Background
Methods
Overall approach
Newborns to 5-year-olds FDG pharmacokinetic data
Patient | Sex | Age (months) | Weight (kg) | Activity (MBq) | Acquisition time after injection (min) | Provisional/suspected diagnosis (reason for PET/CT examination) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F | 11 | 8.3 | 51.8 | 93 | Rhabdomyosarcomaa
|
2 | F | 16 | 10.4 | 57.3 | 83 | Neurofibromatosis 1 (abdominal/right flank pain) |
3 | F | 3 | 4.5 | 27.1 | 94 | Ewing’s sarcomab
|
4 | F | 4 | 7.3 | 38.4 | 79 | Suspected pelvic carcinoma |
5 | F | 10 | 5.9 | 31.0 | 69 | Retroperitoneal sarcoma s/p chemotherapy (assess for tumor activity) |
6 | F | 3 | 4.0 | 25.9 | 60 | Infantile adenocarcinomab
|
7 | F | 0.5 | 3.1 | 19.6 | 60 | Infantile myofibromatosisa
|
8 | F | 16 | 11.6 | 64.0 | 84 | Rhabdomyosarcomaa
|
9 | M | 6 | 10.0 | 58.8 | 126 | Suspected left scalp Ewing’s sarcoma |
10 | M | 9 | 7.7 | 44.4 | 97 | Suspected pheochromocytomaa
|
11 | M | 8 | 9.6 | 50.0 | 125 | Suspected malignant liver lesionb
|
12 | F | 36 | 12.4 | 80.3 | 74 | Rhabdomyosarcoma s/p therapya
|
13 | F | 36 | 12.0 | 69.5 | 86 | Rhabdomyosarcoma s/p therapyb
|
14 | F | 36 | 11.6 | 64.0 | 71 | Rhabdomyosarcoma s/p therapyb
|
15 | F | 12 | 9.1 | 51.0 | 66 | Infantile fibrosarcoma of pelvis s/p therapya
|
16 | M | 60 | 18.0 | 64.2 | 70 | Diffuse large B cell lymphoma stage IVa
|
17 | M | 7 | 8.6 | 30.6 | 78 | Hodgkin’s lymphoma s/p chemotherapya
|
18 | F | 48 | 16.0 | 91.2 | 81 | Localized Ewing’s sarcomaa
|
19 | M | 48 | 15.1 | 82.9 | 73 | Neurofibromatosis 1 (tumor activity evaluation) |
20 | F | 13 | 7.3 | 40.7 | 60 | Suspected malignant pelvic massb
|
21 | M | 24 | 12.4 | 81.2 | 85 | High-risk neuroblastoma s/p therapya
|
22 | M | 9 | 10.5 | 94.8 | 113 | Multifocal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lungs s/p chemotherapya
|
23 | F | 10 | 9.9 | 58.8 | 109 | B cell lymphomaa
|
24 | F | 7 | 8.1 | 48.1 | 117 | Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma s/p therapya
|
25 | F | 11 | 7.0 | 37.4 | 88 | Hepatoblastoma s/p chemotherapya
|
26 | F | 11 | 10.5 | 57.1 | 106 | Suspected left renal cell carcinomaa
|
27 | M | 23 | 12.6 | 79.1 | 89 | Suspected rhabdomyosarcoma |
28 | M | 24 | 12.7 | 75.6 | 69 | Right calf alveolar rhabdomyosarcomaa
|
29 | M | 36 | 13.8 | 81.4 | 117 | Stage IV neuroblastoma s/p therapya
|
30 | M | 36 | 14.3 | 74.0 | 83 | Stage IV neuroblastoma s/p therapya
|
31 | M | 48 | 21.7 | 121.4 | 82 | Rhabdomyosarcomaa
|
32 | M | 60 | 22.0 | 125.8 | 119 | Spinal neurofibromaa
|
33 | F | 60 | 20.1 | 116.6 | 81 | Suspected neck LN in thyroid cancerb
|
34 | M | 60 | 16.6 | 92.9 | 83 | Metastatic glomus tumora
|
35 | M | 60 | 16.8 | 96.9 | 75 | Malignant rhabdoid tumor s/p therapya
|
FDG compartmental model for premature infants
FDG compartmental model for 0- to 5-year-olds
Fits to organ concentration vs weight
Results
Parameter | Premature | 0- to 5-year-olds | Adults |
---|---|---|---|
Plasma to erythrocytes (k1) | 5.82E−02 | 5.31E−04 | 4.80E+00 |
Erythrocytes to plasma (k2) | 1.16E−01 | 6.88E+01 | 8.07E+00 |
Plasma to fast brain (k3) | 6.12E−02 | 3.70E−03 | 1.02E−01 |
Fast brain to plasma (k4) | 1.30E−01 | 1.00E−01 | 1.30E−01 |
Fast brain to slow brain (k5) | 6.62E−02 | 1.00E+00 | 6.20E−02 |
Slow brain to fast brain (k6) | 9.57E−04 | 9.57E−04 | 6.80E−03 |
Plasma to lungs (k7) | 7.20E−04 | 5.00E−06 | 1.70E−03 |
Lungs to plasma (k8) | 6.46E−04 | 6.50E−04 | – |
Plasma to heart wall (k9) | 1.72E−04 | 8.00E−07 | 5.30E−03 |
Heart wall to plasma (k10) | 1.16E−07 | 5.50E−01 | – |
Plasma to kidneys (k11) | 7.57E−04 | 2.75E−03 | – |
Kidneys to plasma (k12) | 2.26E−02 | 5.50E−02 | – |
Plasma to fast liver (k13) | 1.72E−02 | 2.00E−02 | 6.80E−02 |
Fast liver to plasma (k14) | 2.19E−02 | 3.00E+00 | 2.19E−01 |
Fast liver to slow liver (k15) | 1.20E−06 | 1.50E−03 | 1.80E−02 |
Plasma to fast “other” (k16) | 1.32E+00 | 4.20E−02 | 3.71E−01 |
Fast “other” to plasma (k17) | 2.76E+00 | 8.90E−02 | 1.02E−01 |
Fast “other” to slow “other” (k18) | 3.62E−03 | 9.47E−03 | 1.67E−02 |
Blood volume fraction in brain | 2.20E−02 | 1.35E−01 | 2.20E−01 |
Blood volume fraction in lungs | 9.00E−02 | 3.00E−02 | 1.50E−01 |
Blood volume fraction in heart | 2.50E−02 | 3.10E−02 | 6.90E−02 |
Blood volume fraction in liver | – | 9.80E−02 | 2.43E−01 |
Organ | TIAC (h) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Hays and Segall | Niven and Nahmias | Premature | 0- to 5-year-olds | |
Brain | 2.20E−01 ± 0.09 | 2.82E−01 ± 0.07 | 2.76E−01 | 1.15E−00 |
Lungs | 7.00E−02 ± 0.03 | 4.80E−02 ± 0.03 | 7.00E−02 | 1.90E−02 |
Heart wall | 1.30E−01 ± 0.06 | 1.80E−02 ± 0.01 | 2.70E−02 | 3.20E−02 |
Kidneys | – | 1.20E−02 ± 0.01 | 1.10E−02 | 4.60E−02 |
Liver | 1.50E−01 ± 0.05 | – | – | 1.09E−01 |
Organ | Fraction blood volume (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adults (ICRP 106) | Adults (Hays and Segall) | Premature | 0- to 5-year-olds | |
Brain | 1.2 | –a
| 2.2 | 13.5 |
Lungs | 12.5 | 15 | 9 | 3 |
Heart wall | 1.0 (same listed has coronary tissue) | 6.9 (includes coronary artery) | 2.5 | 3.1 |
Liver | 10 | 24.3 | – | 9.8 |
Organ | Coefficient value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
a
|
b
|
c
|
d
| |
Brain(60–81)
| 0.1118 | −0.454 | 3.4798 | −10.66 |
Brain(82–126)
| 0.0429 | −0.1151 | 999.8 | −5.4104 |
Lungs(60–81)
| −0.0163 | −0.5690 | 0.0765 | −0.9113 |
Lungs(82–126)
| 0.0023 | −0.2488 | 2.4618 | −2.9462 |
Heart wall(60–81)
| 0.7895 | −1.5323 | 3.1637 | −6.0397 |
Heart wall(82–126)
| 0.0514 | −0.7949 | 56.945 | −3.8659 |
Kidneys(60–81)
| 0.6594 | −1.3418 | 567.51 | −8.5901 |
Kidneys(82–126)
| 0.2427 | −1.0152 | 47.191 | −4.2647 |
Liver(60–81)
| −0.0011 | 0.2788 | 0.1163 | −0.9573 |
Liver(82–126)
| 0.0586 | −0.7806 | 62.2 | −4.9917 |