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Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

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16.01.2019 | Review

Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and after childbirth and its effect on urinary system and supportive structures assessed by objective measurement techniques

verfasst von: Ilaria Soave, Simona Scarani, Maddalena Mallozzi, Flavia Nobili, Roberto Marci, Donatella Caserta

Erschienen in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics | Ausgabe 3/2019

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Abstract

Purpose

During the second and the third trimesters of pregnancy and in the first 3 months following childbirth, about one-third of women experience urinary incontinence (UI). During pregnancy and after delivery, the strength of the pelvic floor muscles may decrease following hormonal and anatomical changes, facilitating musculoskeletal alterations that could lead to UI. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) consists in the repetition of one or more sets of voluntary contractions of the pelvic muscles. By building muscles volume, PFMT elevates the pelvic floor and the pelvic organs, closes the levator hiatus, reduces pubovisceral length and elevates the resting position of the bladder. Objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of PFMT for prevention and treatment of UI during pregnancy and after childbirth and its effect on urinary system and supportive structures assessed by objective measurement techniques.

Methods

The largest medical information databases (Medline–Pubmed, EMBASE, Lilacs, Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database) were searched using the medical subject heading terms “pelvic floor muscle training”, “prevention”, “urinary incontinence”, “urinary stress incontinence”, “objective measurement techniques”, “pregnancy, “exercise”, “postpartum” and “childbirth” in different combinations.

Results and conclusions

Overall, the quality of the studies was low. At the present time, there is insufficient evidence to state that PFMT is effective in preventing and treating UI during pregnancy and in the postpartum. However, based on the evidence provided by studies with large sample size, well-defined training protocols, high adherence rates and close follow-up, a PFMT program following general strength-training principles can be recommended both during pregnancy and in the postnatal period.

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Titel: Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and after childbirth and its effect on urinary system and supportive structures assessed by objective measurement techniques
verfasst von: Ilaria Soave
Simona Scarani
Maddalena Mallozzi
Flavia Nobili
Roberto Marci
Donatella Caserta
Publikationsdatum: 16.01.2019
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0932-0067
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0711
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-018-5036-6

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Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and after childbirth and its effect on urinary system and supportive structures assessed by objective measurement techniques

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results and conclusions

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Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results and conclusions

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