, Kirk JS et al (2000) Vasa previa: prenatal diagnosis, natural evolution, and clinical outcome. Obstet Gynecol 95:572–576PubMed Lee W, Lee VL, Kirk JS et al (2000) Vasa previa: prenatal diagnosis, natural evolution, and clinical outcome. Obstet Gynecol 95:572–576PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Loh KY, Sivalingam N, Suryani MY (2004) Gestational trophoblastic disease. Med J Malaysa 59:697 Loh KY, Sivalingam N, Suryani MY (2004) Gestational trophoblastic disease. Med J Malaysa 59:697
Zurück zum Zitat Lurain JR, Brewer JI (1982) Invasive mole. Semin Oncol 9:174–180PubMed Lurain JR, Brewer JI (1982) Invasive mole. Semin Oncol 9:174–180PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Lurain JR (2010) Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatiform mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 203:531–539PubMedCrossRef Lurain JR (2010) Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatiform mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 203:531–539PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McCowan LM, Ritchie K, Mo LY et al (1988) Uterine artery flow velocity waveforms in normal and growth retarded pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158:499–504PubMedCrossRef McCowan LM, Ritchie K, Mo LY et al (1988) Uterine artery flow velocity waveforms in normal and growth retarded pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158:499–504PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McKenna D, Tharmaratnam S, Mahsud S, Dornan J (2005) Ultrasonic evidence of placental calcification at 26 weeks’ gestation: maternal and fetal oucomes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 84:7–10PubMedCrossRef McKenna D, Tharmaratnam S, Mahsud S, Dornan J (2005) Ultrasonic evidence of placental calcification at 26 weeks’ gestation: maternal and fetal oucomes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 84:7–10PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McShane PM, Heyl PS, Epstein MF (1985) Maternal and perinatal morbidity resulting from placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol 1985 65:176–182 McShane PM, Heyl PS, Epstein MF (1985) Maternal and perinatal morbidity resulting from placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol 1985 65:176–182
Zurück zum Zitat Meiner A, Holland H, Reichenbach H, Horn LC, Faber R, Froster UG (1998) Tetraploidy in a growth retarded fetus with thick placenta. Prenat diagn 18:864–865PubMedCrossRef Meiner A, Holland H, Reichenbach H, Horn LC, Faber R, Froster UG (1998) Tetraploidy in a growth retarded fetus with thick placenta. Prenat diagn 18:864–865PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Melchiorre K, Leslie K, Prefumo A (2009) First-trimester uterine artery Doppler of small-for-gestational age pregnancies and intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33:524–529PubMedCrossRef Melchiorre K, Leslie K, Prefumo A (2009) First-trimester uterine artery Doppler of small-for-gestational age pregnancies and intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33:524–529PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Merz E (2005) Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1: Obstetrics. Textbook and Atlas. Thieme Verlag, Merz E (2005) Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1: Obstetrics. Textbook and Atlas. Thieme Verlag,
Zurück zum Zitat Metzenbauer M, Hafner E, Schuchter K, Philipp K (2002) First-trimester placental volume as a marker for chromosomal anomalies: preliminary resultsfrom an unselected population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 19:240–242PubMedCrossRef Metzenbauer M, Hafner E, Schuchter K, Philipp K (2002) First-trimester placental volume as a marker for chromosomal anomalies: preliminary resultsfrom an unselected population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 19:240–242PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Naftolin F, Khudr G, Bernischke K et al (1973) The syndrome of chronic abruptio placenta, hydrorrhea, and circumvallate placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 116:347PubMedCrossRef Naftolin F, Khudr G, Bernischke K et al (1973) The syndrome of chronic abruptio placenta, hydrorrhea, and circumvallate placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 116:347PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat O’Brien JM, Barton JR, Donaldson ES (1996) The management of placenta percreta: conservative and operative strategies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:1632–1638PubMedCrossRef O’Brien JM, Barton JR, Donaldson ES (1996) The management of placenta percreta: conservative and operative strategies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:1632–1638PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oppenheimer L (2007) Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Diagnosis and management of placenta previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29:261–73PubMedCrossRef Oppenheimer L (2007) Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Diagnosis and management of placenta previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29:261–73PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oyelese Y, Catanzarite V, Prefumo F et al (2004) Vasa previa: the impact of prenatal diagnosis on outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 103:937–942PubMedCrossRef Oyelese Y, Catanzarite V, Prefumo F et al (2004) Vasa previa: the impact of prenatal diagnosis on outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 103:937–942PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oyelese Y, Smulian JC (2006) Placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa. Obstet Gynecol 107:927–941PubMedCrossRef Oyelese Y, Smulian JC (2006) Placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa. Obstet Gynecol 107:927–941PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oyelese Y, Spong C, Fernandez MA et al (2000) Second trimester low-lying placenta and in-vitro fertilization? Exclude vasa previa. J Matern Fetal Med 9:370–372PubMed Oyelese Y, Spong C, Fernandez MA et al (2000) Second trimester low-lying placenta and in-vitro fertilization? Exclude vasa previa. J Matern Fetal Med 9:370–372PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Palmer JR (1994) Advances in the epidemiology of gestational trophoblastic tumors. J Reprod Med 39:155–162PubMed Palmer JR (1994) Advances in the epidemiology of gestational trophoblastic tumors. J Reprod Med 39:155–162PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pham T, Steele J, Stayboldt C, Chan L, Bernischke K (2006) Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise. Am J Clin Pathol 126:67–78PubMedCrossRef Pham T, Steele J, Stayboldt C, Chan L, Bernischke K (2006) Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise. Am J Clin Pathol 126:67–78PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pijnenborg R, Brosens I, Romero R (2010) Placental bed disorders. Cambridge University Press, CrossRef Pijnenborg R, Brosens I, Romero R (2010) Placental bed disorders. Cambridge University Press, CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Proctor LK, Toal M, Keating S et al (2009) Placental size and the prediction of severe early-onset intrauterine growth restriction in women with low pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 34:274–282PubMedCrossRef Proctor LK, Toal M, Keating S et al (2009) Placental size and the prediction of severe early-onset intrauterine growth restriction in women with low pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 34:274–282PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Proctor LK, Whittle WL, Keating S, Viero S, Kingdom JCP (2010) Pathologic basis of echogenic cystic lesions in the human placenta: role of ultrasound guided wire localization. Placenta 31:1111–1115PubMedCrossRef Proctor LK, Whittle WL, Keating S, Viero S, Kingdom JCP (2010) Pathologic basis of echogenic cystic lesions in the human placenta: role of ultrasound guided wire localization. Placenta 31:1111–1115PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Quinlan RW, Cruz AC, Buhi WC, Martin M (1982) Changes in placental ultrasonic appearance II. Pathologic significance of Grade III placental changes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 144:471–473PubMedCrossRef Quinlan RW, Cruz AC, Buhi WC, Martin M (1982) Changes in placental ultrasonic appearance II. Pathologic significance of Grade III placental changes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 144:471–473PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Raio L, Saile G, Brühwiler H (1997) Discordant umbilical cord arteries: prenatal diagnosis and significance. Ultraschall in Med 18:229–232CrossRef Raio L, Saile G, Brühwiler H (1997) Discordant umbilical cord arteries: prenatal diagnosis and significance. Ultraschall in Med 18:229–232CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenberg T, Pariente G, Sergienko R, Wiznitzer A, Sheiner E (2011) Critical analysis of risk factors and outcome of placenta previa. Arch Gynecol Obstet 284(1):47–51PubMedCrossRef Rosenberg T, Pariente G, Sergienko R, Wiznitzer A, Sheiner E (2011) Critical analysis of risk factors and outcome of placenta previa. Arch Gynecol Obstet 284(1):47–51PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schlensker KH (1971) Plazentographie mittels Ultraschall-Schnittbildverfahren. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 31:879–897PubMed Schlensker KH (1971) Plazentographie mittels Ultraschall-Schnittbildverfahren. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 31:879–897PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sebire NJ, Sepulveda W (2008) Correlation of placental pathology with prenatal ultrasound findings. J Clin Pathol 61:1276–1284PubMedCrossRef Sebire NJ, Sepulveda W (2008) Correlation of placental pathology with prenatal ultrasound findings. J Clin Pathol 61:1276–1284PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sepulveda W, Rojas I, Robert JA et al (2003) Prenatal detection of velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord: a prospective color Doppler ultrasound study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 21:564–569PubMedCrossRef Sepulveda W, Rojas I, Robert JA et al (2003) Prenatal detection of velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord: a prospective color Doppler ultrasound study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 21:564–569PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sheiner E, Shoham-Vardi I, Hallak M, Hershkowitz R, Katz M, Mazor M (2001) Placenta previa: obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Med 10:414–419PubMedCrossRef Sheiner E, Shoham-Vardi I, Hallak M, Hershkowitz R, Katz M, Mazor M (2001) Placenta previa: obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Med 10:414–419PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Spirt BA, Gordon LP (2001) Sonography of the placenta. In: Fleischer A, Manning FA, Jeanty P, Romero R (Hrsg) Sonography in obstetrics and gynecology, principles and practice,6. Aufl. Mc Graw-Hill, New York, S. 195–224 Spirt BA, Gordon LP (2001) Sonography of the placenta. In: Fleischer A, Manning FA, Jeanty P, Romero R (Hrsg) Sonography in obstetrics and gynecology, principles and practice,6. Aufl. Mc Graw-Hill, New York, S. 195–224
Zurück zum Zitat Stupin JH, Heinrich W (2012) Geburtshilfe. Lösungsstörungen der Plazenta. Geburtsh Frauenheilk 72(2):102–105CrossRef Stupin JH, Heinrich W (2012) Geburtshilfe. Lösungsstörungen der Plazenta. Geburtsh Frauenheilk 72(2):102–105CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tariverdian G, Paul M (1999) Genetische Diagnostik in der Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie. Leitfaden für Klinik und Praxis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S. 195CrossRef Tariverdian G, Paul M (1999) Genetische Diagnostik in der Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie. Leitfaden für Klinik und Praxis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S. 195CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thame M, Osmond C, Benett F, Wilks R, Forrester T (2004) Fetal growth is directly related to maternal anthropomorphy and placental volume. Eur J Clin Nutr 58(6):894–900PubMedCrossRef Thame M, Osmond C, Benett F, Wilks R, Forrester T (2004) Fetal growth is directly related to maternal anthropomorphy and placental volume. Eur J Clin Nutr 58(6):894–900PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tikkanen M, Nuutila M, Hiilesmaa V et al (2006) Clinical presentation and risk factors of placental abruption. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85:700–705PubMedCrossRef Tikkanen M, Nuutila M, Hiilesmaa V et al (2006) Clinical presentation and risk factors of placental abruption. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85:700–705PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Timmermans S, Hof AC, Duvekot JJ (2007) Conservative management of abnormally invasive placentation. Obstet Gynecol Surv 62:529–539PubMedCrossRef Timmermans S, Hof AC, Duvekot JJ (2007) Conservative management of abnormally invasive placentation. Obstet Gynecol Surv 62:529–539PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A (1993) Diagnosis of placenta previa by transvaginal sonography. Ann Med 25:279–283PubMedCrossRef Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A (1993) Diagnosis of placenta previa by transvaginal sonography. Ann Med 25:279–283PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vegani P, Ornaghi S, Pozi I, Beretta P, Russo FM et al (2009) Placenta previa: distance to internal os and mode of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 201(3):266.e1–266.e5CrossRef Vegani P, Ornaghi S, Pozi I, Beretta P, Russo FM et al (2009) Placenta previa: distance to internal os and mode of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 201(3):266.e1–266.e5CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Walker MG, Hindmarsh PC, Geary M, Kingdom JCP (2010) Sonographic maturation of the placenta at 30 to 34 weeks is not associated with second trimester markers of placental insufficiency in Low-risk pregnancies. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 32:1134–1139PubMedCrossRef Walker MG, Hindmarsh PC, Geary M, Kingdom JCP (2010) Sonographic maturation of the placenta at 30 to 34 weeks is not associated with second trimester markers of placental insufficiency in Low-risk pregnancies. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 32:1134–1139PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wegrzyn P, Falcon O, Peralta CF, Nicolaides KH (2005) Placental volume measured by three-dimensional ultrasound at 11 to 13+6 weeks od gestation:relation to chromosomal defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26:28–32PubMedCrossRef Wegrzyn P, Falcon O, Peralta CF, Nicolaides KH (2005) Placental volume measured by three-dimensional ultrasound at 11 to 13+6 weeks od gestation:relation to chromosomal defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26:28–32PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wenworth P (1968) Circumvallate and circummarginate placentas: Their incidence and clinical significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 102:44CrossRef Wenworth P (1968) Circumvallate and circummarginate placentas: Their incidence and clinical significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 102:44CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wigglesworth JF (1969) Vascular anatomy of the human placenta and its significance for placental pathology. J Obstet Gynecol Br Commonw 76:979CrossRef Wigglesworth JF (1969) Vascular anatomy of the human placenta and its significance for placental pathology. J Obstet Gynecol Br Commonw 76:979CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson D, Paalman RJ (1967) Clinical significance of circumvallate placenta. Obstet Gynecol 29:774PubMed Wilson D, Paalman RJ (1967) Clinical significance of circumvallate placenta. Obstet Gynecol 29:774PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wing DA, Paul RH, Millar LK (1996) Management of the symptomatic placenta previa: a randomized, controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:806–811PubMedCrossRef Wing DA, Paul RH, Millar LK (1996) Management of the symptomatic placenta previa: a randomized, controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:806–811PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wolf H, Oosting H, Treffers PE (1989) Second-trimester placental volume measurement by ultrasound: prediction of fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160:120–126 Wolf H, Oosting H, Treffers PE (1989) Second-trimester placental volume measurement by ultrasound: prediction of fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160:120–126
Zurück zum Zitat Yang JI, Lim YK, Kim S (2006) Sonographic findings of placental lacunae and the prediction of adherent placenta in women with placenta praevia totalis and prior caesarean section. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 28:178–182PubMedCrossRef Yang JI, Lim YK, Kim S (2006) Sonographic findings of placental lacunae and the prediction of adherent placenta in women with placenta praevia totalis and prior caesarean section. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 28:178–182PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou Q, Lei XY, Xie Q, Cardoza JD (2005) Sonographic and Doppler imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease: a 12-year experience. J Ultrasound Med 24:15PubMedCrossRef Zhou Q, Lei XY, Xie Q, Cardoza JD (2005) Sonographic and Doppler imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease: a 12-year experience. J Ultrasound Med 24:15PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Pathologische Plazenta und Nabelschnur
verfasst von
Wolfgang Henrich, Prof. Dr. med.
Erich Hafner , Univ. Prof. Dr. med.
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29633-8_14

Update Gynäkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.