Background
Methods
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Sample collection
In-house Zika virus immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Detection of dengue virus immunoglobulins M and G (IgM and IgG), and Zika virus immunoglobulin-G by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Plaque-reduction neutralization test
Data analysis
Results
Demographic characteristics of participants
Zika virus and dengue seroprevalence
Variables | n | ZIKV IgM positive (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | DENV IgG positive (%) (n = 83) | Anti-ZIKV NS1 IgG positive (%) (n = 88) | PRNT50 positive to ZIKV (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group (years) | ≤15 | 87 | 11 (12.6) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.05 | 4/11 (36.3) | 3/11 (27.3) | 2/87 (2.3) |
16–30 | 295 | 19 (6.4) | 0.48 (0.22–1.04) | 9/19 (47.4) | 3/21 (14.3) | 3/295 (1.0) | ||
31–45 | 241 | 31 (12.8) | 1.02 (0.49–2.13) | 18/31 (58.1) | 7/32 (21.9) | 3/241 (1.2) | ||
46–60 | 127 | 18 (14.2) | 1.14 (0.51–2.55) | 14/18 (77.8) | 4/18 (22.2) | 1/127 (0.8) | ||
≥60 | 35 | 3 (8.5) | 0.65 (0.17–2.48) | 3/3 (100) | 1/5 (20) | 3/35 (8.6) | ||
NAa | 16 | 1 (6.3) | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | 1/16 (6.3) | |||
Sex | Female | 590 | 59 (10) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.57 | 32/59 (54.2) | 10/64 (15.6) | 7/590 (1.2) |
Male | 211 | 24 (11.4) | 1.15 (0.7–1.91) | 17/24 (70.8) | 9/24 (37.5) | 6/211 (2.8) | ||
Ethnicity | Ede | 290 | 25 (8.6) | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.16 | 15/25 (60.0) | 5/26 (19.2) | 3/290 (1.0) |
Kinh | 503 | 58 (11.5) | 1.42 (0.87–2.33) | 34/58 (58.6) | 14/62(22.6) | 10/503 (2.0) | ||
Otherb | 8 | 0 | 0/8 (0.0) | |||||
Pregnancy | 66 | 1 (1.5) | 0/1(0.0) | 0/1(0.0) | 0/66 (0.0) |
Neutralizing antibody levels to Zika virus and dengue virus serotypes 1–4
ELISA results | Neutralizing antibody titer (PRNT50) | Neutralizing antibody titer (PRNT90) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample ID | ZIKV IgM(P/N ratio) | DENV IgM(Index Value) | Anti-ZIKV NS1 IgG (P/N ratio) | ZIKV | DENV-1 | DENV-2 | DENV-3 | DENV-4 | ZIKV | DENV-1 | DENV-2 | DENV-3 | DENV-4 |
During epidemic (January 2017) | |||||||||||||
Z120aa | 3.3 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 160 | 320 | 320 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | 320 | 80 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z140a | 2.3 | 0.3 | 4.7a | 80 | 40 | 320 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | 40 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z141a | 4.9 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 640 | 160 | 80 | < 20 | < 20 | 40 | 80 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z153ab | 2.8 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 160 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | 40 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z476a | 4.7 | 0.5 | 43.9a | 640 | 320 | 1280 | 20 | < 20 | 80 | 320 | 160 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z735a | 2.8 | 0.6 | 8.1 | 320 | < 80 | < 80 | < 80 | < 80 | 80 | < 80 | < 80 | < 80 | < 80 |
Z147aa | 1.6 | ND | 4.5 | 320 | 80 | 160 | 20 | 40 | 80 | < 20 | 80 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z472a | 1.5 | ND | 46.1 | 5120 | 160 | 160 | 80 | 40 | 640 | 80 | 40 | 80 | < 20 |
Z606a | 1.6 | ND | 10.6 | 1280 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | 160 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z138a | 4.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 40 | 320 | 80 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | 160 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z420ab | 3.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 20 | < 20 | 20 | 20 | 40 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z587a | 1.2 | ND | 0.2 | 320 | 640 | 640 | 1280 | 160 | 80 | 320 | 320 | 640 | 20 |
Z591a | 1.2 | ND | 0.6 | 640 | 640 | 640 | 1280 | 80 | 80 | 320 | 160 | 640 | < 20 |
Post-epidemic (July 2018) | |||||||||||||
Z120ba | ND | ND | 2.3 | 80 | 640 | 160 | 1280 | 20 | 20 | 320 | 40 | 320 | < 20 |
Z140b | ND | ND | 5.2 | 640 | < 20 | 160 | < 20 | 20 | 20 | < 20 | 80 | < 20 | < 20 |
Z141b | ND | ND | 2.7 | 640 | 160 | 20 | 160 | < 20 | 80 | 80 | < 20 | 40 | < 20 |
Z476b | ND | ND | 4.7 | 2560 | 320 | 320 | 320 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | < 20 |
Z735b | ND | ND | 3.5 | 80 | 320 | 80 | 320 | 80 | < 20 | 320 | 20 | 160 | 20 |
Z138b | ND | ND | 0.5 | 80 | 40 | < 20 | 40 | < 20 | < 20 | 20 | < 20 | 20 | < 20 |