nach oben

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology

Erschienen in:

01.10.2014

Photosensitivity, Apoptosis, and Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Lupus Erythematosus: a Critical Review

verfasst von: Annegret Kuhn, Jörg Wenzel, Heiko Weyd

Erschienen in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology | Ausgabe 2/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The underlying pathomechanisms of lupus erythematosus (LE), a multifactorial autoimmune disease, remain elusive. Due to the clinical evidence demonstrating a clear relationship between ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and skin lesions of LE, photosensitivity has been proven to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Standardised photoprovocation with UVA and UVB irradiation has been shown to be a reliable model for evaluating photosensitivity in patients with cutaneous LE (CLE) and analysing the underlying medical conditions of the disease. In this respect, UV irradiation can cause aberrant induction of apoptosis in keratinocytes and contribute to the appearance of excessive apoptotic cells in the skin of CLE patients. Moreover, apoptotic cells that cannot be cleared by phagocytes may undergo secondary necrosis and release proinflammatory compounds and potential autoantigens, which may contribute to the inflammatory micromilieu that leads to formation of skin lesions in the disease. In addition to UV-mediated induction of apoptosis, the molecular and cellular factors that may cause the abnormal long-lasting photoreactivity in CLE include mediators of inflammation, such as cytokines and chemokines. In particular, interferons (IFNs) are important players in the early activation of the immune system and have a specific role in the immunological interface between the innate and the adaptive immune system. The fact that treatment with recombinant type I IFNs (α and β) can induce not only systemic organ manifestations but also LE-like skin lesions provides additional evidence for a pathogenetic role of these IFNs in the disease.

Gilliam JN, Sontheimer RD (1981) Distinctive cutaneous subsets in the spectrum of lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 4:471–475PubMed

Provost TT (2004) Nonspecific cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. In: Kuhn A, Lehmann P, Ruzicka T (eds) Cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 93–106

Schmitt V, Meuth AM, Amler S, Kuehn E, Haust M, Messer G et al (2010) Lupus erythematosus tumidus is a separate subtype of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 162:64–73PubMed

Kuhn A, Bein D, Bonsmann G (2009) The 100th anniversary of lupus erythematosus tumidus. Autoimmun Rev 8:441–448PubMed

Kuhn A, Ruzicka T (2004) Classification of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. In: Kuhn A, Lehmann P, Ruzicka T (eds) Cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Springer, Berlin, pp 53–58

Kim A, Chong BF (2013) Photosensitivity in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 29:4–11PubMedCentralPubMed

Kuhn A, Ruland V, Bonsmann G (2010) Photosensitivity, phototesting, and photoprotection in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus 19:1036–1046PubMed

Foering K, Chang AY, Piette EW, Cucchiara A, Okawa J, Werth VP (2013) Characterization of clinical photosensitivity in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 69:205–213PubMedCentralPubMed

Kuhn A, Sonntag M, Richter-Hintz D, Oslislo C, Megahed M, Ruzicka T et al (2001) Phototesting in lupus erythematosus: a 15-year experience. J Am Acad Dermatol 45:86–95PubMed

10.

Schmidt E, Tony HP, Brocker EB, Kneitz C (2007) Sun-induced life-threatening lupus nephritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1108:35–40PubMed

11.

Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rothfield NF et al (1982) The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 25:1271–1277PubMed

12.

Hochberg MC (1997) Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 40:1725PubMed

13.

Nyberg F, Hasan T, Puska P, Stephansson E, Hakkinen M, Ranki A et al (1997) Occurrence of polymorphous light eruption in lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 136:217–221PubMed

14.

Albrecht J, Berlin JA, Braverman IM, Callen JP, Connolly MK, Costner MI et al (2004) Dermatology position paper on the revision of the 1982 ACR criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 13:839–849PubMed

15.

Petri M, Orbai AM, Alarcon GS, Gordon C, Merrill JT, Fortin PR et al (2012) Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 64:2677–2686PubMedCentralPubMed

16.

Kuhn A, Beissert S (2005) Photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 38:519–529PubMed

17.

Epstein JH, Tuffanelli D, Dubois EL (1965) Light sensitivity and lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 91:483–485PubMed

18.

Cripps DJ, Rankin J (1973) Action spectra of lupus erythematosus and experimental immunofluorescence. Arch Dermatol 107:563–567PubMed

19.

Freeman RG, Knox JM, Owens DW (1969) Cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus induced by monochromatic light. Arch Dermatol 100:677–682PubMed

20.

Lehmann P, Hölzle E, von Kries R, Plewig G (1986) Lichtdiagnostische Verfahren bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf Photodermatosen. ZentrBl HuG 152:667–682

21.

Lehmann P, Hölzle E, Kind P, Goerz G, Plewig G (1990) Experimental reproduction of skin lesions in lupus erythematosus by UVA and UVB radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol 22:181–187PubMed

22.

Klein RS, Werth VP, Dowdy JC, Sayre RM (2009) Analysis of compact fluorescent lights for use by patients with photosensitive conditions. Photochem Photobiol 85:1004–1010PubMedCentralPubMed

23.

Klein RS, Sayre RM, Dowdy JC, Werth VP (2009) The risk of ultraviolet radiation exposure from indoor lamps in lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 8:320–324PubMedCentralPubMed

24.

Kuhn A, Wozniacka A, Szepietowski JC, Glaser R, Lehmann P, Haust M et al (2011) Photoprovocation in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a multicenter study evaluating a standardized protocol. J Investig Dermatol 131:1622–1630

25.

Ruland V, Haust M, Stilling RM, Amler S, Ruzicka T, Kuhn A (2013) Updated analysis of standardised photoprovocation in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res 65:767–776

26.

Vaux DL, Korsmeyer SJ (1999) Cell death in development. Cell 96:245–254PubMed

27.

Henson PM, Hume DA (2006) Apoptotic cell removal in development and tissue homeostasis. Trends Immunol 27:244–250PubMed

28.

Orrenius S (2007) Reactive oxygen species in mitochondria-mediated cell death. Drug Metab Rev 39:443–455PubMed

29.

Fadok VA, Voelker DR, Campbell PA, Cohen JJ, Bratton DL, Henson PM (1992) Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes triggers specific recognition and removal by macrophages. J Immunol 148:2207–2216PubMed

30.

Wyllie AH, Kerr JF, Currie AR (1980) Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. Int Rev Cytol 68:251–306PubMed

31.

Nagata S, Hanayama R, Kawane K (2010) Autoimmunity and the clearance of dead cells. Cell 140:619–630PubMed

32.

Parnaik R, Raff MC, Scholes J (2000) Differences between the clearance of apoptotic cells by professional and non-professional phagocytes. Curr Biol 10:857–860

33.

Franz S, Gaipl US, Munoz LE, Sheriff A, Beer A, Kalden JR et al (2006) Apoptosis and autoimmunity: when apoptotic cells break their silence. Curr Rheumatol Rep 8:245–247PubMed

34.

Coleman ML, Sahai EA, Yeo M, Bosch M, Dewar A, Olson MF (2001) Membrane blebbing during apoptosis results from caspase-mediated activation of ROCK I. Nat Cell Biol 3:339–345PubMed

35.

Enari M, Sakahira H, Yokoyama H, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, Nagata S (1998) A caspase-activated DNase that degrades DNA during apoptosis, and its inhibitor ICAD. Nature 391:43–50PubMed

36.

Suzuki J, Denning DP, Imanishi E, Horvitz HR, Nagata S (2013) Xk-related protein 8 and CED-8 promote phosphatidylserine exposure in apoptotic cells. Science 341:403–406PubMed

37.

Walczak H (2013) Death receptor-ligand systems in cancer, cell death, and inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5:a008698PubMed

38.

Lavrik IN, Krammer PH (2012) Regulation of CD95/Fas signaling at the DISC. Cell Death Differ 19:36–41PubMedCentralPubMed

39.

Willis SN, Adams JM (2005) Life in the balance: how BH3-only proteins induce apoptosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:617–625PubMedCentralPubMed

40.

Li H, Zhu H, Xu CJ, Yuan J (1998) Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis. Cell 94:491–501PubMed

41.

Muller M, Wilder S, Bannasch D, Israeli D, Lehlbach K, Li-Weber M et al (1998) p53 activates the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) gene in response to DNA damage by anticancer drugs. J Exp Med 188:2033–2045PubMedCentralPubMed

42.

Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR (1972) Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 26:239–257PubMedCentralPubMed

43.

Kono H, Rock KL (2008) How dying cells alert the immune system to danger. Nat Rev Immunol 8:279–289PubMedCentralPubMed

44.

Hochreiter-Hufford A, Ravichandran KS (2013) Clearing the dead: apoptotic cell sensing, recognition, engulfment, and digestion. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5:a008748PubMed

45.

Lauber K, Bohn E, Krober SM, Xiao YJ, Blumenthal SG, Lindemann RK et al (2003) Apoptotic cells induce migration of phagocytes via caspase-3-mediated release of a lipid attraction signal. Cell 113:717–730PubMed

46.

Truman LA, Ford CA, Pasikowska M, Pound JD, Wilkinson SJ, Dumitriu IE et al (2008) CX3CL1/fractalkine is released from apoptotic lymphocytes to stimulate macrophage chemotaxis. Blood 112:5026–5036PubMed

47.

Gude DR, Alvarez SE, Paugh SW, Mitra P, Yu J, Griffiths R et al (2008) Apoptosis induces expression of sphingosine kinase 1 to release sphingosine-1-phosphate as a “come-and-get-me” signal. FASEB J 22:2629–2638PubMedCentralPubMed

48.

Elliott MR, Chekeni FB, Trampont PC, Lazarowski ER, Kadl A, Walk SF et al (2009) Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance. Nature 461:282–286PubMedCentralPubMed

49.

Diaz C, Schroit AJ (1996) Role of translocases in the generation of phosphatidylserine asymmetry. J Membr Biol 151:1–9PubMed

50.

Miyanishi M, Tada K, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Kitamura T, Nagata S (2007) Identification of Tim4 as a phosphatidylserine receptor. Nature 450:435–439PubMed

51.

Park D, Tosello-Trampont AC, Elliott MR, Lu M, Haney LB, Ma Z et al (2007) BAI1 is an engulfment receptor for apoptotic cells upstream of the ELMO/Dock180/Rac module. Nature 450:430–434PubMed

52.

Park SY, Jung MY, Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Kim SY, Lee BH et al (2008) Rapid cell corpse clearance by stabilin-2, a membrane phosphatidylserine receptor. Cell Death Differ 15:192–201PubMed

53.

Kobayashi N, Karisola P, Pena-Cruz V, Dorfman DM, Jinushi M, Umetsu SE et al (2007) TIM-1 and TIM-4 glycoproteins bind phosphatidylserine and mediate uptake of apoptotic cells. Immunity 27:927–940PubMedCentralPubMed

54.

Nakayama M, Akiba H, Takeda K, Kojima Y, Hashiguchi M, Azuma M et al (2009) Tim-3 mediates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cross-presentation. Blood 113:3821–3830PubMed

55.

Hanayama R, Tanaka M, Miwa K, Shinohara A, Iwamatsu A, Nagata S (2002) Identification of a factor that links apoptotic cells to phagocytes. Nature 417:182–187PubMed

56.

Nakano T, Ishimoto Y, Kishino J, Umeda M, Inoue K, Nagata K et al (1997) Cell adhesion to phosphatidylserine mediated by a product of growth arrest-specific gene 6. J Biol Chem 272:29411–29414PubMed

57.

Anderson HA, Maylock CA, Williams JA, Paweletz CP, Shu H, Shacter E (2003) Serum-derived protein S binds to phosphatidylserine and stimulates the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Nat Immunol 4:87–91PubMed

58.

Savill J, Hogg N, Ren Y, Haslett C (1992) Thrombospondin cooperates with CD36 and the vitronectin receptor in macrophage recognition of neutrophils undergoing apoptosis. J Clin Invest 90:1513–1522PubMedCentralPubMed

59.

Takizawa F, Tsuji S, Nagasawa S (1996) Enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis upon iC3b deposition on apoptotic cells. FEBS Lett 397:269–272PubMed

60.

Chen Y, Park YB, Patel E, Silverman GJ (2009) IgM antibodies to apoptosis-associated determinants recruit C1q and enhance dendritic cell phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. J Immunol 182:6031–6043PubMed

61.

Eda S, Yamanaka M, Beppu M (2004) Carbohydrate-mediated phagocytic recognition of early apoptotic cells undergoing transient capping of CD43 glycoprotein. J Biol Chem 279:5967–5974PubMed

62.

Chang MK, Bergmark C, Laurila A, Horkko S, Han KH, Friedman P et al (1999) Monoclonal antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein bind to apoptotic cells and inhibit their phagocytosis by elicited macrophages: evidence that oxidation-specific epitopes mediate macrophage recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:6353–6358PubMedCentralPubMed

63.

Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Konowal A, Freed PW, Westcott JY, Henson PM (1998) Macrophages that have ingested apoptotic cells in vitro inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF. J Clin Invest 101:890–898PubMedCentralPubMed

64.

Voll RE, Herrmann M, Roth EA, Stach C, Kalden JR, Girkontaite I (1997) Immunosuppressive effects of apoptotic cells. Nature 390:350–351PubMed

65.

Huynh ML, Fadok VA, Henson PM (2002) Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingestion of apoptotic cells promotes TGF-beta1 secretion and the resolution of inflammation. J Clin Invest 109:41–50PubMedCentralPubMed

66.

Stuart LM, Lucas M, Simpson C, Lamb J, Savill J, Lacy-Hulbert A (2002) Inhibitory effects of apoptotic cell ingestion upon endotoxin-driven myeloid dendritic cell maturation. J Immunol 168:1627–1635PubMed

67.

Weyd H, Abeler-Dorner L, Linke B, Mahr A, Jahndel V, Pfrang S et al (2013) Annexin A1 on the surface of early apoptotic cells suppresses CD8+ T cell immunity. PLoS One 8:e62449PubMedCentralPubMed

68.

Ferguson TA, Herndon J, Elzey B, Griffith TS, Schoenberger S, Green DR (2002) Uptake of apoptotic antigen-coupled cells by lymphoid dendritic cells and cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells produce active immune unresponsiveness. J Immunol 168:5589–5595PubMed

69.

Getts DR, Turley DM, Smith CE, Harp CT, McCarthy D, Feeney EM et al (2011) Tolerance induced by apoptotic antigen-coupled leukocytes is induced by PD-L1+ and IL-10-producing splenic macrophages and maintained by T regulatory cells. J Immunol 187:2405–2417

70.

Hugues S, Mougneau E, Ferlin W, Jeske D, Hofman P, Homann D et al (2002) Tolerance to islet antigens and prevention from diabetes induced by limited apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells. Immunity 16:169–181PubMed

71.

Tomimori Y, Ikawa Y, Oyaizu N (2000) Ultraviolet-irradiated apoptotic lymphocytes produce interleukin-10 by themselves. Immunol Lett 71:49–54PubMed

72.

Chen W, Frank ME, Jin W, Wahl SM (2001) TGF-beta released by apoptotic T cells contributes to an immunosuppressive milieu. Immunity 14:715–725PubMed

73.

Kim S, Elkon KB, Ma X (2004) Transcriptional suppression of interleukin-12 gene expression following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Immunity 21:643–653PubMed

74.

Skoberne M, Somersan S, Almodovar W, Truong T, Petrova K, Henson PM et al (2006) The apoptotic-cell receptor CR3, but not alphavbeta5, is a regulator of human dendritic-cell immunostimulatory function. Blood 108:947–955PubMedCentralPubMed

75.

Wallet MA, Sen P, Flores RR, Wang Y, Yi Z, Huang Y et al (2008) MerTK is required for apoptotic cell-induced T cell tolerance. J Exp Med 205:219–232PubMedCentralPubMed

76.

AG N, Bensinger SJ, Hong C, Beceiro S, Bradley MN, Zelcer N et al (2009) Apoptotic cells promote their own clearance and immune tolerance through activation of the nuclear receptor LXR. Immunity 31:245–258

77.

Perretti M, Ahluwalia A, Harris JG, Harris HJ, Wheller SK, Flower RJ (1996) Acute inflammatory response in the mouse: exacerbation by immunoneutralization of lipocortin 1. Br J Pharmacol 117:1145–1154PubMedCentralPubMed

78.

Blume KE, Soeroes S, Waibel M, Keppeler H, Wesselborg S, Herrmann M et al (2009) Cell surface externalization of annexin A1 as a failsafe mechanism preventing inflammatory responses during secondary necrosis. J Immunol 183:8138–8147PubMed

79.

Pupjalis D, Goetsch J, Kottas DJ, Gerke V, Rescher U (2011) Annexin A1 released from apoptotic cells acts through formyl peptide receptors to dampen inflammatory monocyte activation via JAK/STAT/SOCS signalling. EMBO Mol Med 3:102–114PubMedCentralPubMed

80.

Baumann I, Kolowos W, Voll RE, Manger B, Gaipl U, Neuhuber WL et al (2002) Impaired uptake of apoptotic cells into tingible body macrophages in germinal centers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 46:191–201PubMed

81.

Kuhn A, Herrmann M, Kleber S, Beckmann-Welle M, Fehsel K, Martin-Villalba A et al (2006) Accumulation of apoptotic cells in the epidermis of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus after ultraviolet irradiation. Arthritis Rheum 54:939–950PubMed

82.

Midgley A, McLaren Z, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Beresford MW (2009) The role of neutrophil apoptosis in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 60:2390–2401PubMed

83.

Manea ME, Mueller RB, Dejica D, Sheriff A, Schett G, Herrmann M et al (2009) Increased expression of CD154 and FAS in SLE patients’ lymphocytes. Rheumatol Int 30:181–185PubMed

84.

Sahebari M, Rezaieyazdi Z, Nakhjavani MJ, Hatef M, Mahmoudi M, Akhlaghi S (2012) Correlation between serum concentrations of soluble Fas (CD95/Apo-1) and IL-18 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 32:601–606PubMed

85.

Toberer F, Sykora J, Goettel D, Hartschuh W, Werchau S, Enk A et al (2013) Apoptotic signal molecules in skin biopsies of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: analysis using tissue microarray. Exp Dermatol 22:656–659

86.

Viard-Leveugle I, Bullani RR, Meda P, Micheau O, Limat A, Saurat JH et al (2003) Intracellular localization of keratinocyte Fas ligand explains lack of cytolytic activity under physiological conditions. J Biol Chem 278:16183–16188PubMed

87.

Bennett M, Macdonald K, Chan SW, Luzio JP, Simari R, Weissberg P (1998) Cell surface trafficking of Fas: a rapid mechanism of p53-mediated apoptosis. Science 5387:290–293

88.

Daniels F Jr, Brophy D, Lobitz WC Jr (1961) Histochemical responses of human skin following ultraviolet irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 37:351–357PubMed

89.

Matsunaga T, Hieda K, Nikaido O (1991) Wavelength dependent formation of thymine dimers and (6–4) photoproducts in DNA by monochromatic ultraviolet light ranging from 150 to 365 nm. Photochem Photobiol 54:403–410PubMed

90.

Bates S, Vousden KH (1999) Mechanisms of p53-mediated apoptosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 55:28–37PubMed

91.

Rehemtulla A, Hamilton CA, Chinnaiyan AM, Dixit VM (1997) Ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of CD-95 (Fas/APO-1). J Biol Chem 272:25783–25786PubMed

92.

Assefa Z, Garmyn M, Vantieghem A, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P, Vandenheede JR et al (2003) Ultraviolet B radiation-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes: cytosolic activation of procaspase-8 and the role of Bcl-2. FEBS Lett 540:125–132PubMed

93.

Assefa Z, Vantieghem A, Garmyn M, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P, Vandenheede JR et al (2000) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates a novel, caspase-independent pathway for the mitochondrial cytochrome c release in ultraviolet B radiation-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 275:21416–21421PubMed

94.

Herrmann M, Voll RE, Zoller OM, Hagenhofer M, Ponner BB, Kalden JR (1998) Impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cell material by monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 41:1241–1250PubMed

95.

Hanayama R, Tanaka M, Miyasaka K, Aozasa K, Koike M, Uchiyama Y et al (2004) Autoimmune disease and impaired uptake of apoptotic cells in MFG-E8-deficient mice. Science 304:1147–1150PubMed

96.

Pickering MC, Botto M, Taylor PR, Lachmann PJ, Walport MJ (2000) Systemic lupus erythematosus, complement deficiency, and apoptosis. Adv Immunol 76:227–324PubMed

97.

Casciola-Rosen LA, Anhalt G, Rosen A (1994) Autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus are clustered in two populations of surface structures on apoptotic keratinocytes. J Exp Med 179:1317–1330PubMed

98.

Ronnblom L, Eloranta ML, Alm GV (2006) The type I interferon system in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 54:408–420PubMed

99.

Lauber K, Keppeler H, Munoz LE, Koppe U, Schroder K, Yamaguchi H et al (2013) Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 mediates the enhancement of apoptotic cell clearance by glucocorticoids. Cell Death Differ 20:1230–1240PubMedCentralPubMed

100.

Abeler-Dörner L, Rieger CC, Berger B, Weyd H, Gräf D, Pfrang S et al (2013) Interferon-α abrogates the suppressive effect of apoptotic cells on dendritic cells in an in vitro model of systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. J Rheumatol 40:1683–1696

101.

George PM, Badiger R, Alazawi W, Foster GR, Mitchell JA (2012) Pharmacology and therapeutic potential of interferons. Pharmacol Ther 135:44–53PubMed

102.

Arur S, Uche UE, Rezaul K, Fong M, Scranton V, Cowan AE et al (2003) Annexin I is an endogenous ligand that mediates apoptotic cell engulfment. Dev Cell 4:587–598PubMed

103.

Scannell M, Flanagan MB, deStefani A, Wynne KJ, Cagney G, Godson C et al (2007) Annexin-1 and peptide derivatives are released by apoptotic cells and stimulate phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages. J Immunol 178:4595–4605PubMed

104.

Szodoray P, Tarr T, Tumpek J, Kappelmayer J, Lakos G, Poor G et al (2009) Identification of rare anti-phospholipid/protein co-factor autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 42:497–506

105.

Kretz CC, Norpo M, Abeler-Dorner L, Linke B, Haust M, Edler L et al (2010) Anti-annexin 1 antibodies: a new diagnostic marker in the serum of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus. Exp Dermatol 19:919–921PubMed

106.

Lindenmann J (2007) Interferon and before. J Interferon Cytokine Res 27:2–5PubMed

107.

Agmon-Levin N, Blank M, Paz Z, Shoenfeld Y (2009) Molecular mimicry in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 18:1181–1185PubMed

108.

Elkon KB, Wiedeman A (2012) Type I IFN system in the development and manifestations of SLE. Curr Opin Rheumatol 24:499–505PubMed

109.

Hagberg N, Berggren O, Leonard D, Weber G, Bryceson YT, Alm GV et al (2011) IFN-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells stimulated with RNA-containing immune complexes is promoted by NK cells via MIP-1beta and LFA-1. J Immunol 186:5085–5094PubMed

110.

Gehrke N, Mertens C, Zillinger T, Wenzel J, Bald T, Zahn S et al (2013) Oxidative damage of DNA confers resistance to cytosolic nuclease TREX1 degradation and potentiates STING-dependent immune sensing. Immunity 39:482–495PubMed

111.

Ronnblom LE, Alm GV, Oberg KE (1990) Possible induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by interferon-alpha treatment in a patient with a malignant carcinoid tumour. J Intern Med 227:207–210PubMed

112.

Ronnblom L, Alm GV, Eloranta ML (2011) The type I interferon system in the development of lupus. Semin Immunol 23:113–121PubMed

113.

Dall’era MC, Cardarelli PM, Preston BT, Witte A, Davis JC Jr (2005) Type I interferon correlates with serological and clinical manifestations of SLE. Ann Rheum Dis 64:1692–1697PubMedCentralPubMed

114.

Ronnblom L, Alm GV (2001) An etiopathogenic role for the type I IFN system in SLE. Trends Immunol 22:427–431PubMed

115.

Baechler EC, Batliwalla FM, Karypis G, Gaffney PM, Ortmann WA, Espe KJ et al (2003) Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:2610–2615PubMedCentralPubMed

116.

Bennett L, Palucka AK, Arce E, Cantrell V, Borvak J, Banchereau J et al (2003) Interferon and granulopoiesis signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus blood. J Exp Med 197:711–723PubMedCentralPubMed

117.

Fah J, Pavlovic J, Burg G (1995) Expression of MxA protein in inflammatory dermatoses. J Histochem Cytochem 43:47–52PubMed

118.

Freutel S, Gaffal E, Zahn S, Bieber T, Tuting T, Wenzel J (2011) Enhanced CCR5+/CCR3+ T helper cell ratio in patients with active cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus 20:1300–1304PubMed

119.

Wenzel J, Tuting T (2008) An IFN-associated cytotoxic cellular immune response against viral, self-, or tumor antigens is a common pathogenetic feature in “interface dermatitis”. J Invest Dermatol 128:2392–2402PubMed

120.

Guiducci C, Tripodo C, Gong M, Sangaletti S, Colombo MP, Coffman RL et al (2010) Autoimmune skin inflammation is dependent on plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation by nucleic acids via TLR7 and TLR9. J Exp Med 207:2931–2942PubMedCentralPubMed

121.

Arrue I, Saiz A, Ortiz-Romero PL, Rodriguez-Peralto JL (2007) Lupus-like reaction to interferon at the injection site: report of five cases. J Cutan Pathol 34(Suppl 1):18–21PubMed

122.

Wenzel J, Zahn S, Mikus S, Wiechert A, Bieber T, Tuting T (2007) The expression pattern of interferon-inducible proteins reflects the characteristic histological distribution of infiltrating immune cells in different cutaneous lupus erythematosus subsets. Br J Dermatol 157:752–757PubMed

123.

Tomasini D, Mentzel T, Hantschke M, Cerri A, Paredes B, Rutten A et al (2010) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: an overview of their presence and distribution in different inflammatory skin diseases, with special emphasis on Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol 37:1132–1139PubMed

124.

Wenzel J, Tuting T (2007) Identification of type I interferon-associated inflammation in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus opens up options for novel therapeutic approaches. Exp Dermatol 16:454–463PubMed

125.

Zahn S, Rehkamper C, Kummerer BM, Ferring-Schmidt S, Bieber T, Tuting T et al (2011) Evidence for a pathophysiological role of keratinocyte-derived type III interferon (IFNlambda) in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol 131:133–140PubMed

126.

Bose A, Baral R (2007) IFNalpha2b stimulated release of IFNgamma differentially regulates T cell and NK cell mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity. Immunol Lett 108:68–77PubMed

127.

Zella D, Barabitskaja O, Casareto L, Romerio F, Secchiero P, Reitz MS Jr et al (1999) Recombinant IFN-alpha (2b) increases the expression of apoptosis receptor CD95 and chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR3 in monocytoid cells. J Immunol 163:3169–3175PubMed

128.

Zahn S, Rehkamper C, Ferring-Schmitt S, Bieber T, Tuting T, Wenzel J (2011) Interferon-alpha stimulates TRAIL expression in human keratinocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells: implications for the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 165:1118–1123PubMed

129.

Zampieri S, Alaibac M, Iaccarino L, Rondinone R, Ghirardello A, Sarzi-Puttini P et al (2006) Tumour necrosis factor alpha is expressed in refractory skin lesions from patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 65:545–548PubMedCentralPubMed

130.

Norman R, Greenberg RG, Jackson JM (2006) Case reports of etanercept in inflammatory dermatoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 54:S139–S142PubMed

131.

Vedove CD, Del Giglio M, Schena D, Girolomoni G (2009) Drug-induced lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol Res 301:99–105PubMed

132.

Fiorentino DF (2007) The Yin and Yang of TNF-{alpha} inhibition. Arch Dermatol 143:233–236PubMed

133.

Aringer M, Burkhardt H, Burmester GR, Fischer-Betz R, Fleck M, Graninger W et al (2012) Current state of evidence on ‘off-label’ therapeutic options for systemic lupus erythematosus, including biological immunosuppressive agents, in Germany, Austria and Switzerland—a consensus report. Lupus 21:386–401PubMed

134.

Kuhn A, Ochsendorf F, Bonsmann G (2010) Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lupus 19:1125–1136PubMed

135.

Ochsendorf FR (2010) Use of antimalarials in dermatology. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 8:829–844, quiz 45PubMed

136.

Kuhn A, Ruland V, Bonsmann G (2011) Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: update of therapeutic options. Part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:e179–e193PubMed

137.

Patsinakidis N, Wenzel J, Landmann A, Koch R, Gerss J, Luger TA et al (2012) Suppression of UV-induced damage by a liposomal sunscreen: a prospective, open-label study in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and healthy controls. Exp Dermatol 21:958–961PubMed

138.

Baker VS, Imade GE, Molta NB, Tawde P, Pam SD, Obadofin MO et al (2008) Cytokine-associated neutrophil extracellular traps and antinuclear antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum infected children under six years of age. Malar J 7:41PubMedCentralPubMed

139.

Sharma S, DeOliveira RB, Kalantari P, Parroche P, Goutagny N, Jiang Z et al (2011) Innate immune recognition of an AT-rich stem-loop DNA motif in the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Immunity 35:194–207PubMedCentralPubMed

140.

Kuznik A, Bencina M, Svajger U, Jeras M, Rozman B, Jerala R (2011) Mechanism of endosomal TLR inhibition by antimalarial drugs and imidazoquinolines. J Immunol 186:4794–4804PubMed

141.

Chang AY, Piette EW, Foering KP, Tenhave TR, Okawa J, Werth VP (2011) Response to antimalarial agents in cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a prospective analysis. Arch Dermatol 147:1261–1267PubMedCentralPubMed

142.

Baima B, Sticherling M (2001) Apoptosis in different cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 144:958–966PubMed

143.

Petri M, Wallace DJ, Spindler A, Chindalore V, Kalunian K, Mysler E et al (2013) Sifalimumab, a human anti-interferon-alpha monoclonal antibody, in systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase I randomized, controlled, dose-escalation study. Arthritis Rheum 65:1011–1021PubMedCentralPubMed

144.

Wang B, Higgs BW, Chang L, Vainshtein I, Liu Z, Streicher K et al (2013) Pharmacogenomics and translational simulations to bridge indications for an anti-interferon-alpha receptor antibody. Clin Pharmacol Ther 93:483–492PubMed

145.

Meyer O (2012) Interferon-alpha as a treatment target in systemic lupus erythematosus. Jt Bone Spine 79:113–116

146.

Kubo S, Yamaoka K, Kondo M, Yamagata K, Zhao J, Iwata S et al (2013) The JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, reduces the T cell stimulatory capacity of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Ann Rheum Dis. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203756

147.

Wolska H, Blaszczyk M, Jablonska S (1989) Phototests in patients with various forms of lupus erythematosus. Int J Dermatol 28:98–103PubMed

148.

van Weelden H, Velthuis PJ, Baart de la Faille H (1989) Light-induced skin lesions in lupus erythematosus: photobiological studies. Arch Dermatol 281:470–474

149.

Beutner EH, Blaszczyk M, Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Vijay K, Wolska H (1991) Studies on criteria of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology for the classification of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Int J Dermatol 30:411–417PubMed

150.

Kind P, Lehmann P, Plewig G (1993) Phototesting in lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol 100:53S–57SPubMed

151.

Nived O, Johansen PB, Sturfelt G (1993) Standardized ultraviolet-A exposure provoces skin reaction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2:247–250PubMed

152.

Bensaid P, Vaillant L, Esteve E, Machet MC, Machet L, Lorette G (1995) Photobiological study of lupus erythematosus. Ann Dermatol Venereol 122:84–89PubMed

153.

Walchner M, Messer G, Kind P (1997) Phototesting and photoprotection in LE. Lupus 6:167–174PubMed

154.

Hasan T, Nyberg F, Stephansson E, Puska P, Hakkinen M, Sarna S et al (1997) Photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus, UV photoprovocation results compared with history of photosensitivity and clinical findings. Br J Dermatol 136:699–705PubMed

155.

Leenutaphong V, Boonchai W (1999) Phototesting in oriental patients with lupus erythematosus. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 15:7–12PubMed

156.

Kuhn A, Sonntag M, Richter-Hintz D, Oslislo C, Megahed M, Ruzicka T et al (2001) Phototesting in lupus erythematosus tumidus—review of 60 patients. Photochem Photobiol 73:532–536PubMed

157.

Sanders CJ, Van Weelden H, Kazzaz GA, Sigurdsson V, Toonstra J, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA (2003) Photosensitivity in patients with lupus erythematosus: a clinical and photobiological study of 100 patients using a prolonged phototest protocol. Br J Dermatol 149:131–137PubMed

158.

Choonhakarn C, Poonsriaram A, Chaivoramukul J (2004) Lupus erythematosus tumidus. Int J Dermatol 43:815–818PubMed

Titel: Photosensitivity, Apoptosis, and Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Lupus Erythematosus: a Critical Review
verfasst von: Annegret Kuhn
Jörg Wenzel
Heiko Weyd
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2014
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology / Ausgabe 2/2014
Print ISSN: 1080-0549
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0267
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-013-8403-x

Update HNO

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Photosensitivity, Apoptosis, and Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Lupus Erythematosus: a Critical Review

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet HNO

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

Nur selten Nachblutungen nach Abszesstonsillektomie

Rezidivierender Peritonsillarabszess nach Oralsex

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

Update HNO

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2014

Inhibition of the Interleukin-6 Signaling Pathway: A Strategy to Induce Immune Tolerance

Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes: a Critical Review

NK Cell Trafficking in Health and Autoimmunity:A Comprehensive Review

Epigenetic Alterations and MicroRNA Misexpression in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases: a Critical Review

The Mechanisms and Applications of T Cell Vaccination for Autoimmune Diseases: a Comprehensive Review

Molecular Biology of Atopic Dermatitis

Neu im Fachgebiet HNO

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

Nur selten Nachblutungen nach Abszesstonsillektomie

Rezidivierender Peritonsillarabszess nach Oralsex

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

Update HNO