Background
Methods
Search strategy
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Data extraction and quality assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Search results and included subjects
NO. | First author | Publication year | Screening year | Region | Area | Age range | Sex | Case | Sample | Prevalence (%) | Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(M/F) | (n) | size | |||||||||
1 | Zhang YH et al. a[37] | 2014 | 2008 | Beijing | Northern | ≥18y | 0.94 | 161 | 724 | 22.2 | 7 |
Zhang YH et al. b[37] | 2014 | 2011 | Beijing | Northern | ≥18y | 0.67 | 279 | 864 | 32.3 | 7 | |
2 | Cao YL et al. [38] | 2015 | 2013 | Hunan | Southern | ≥18y | 1.16 | 826 | 3108 | 26.58 | 7 |
3 | Chen QY et al. [39] | 2007 | 2003–2005 | Guangxi | Southern | ≥15y | 1.28 | 3582 | 27,240 | 13.15 | 6 |
4 | Li H et al. [40] | 2013 | 2011 | Guizhou | Southern | 40–79y | 0.37 | 4063 | 10,016 | 40.57 | 7 |
5 | Fu SY et al. [41] | 2010 | 2007 | Heilongjiang | Northern | 35–91y | 0.802 | 1472 | 5984 | 24.6 | 8 |
6 | Tao R et al. [42] | 2015 | 2010 | Jiangsu | Southern | 18–95y | 0.901 | 2472 | 8380 | 29.5 | 8 |
7 | Xu DM et al. [43] | 2010 | 2007–2008 | Henan | Northern | 18–88y | 0 | 89 | 579 | 15.3 | 7 |
8 | Lu W et al. [44] | 2006 | 2002–2003 | Shanghai | Southern | 15–74y | 0.745 | 2509 | 14,327 | 17.51 | 10 |
9 | Hu Y et al. [45] | 2008 | 2007 | Liaoning | Northern | 65–94y | 1.96 | 633 | 2730 | 23.19 | 7 |
10 | Wang WC et al. [46] | 2014 | 2011 | Hebei | Northern | ≥45y | 0.543 | 307 | 1447 | 21.2 | 8 |
11 | Du YH et al. [47] | 2007 | 2005–2006 | Shanxi | Northern | 20–93y | 0.488 | 979 | 3869 | 25.3 | 9 |
12 | Yu H et al. [48] | 2012 | 2010 | Tianjin | Northern | 30–60y | 1.02 | 546 | 2993 | 18.24 | 8 |
13 | Yu L et al. [49] | 2008 | 2003–2004 | Neimonggu | Northern | ≥20y | 0.693 | 530 | 2536 | 20.9 | 8 |
14 | Zhang SQ et al. [50] | 2007 | 2002 | Zhejiang | Southern | ≥50y | 0.672 | 288 | 1187 | 24.26 | 6 |
15 | Zhao FC et al. [51] | 2009 | 2007 | Xinjiang | Northern | 20–74y | 0.69 | 823 | 3293 | 24.99 | 7 |
16 | Li SJ et al. [52] | 2012 | 2010 | Zhejiang | Southern | ≥18y | 0.775 | 179 | 600 | 29.83 | 7 |
17 | Deng M et al. [53] | 2014 | 2011–2012 | Chongqing | Southern | ≥35y | 0.713 | 1092 | 5384 | 20.28 | 6 |
18 | Ye QY et al. [54] | 2012 | 2010 | Zhejiang | Southern | ≥18y | 0.88 | 339 | 1248 | 27.16 | 7 |
19 | Ta JGL et al. [55] | 2013 | 2010 | Xinjiang | Northern | ≥20y | 0.457 | 817 | 2138 | 38.2 | 7 |
20 | Li CH et al. [56] | 2012 | 2010 | Xinjiang | Northern | ≥18y | 0.97 | 730 | 3442 | 21.2 | 8 |
21 | Li YQ et al. [57] | 2014 | 2012 | Guangdong | Southern | 18–75y | 0.595 | 383 | 1724 | 22.22 | 6 |
22 | Zhao Y et al. [33] | 2010 | 2008–2009 | Ningxia | Northern | ≥25y | null | 355 | 1612 | 22 | 8 |
23 | Sun M et al. [58] | 2014 | 2011 | Jiangsu | Southern | ≥40y | 0.6 | 2973 | 7489 | 39.7 | 9 |
24 | Lao XQ et al. [9] | 2014 | 2010 | Guangdong | Southern | ≥20y | 0.82 | 872 | 3561 | 24.5 | 8 |
25 | Yu M et al. [59] | 2014 | 2009 | Zhejiang | Southern | 19–79y | 1 | 1242 | 8169 | 15.2 | 6 |
26 | He Yao et al. [60] | 2006 | 2001–2002 | Beijing | Northern | 60–95y | 0.67 | 1081 | 2334 | 46.3 | 8 |
27 | Zhou HC et al. [61] | 2014 | 2007–2008 | 14 provinces | National | ≥20y | 0.66 | 11,244 | 45,157 | 24.9 | 8 |
28 | Xi B et al. [34] | 2013 | 2009 | 9 provinces | National | ≥18y | 0.871 | 1767 | 7488 | 23.6 | 7 |
29 | Peng X et al. [62] | 2009 | 2007 | Hunan | Southern | ≥18y | 0.99 | 260 | 1709 | 15.2 | 7 |
30 | Cai H et al. [2] | 2012 | 2007–2008 | Jiangsu | Southern | 18–74y | 0 | 2965 | 13,505 | 22 | 6 |
31 | Zhao J et al. [11] | 2011 | 2006 | Shandong | Northern | 35–74y | 0.688 | 1082 | 5355 | 20.2 | 7 |
32 | Tan XU et al. [63] | 2009 | 2002–2003 | Neimonggu | Northern | ≥20y | 0.693 | 530 | 2536 | 20.9 | 7 |
33 | Li G et al. [64] | 2010 | 2005 | Beijing | Northern | ≥18y | 0.652 | 4587 | 16,442 | 27.9 | 6 |
34 | Zhao YL et al. [65] | 2014 | 2010 | Shanxi | Northern | 18–80y | 0.529 | 407 | 2990 | 13.6 | 8 |
35 | Xu F et al. [66] | 2011 | 2009–2010 | Jiangsu | Southern | 18–74y | 0.878 | 1213 | 4493 | 27 | 7 |
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome
Category | Subgroup | NO.of study | Prevalence (95 % CI)(%) | Sample |
I
2
(%)
|
P
|
P(Egger’s Test) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 36 | 24.5(22.0–26.9) | 226,653 | 99.5 | <0.001 | 0.072 | |
Geographic region | Northern | 17 | 24.4(21.4–27.3) | 61,868 | 98.7 | <0.001 | 0.976 |
Southern | 16 | 24.6(20.2–29.1) | 112,140 | 99.7 | <0.001 | 0.036 | |
Urban | 7 | 24.9(18.5–31.3) | 24,560 | 99.3 | <0.001 | 0.060 | |
Rural | 16 | 19.2(14.8–23.7) | 53,268 | 99.5 | <0.001 | 0.048 | |
Sex | Male | 31 | 19.2(16.9–21.6) | 94,241 | 98.9 | <0.001 | 0.150 |
Female | 32 | 27.0(23.5–30.5) | 127,079 | 99.8 | <0.001 | 0.141 | |
Screening year | 2000–2005 | 6 | 23.8(17.7–29.9) | 50,160 | 99.6 | <0.001 | 0.051 |
2005–2010 | 15 | 22.3(20.3–24.3) | 121,109 | 98.4 | <0.001 | 0.322 | |
2010–2015 | 15 | 27.0(22.2–31.8) | 55,384 | 99.4 | <0.001 | 0.571 | |
Age-specific group(y) | 15–39 | 10 | 13.9(9.5–18.2) | 20,273 | 98.8 | <0.001 | 0.017 |
40–59 | 12 | 26.4(20.5–32.3) | 38,484 | 99.4 | <0.001 | 0.258 | |
≥60 | 12 | 32.4(26.1–38.8) | 18,652 | 98.8 | <0.001 | 0.955 | |
Male | 15–39 | 5 | 14.9(6.8–23.0) | 8585 | 99.0 | <0.001 | 0.100 |
40–59 | 7 | 23.4(16.3–30.5) | 14,845 | 98.8 | <0.001 | 0.279 | |
≥60 | 7 | 23.0(18.0–28.0) | 7850 | 96.2 | <0.001 | 0.292 | |
Female | 15–39 | 5 | 9.5(5.3–13.7) | 9536 | 98.2 | <0.001 | 0.069 |
40–59 | 7 | 27.2(19.3–35.2) | 19,586 | 99.3 | <0.001 | 0.550 | |
≥60 | 7 | 42.9(34.5–51.3) | 8800 | 98.4 | <0.001 | 0.273 |
Prevalence of components of metabolic syndrome
Types | Sex | NO. of study | Sample | Pooled prevalence(95 % CI)(%) | Median(%) | Minimum(%) | Maximum(%) |
t
|
P
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central obesity | Male | 14 | 38,434 | 33.4(25.3–41.5) | 26 | 18 | 68.8 | −2.034 | 0.052 |
Female | 15 | 44,646 | 46.1(37.0–55.2) | 47.2 | 6.8 | 77.5 | |||
Hypertension | Male | 14 | 38,434 | 52.8(45.3–60.4) | 30.3 | 52 | 79 | 2.066 | 0.049 |
Female | 15 | 44,646 | 40.1(32.2–48.0) | 41.3 | 15 | 75.9 | |||
High Fasting Plasma Glucose | Male | 14 | 38,434 | 31.5(25.3–37.8) | 31 | 10.2 | 52.3 | 0.981 | 0.335 |
Female | 15 | 44,646 | 26.3(19.0–33.6) | 24 | 3.4 | 52.5 | |||
Hypertriglyceridaemia (TG) | Male | 14 | 38,434 | 32.9(27.5–38.3) | 32.9 | 11.6 | 53.8 | 1.189 | 0.245 |
Female | 15 | 44,646 | 27.7(22.0–33.4) | 27.1 | 7.3 | 56.3 | |||
Low HDL-C | Male | 14 | 38,434 | 27.4(22.2–32.5) | 27.2 | 5 | 55.5 | −1.991 | 0.057 |
Female | 15 | 44,646 | 40.4(30.6–50.2) | 36.3 | 1.4 | 70.4 |
Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression
Covariate | Meta-regression coefficient | 95 % confidence interval |
P value | Variance explained (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate analyses | ||||
Sex ratio(male vs. female) | 0.846 | 0.6195–1.155 | 0.283 | 1.83 |
Area(northern vs. southern) | 1.0104 | 0.8486–1.2031 | 0.904 | −3.14 |
Quality score | 1.0044 | 0.9370–1.1641 | 0.421 | −0.96 |
Year of screening | 1.1046 | 0.9617–1.2687 | 0.153 | 3.62 |
Sample size, continuous | 1.0000 | 0.9999–1.0001 | 0.519 | −1.65 |
Age group(15 ~ =1, 40 ~ =2, 60 ~ =3) | 1.2625 | 1.0615–1.5017 | 0.010 | 17.63 |
Year of publication | 1.0988 | 0.8671–1.3924 | 0.424 | −0.90 |
Multivariable analyses | 26.74 | |||
Sex ratio(male vs. female) | −0.2331 | −0.5318–0.6585 | 0.121 | |
Area(northern vs. southern) | 0.0095 | −0.1543–0.1734 | 0.906 | |
Quality score | 0.0285 | −0.0746–0.1315 | 0.576 | |
Year of screening | 0.0906 | −0.9722–0.2785 | 0.331 | |
Sample size, continuous | 3.28e’-7
| −0.0000–0.0001 | 0.952 | |
Age group(15 ~ =1, 40 ~ =2, 60 ~ =3) | 0.3035 | 0.1187–0.4884 | 0.002 | |
Year of publication | 0.9168 | −0.2391–0.4225 | 0.574 |