Introduction
Methods
Study design
Anthropometric measurements
Physical activity
Assessment of covariates
Statistics
Results
Characteristic | Activity category | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Inactive | Moderately inactive | Moderately active | Active | |
Men | ||||
n
| 1,125 | 1,854 | 1,533 | 1,497 |
Diabetes incidencea
| 5.78 | 5.93 | 5.36 | 4.14 |
Age (years) | 55.4 ± 9.2 | 53.2 ± 8.6 | 52.2 ± 8.6 | 51.43 ± 8.8 |
Height (cm) | 173.6 ± 7.5 | 174.4 ± 7.2 | 174.1 ± 7.5 | 173.80 ± 7.50 |
Weight (kg) | 81.5 ± 12.2 | 80.9 ± 11.5 | 80.4 ± 11.8 | 80.14 ± 11.6 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.0 ± 3.7 | 26.6 ± 3.5 | 26.5 ± 3.7 | 26.54 ± 3.53 |
Waist (cm) | 97.6 ± 10.6 | 95.4 ± 10.0 | 94.6 ± 9.8 | 93.82 ± 9.8 |
Energy intake (kJ/day) | 9,790 ± 2,642 | 10,202 ± 2,643 | 10,382 ± 2,642 | 10,957 ± 2,870 |
Alcohol (g/day) | 18.1 ± 22.6 | 22.3 ± 24.0 | 22.4 ± 23.8 | 23.1 ± 24.0 |
School level, n (%) | ||||
None (n = 334) | 61 (5.51) | 95 (5.17) | 92 (6.03) | 86 (5.80) |
Primary (n = 2,039) | 390 (35.23) | 552 (30.07) | 519 (34.03) | 578 (38.95) |
Technical/professional (n = 1,350) | 231 (20.87) | 385 (20.97) | 347 (22.75) | 387 (26.08) |
Other secondary (n = 788) | 151 (13.64) | 261 (14.22) | 217 (14.23) | 159 (10.71) |
Higher (n = 1,441) | 274 (24.75) | 543 (29.58) | 350 (22.95) | 274 (18.46) |
Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
Never (n = 1,896) | 315 (28.05) | 593 (32.12) | 502 (33.00) | 486 (32.57) |
Ex (n = 2,195) | 397 (35.35) | 692 (37.49) | 548 (36.03) | 558 (37.40) |
Current (n = 1,891) | 411 (36.60) | 561 (30.39) | 471 (30.97) | 448 (30.03) |
Hypertension, n (%) | ||||
No (n = 4,664) | 844 (77.01) | 1,418 (78.65) | 1,217 (81.68) | 1,185 (83.80) |
Yes (n = 1,139) | 255 (22.99) | 385 (21.35) | 273 (18.32) | 229 (16.20) |
Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | ||||
No (n = 3,198) | 572 (77.09) | 973 (73.38) | 828 (75.62) | 825 (76.96) |
Yes (n = 1,037) | 170 (22.91) | 353 (26.62) | 267 (24.38) | 247 (23.04) |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | ||||
No (n = 5,716) | 1,025 (96.06) | 1,756 (97.45) | 1,487 (97.89) | 1,448 (97.64) |
Yes (n = 155) | 42 (3.94) | 46 (2.55) | 32 (2.11) | 35 (2.36) |
Stroke, n (%) | ||||
No (n = 5,327) | 899 (97.29) | 1,684 (99.29) | 1,358 (98.98) | 1,386 (98.86) |
Yes (n = 67) | 25 (2.71) | 12 (0.71) | 14 (1.02) | 16 (1.14) |
Women | ||||
n
| 2,676 | 3,487 | 2,069 | 1,693 |
Diabetes incidencea
| 4.57 | 3.03 | 2.57 | 2.54 |
Age (years) | 52.6 ± 9.7 | 52.4 ± 9.3 | 51.5 ± 8.8 | 51.7 ± 8.9 |
Height (cm) | 159.1 ± 6.7 | 161.4 ± 6.5 | 162.9 ± 6.4 | 163.4 ± 6.4 |
Weight (kg) | 68.2 ± 12.4 | 66.4 ± 11.5 | 65.9 ± 11.3 | 66.3 ± 10.9 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.0 ± 4.9 | 25.5 ± 4.4 | 24.9 ± 4.1 | 24.8 ± 4.0 |
Waist (cm) | 84.7 ± 11.7 | 80.9 ± 11.2 | 78.9 ± 10.4 | 79.3 ± 10.2 |
Energy intake (kJ/day) | 8,023 ± 2,315 | 8,068 ± 2,150 | 8,138 ± 2,170 | 8,188 ± 2,191 |
Alcohol (g/day) | 5.90 ± 10.10 | 8.0 ± 11.7 | 8.7 ± 12.0 | 9.4 ± 12.4 |
School level, n (%) | ||||
None (n = 875) | 488 (18.53) | 275 (8.00) | 79 (3.88) | 33 (1.97) |
Primary (n = 3,213) | 1,115 (42.35) | 1,082 (31.47) | 550 (26.99) | 466 (27.80) |
Technical/professional (n = 2,286) | 384 (14.58) | 841 (24.46) | 532 (26.10) | 529 (31.56) |
Other secondary (n = 1,614) | 319 (12.12) | 589 (17.13) | 392 (19.23) | 314(18.74) |
Higher (n = 2,375) | 327 (12.42) | 651 (18.94) | 485 (23.80) | 334 (19.93) |
Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
Never (n = 5,532) | 1,655 (62.10) | 1,941 (56.02) | 1,081 (52.60) | 855 (50.68) |
Ex (n = 2,111) | 406 (15.23) | 748 (21.59) | 500 (24.33) | 457 (27.09) |
Current (n = 2,229) | 604 (22.66) | 776 (22.40) | 474 (23.07) | 375 (22.23) |
Hypertension, n (%) | ||||
No (n = 7,993) | 2,097 (78.95) | 2,801 (81.38) | 1,717 (84.37) | 1,378 (83.21) |
Yes (n = 1,796) | 559 (21.05) | 641 (18.62) | 318 (15.63) | 278 (16.79) |
Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | ||||
No (n = 6,539) | 1,859 (83.25) | 2,252 (83.13) | 1,328 (87.25) | 1,100 (88.71) |
Yes (n = 1,165) | 374 (16.75) | 457 (16.87) | 194 (12.75) | 140 (11.29) |
MI, n (%) | ||||
No (n = 9,731) | 2,594 (98.97) | 3,404 (99.36) | 2,050 (99.56) | 1,683 (99.76) |
Yes (n = 62) | 27 (1.03) | 22 (0.64) | 9 (0.44) | 4 (0.24) |
Stroke, n (%) | ||||
No (n = 9,192) | 2,458 (99.15) | 3,262 (99.39) | 1,896 (99.37) | 1,576 (99.18) |
Yes (n = 66) | 21 (0.85) | 20 (0.61) | 12 (0.63) | 13 (0.82) |
Variable | Activity category | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Moderately active | Moderately inactive | Inactive | |
Men | ||||
n
| 2,645 | 2,794 | 3,660 | 2,600 |
Normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.62, 1.10) | 1.32 (1.01, 1.72) | 1.81 (1.34, 2.43) |
Overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) | 1.15 (0.99, 1.34) | 1.36 (1.14, 1.62) |
Obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.87, 1.40) | 1.36 (1.08, 1.71) | 1.38 (1.08, 1.78) |
Women | ||||
n
| 2,458 | 3,134 | 5,428 | 4,675 |
Normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.88, 1.41) | 1.13 (0.90, 1.40) | 1.50 (1.17, 1.93) |
Overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.96, 1.43) | 1.17 (0.97, 1.41) | 1.41 (1.15, 1.72) |
Obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.91, 1.55) | 1.17 (0.92, 1.48) | 1.2 (0.94, 1.54) |
Variable | Activity category | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Moderately active | Moderately inactive | Inactive | |
Men | ||||
n
| 2,511 | 2,524 | 3,449 | 2,261 |
WC (<94 cm) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.88, 1.40) | 1.21 (0.98, 1.51) | 1.44 (1.11, 1.87) |
WC (≥94 cm) | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) | 1.2 (1.09, 1.46) | 1.38 (1.17, 1.62) |
Women | ||||
n
| 2,294 | 2,890 | 5,204 | 4,429 |
WC (<80 cm) | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.82, 1.39) | 1.22 (0.96, 1.56) | 1.57 (1.19, 2.07) |
WC (≥80 cm) | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.98, 1.36) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.25) | 1.19 (1.01, 1.39) |