Introduction
Reciprocal Relations Between Job Demands, Work-Related PC, and Sleep Quality
Continuous Exposure to High Job Demands
Methods
Study Population
Measures
Analytic Strategy
Results
Descriptive Statistics
Final full-panel sample | Subsample continuous job demands | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
N
| % |
N
| % | |
Sex | ||||
Men | 1259 | 40.9 | 447 | 38.9 |
Women | 1821 | 59.1 | 702 | 61.1 |
Age | ||||
23–29 | 48 | 1.6 | 13 | 1.1 |
30–39 | 430 | 14.0 | 149 | 13.0 |
40–49 | 999 | 32.4 | 366 | 31.9 |
50–59 | 1299 | 42.2 | 498 | 43.3 |
60–71 | 304 | 9.9 | 123 | 10.7 |
Educational level | ||||
Compulsory | 311 | 10.1 | 124 | 10.8 |
2-year upper secondary/vocational training | 724 | 23.5 | 267 | 23.2 |
3- or 4-year upper secondary | 714 | 23.2 | 263 | 22.9 |
University or equivalent < 3 years | 451 | 14.6 | 169 | 14.7 |
University or equivalent ≥ 3 years | 880 | 28.6 | 326 | 28.4 |
Work schedule (at T1) | ||||
No shift work | 2817 | 91.5 | 1052 | 91.6 |
Shift work | 263 | 8.5 | 97 | 8.4 |
Occupation (at T1) | ||||
Legislators, senior officials, and managers | 230 | 7.6 | 82 | 7.2 |
Professionals | 756 | 24.9 | 277 | 24.4 |
Technicians and associate professionals | 860 | 28.3 | 320 | 28.2 |
Clerks | 269 | 8.9 | 98 | 8.6 |
Service workers and shop sales workers | 405 | 13.3 | 166 | 14.6 |
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers | 26 | 0.9 | 13 | 1.2 |
Craft and related trades workers | 246 | 8.1 | 93 | 8.2 |
Plant and machine operators and assemblers | 158 | 5.2 | 58 | 5.1 |
Elementary occupations | 89 | 2.9 | 28 | 2.5 |
Interrelations Between Job Demands, Work-Related PC, and Sleep Quality
Model | Model fit | Model comparison | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ
2 (df) | RMSEA | CFI | Model |
χ
2
| Model |
χ
2
| |
Model 0 | 1750.43 (112) | 0.069 | 0.923 | ||||
Model 1 (normal) | 1653.98 (105) | 0.069 | 0.927 | 1 vs. 0 | 96.44* | ||
Model 2 (reversed) | 1588.89 (105) | 0.068 | 0.930 | 2 vs. 0 | 161.53* | ||
Model 3 (reciprocal) | 1513.69 (98) | 0.068 | 0.933 | 3 vs. 0 | 236.73* | 3 vs. 2 | 75.20* |
Direction of effect | Type of effect | Standardized estimate | Unstandardized estimate (CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Job demands (T1) → PC (T2) → sleep disturbances (T3) | Indirect | 0.003* | 0.005* (0.003–0.008) |
Job demands → sleep disturbances | Total | 0.018 | 0.034 (− 0.023 to 0.092) |
Sleep disturbances (T1) → PC (T2) → job demands (T3) | Indirect | 0.005* | 0.003* (0.001–0.004) |
Sleep disturbances → job demands | Total | − 0.008 | − 0.004 (− 0.025 to 0.016) |
Job demands (T1) → PC (T2) → awakening problems (T3) | Indirect | 0.002* | 0.004* (0.001–0.007) |
Job demands → awakening problems | Total | 0.016 | 0.031 (− 0.029 to 0.093) |
Awakening problems (T1) → PC (T2) → job demands (T3) | Indirect | 0.002* | 0.004* (0.001–0.007) |
Awakening problems → job demands | Total | − 0.002 | 0.002 (− 0.019 to 0.023) |