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19.01.2019 | Original Article

Pharmacokinetic and cytokine profiles of melanoma patients with dabrafenib and trametinib-induced pyrexia

verfasst von: Hannah Yejin Kim, Janna K. Duong, Maria Gonzalez, Georgina V. Long, Alexander M. Menzies, Helen Rizos, Su Yin Lim, Jenny Lee, Alan V. Boddy

Erschienen in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology | Ausgabe 4/2019

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Abstract

Purpose

The combination of a BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and a MEK inhibitor trametinib (CombiDT) has improved outcomes compared with chemotherapy or BRAF inhibitor monotherapy in advanced BRAF V600E/K melanoma. However, CombiDT causes a high incidence of pyrexia and treatment interruptions. Pharmacokinetic analysis may provide an explanation for the pyrexia.

Methods

34 patients with Stage 3 BRAF V600 melanoma were treated with CombiDT on a clinical trial between August 2014 and June 2017. Plasma concentrations of drugs and metabolites were determined using validated LC–MS assays, in addition to analysis of a panel of cytokines.

Results

Pyrexia was experienced by 71% of the patients, with an additional 17% requiring dose interruption related to a pyrexia-like prodrome. Dabrafenib concentrations ranged from 4.0 to 4628 ng/ml and trametinib from 1.0 to 45 ng/ml in 34 patients. N-desmethyl-dabrafenib was the most prevalent metabolite, followed by carboxy- and hydroxy-dabrafenib. No definitive association between pyrexia and AUC or C_min of the drugs, or metabolites could be observed. The level of IL-1B at the early during treatment (EDT) (as a % of pre-treatment) was higher in the pyrexia group (median 109% (range 32–681%) than in the no-incidence group [56% (26–79%)] (p = 0.029). Similarly, the level of IL-6 at EDT was higher in the pyrexia group [181% (34-3156%) vs 73% (57–101%)] (p = 0.028).

Conclusions

No apparent associations between pyrexia and exposure to the drugs or metabolites could be observed. Greater elevations in IL-1B and IL-6 were observed in patients with pyrexia during the first week of treatment compared to those without pyrexia.

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Titel: Pharmacokinetic and cytokine profiles of melanoma patients with dabrafenib and trametinib-induced pyrexia
verfasst von: Hannah Yejin Kim
Janna K. Duong
Maria Gonzalez
Georgina V. Long
Alexander M. Menzies
Helen Rizos
Su Yin Lim
Jenny Lee
Alan V. Boddy
Publikationsdatum: 19.01.2019
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology / Ausgabe 4/2019
Print ISSN: 0344-5704
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-019-03780-y

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Pharmacokinetic and cytokine profiles of melanoma patients with dabrafenib and trametinib-induced pyrexia