Background
The ‘Tekenbeet’ mobile app
Methods
Pilot test
Google analytics to evaluate usage of the ‘Tekenbeet’ app
Survey to evaluate usage, user satisfaction, and the effect of the ‘Tekenbeet’ app
Study design and participant recruitment
Questionnaires
Statistical analyses
Results
Usage of the ‘Tekenbeet’ app according to Google analytics
Screen name | Number of screen views | Number of unique screen views | Average time on screen in minutes |
---|---|---|---|
Tekenbeet (‘Tick bite’) | 93,268 | 75,734 | 0:20 |
Tekenradar (‘Tick radar’) | 38,636 | 29,348 | 0:54 |
Tekendagboek (‘Tick diary’) | 25,245 | 13,355 | 0:39 |
Tekenalarm (‘Tick alarm’) | 24,372 | 19,312 | 0:30 |
De teek (‘Tick info’) | 18,921 | 15,354 | 0:42 |
Controleren (‘Tick check’) | 16,039 | 14,146 | 0:43 |
Verwijderen (‘Tick removal’) | 15,549 | 13,698 | 1:00 |
Ziekte van Lyme (‘Lyme disease’) | 12,742 | 10,511 | 0:46 |
Veelgestelde vragen (‘FAQ’) | 8759 | 7587 | 2:10 |
Teek herkennen (‘Tick identification’) | 3778 | 3219 | 0:42 |
Total | 258,238 | 203,051 | 0:39 |
Usage, user satisfaction and the effects of the ‘Tekenbeet’ app according to the survey
Response
Respondents
Characteristics | Total (N = 554) | Non-app user group (N = 311) | App user group (N = 243) | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (n/N) | % (n/N) | % (n/N) | ||||
Personal data | ||||||
Mean age [years (SD)] | 46.6 (13.5) | 46.4 (14.1) | 46.9 (12.6) | – | – | .37 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 36.6 (203/554) | 31.5 (98/311) | 43.2 (105/243) | Ref. | – | – |
Female | 63.4 (351/554) | 68.5 (213/311) | 56.8 (138/243) | 0.61 | 0.43–0.86 | .005 |
Educational level | ||||||
Lower education | 37.7 (209/554) | 38.9 (121/311) | 36.2 (88/243) | Ref. | – | – |
Higher education | 62.3 (345/554) | 61.1 (190/311) | 63.8 (155/243) | 1.12 | 0.79–1.59 | .52 |
Children (aged 0–17) living at home | ||||||
No | 66.1 (366/554) | 70.7 (220/311) | 60.1 (146/243) | Ref. | – | – |
Yes | 33.9 (188/554) | 29.3 (91/311) | 39.9 (97/243) | 1.60 | 1.13–2.29 | .009 |
Professional data | ||||||
Being outdoors professionally | ||||||
No | 79.6 (441/554) | 79.7 (248/311) | 79.4 (193/243) | Ref. | – | – |
Yes | 20.4 (113/554) | 20.3 (63/311) | 20.6 (50/243) | 1.02 | 0.67–1.55 | .93 |
Tick/Lyme experience | ||||||
Either they themselves or someone they know has incurred a tick bite | ||||||
No | 12.5 (69/554) | 15.1 (47/311) | 9.1 (22/243) | Ref. | – | – |
Yes | 87.5 (485/554) | 84.9 (264/311) | 90.9 (221/243) | 1.79 | 1.05–3.06 | .03 |
Having had LB themselves or know someone who has | ||||||
No | 43.5 (241/554) | 43.4 (135/311) | 43.6 (106/243) | Ref. | – | – |
Yes | 56.5 (313/554) | 56.6 (176/311) | 56.4 (137/243) | 0.99 | 0.71–1.39 | .96 |
Past behavior (checked for tick bites in the past three months)a
| ||||||
Never | 10.3 (56/546) | 12.5 (38/304) | 7.4 (18/242) | Ref. | – | – |
Sometimes/always | 88.7 (490/546) | 87.5 (266/304) | 92.6 (224/242) | 1.78 | 0.99–3.20 | .05 |
Usage and user satisfaction of the app
Section | Most usefula
% (n/N) | Least usefula
% (n/N) |
---|---|---|
Information about removing ticks | 39.1 (95/243) | 4.1 (10/243) |
Tick radar | 35.4 (86/243) | 20.2 (49/243) |
Information about LB | 26.3 (64/243) | 4.5 (11/243) |
Information about checking for ticks | 24.7 (60/243) | 3.3 (8/243) |
Tick diary | 24.3 (59/243) | 16.5 (40/243) |
Information about ticks | 22.2 (54/243) | 4.5 (11/243) |
Tick alarm | 22.2 (54/243) | 12.3 (30/243) |
Frequently asked questions | 19.3 (47/243) | 5.3 (13/243) |
Effects of the app (Additional file 1: Questionnaire 1)
Questionnaire 1 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis
(corrected for gender, having children aged 0–17 years at home, and having experience with a tick bite)
| |||||||||
Variables, % (n/N) | Total (N = 554) | Non-app user group (N = 311) | App user group (N = 243) | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
P value | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
P value | Transformed P value |
% (n/N) | % (n/N) | % (n/N) | ||||||||
Knowledge (scale range 1–8) | ||||||||||
Low (1–4) | 23.5 (130/554) | 32.2 (100/311) | 12.3 (30/243) | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | – | – | |
High (5–8) | 76.5 (424/554) | 67.8 (211/311) | 87.7 (213/243) | 3.37 | 2.15–5.28 | <.001 | 3.21 | 2.02–5.09 | < 0.001 | .01 |
Perceived severity (scale range 1–7) | ||||||||||
Negative (1–4) | 53.8 (298/554) | 52.1 (162/311) | 56.0 (136/243) | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | – | – | |
Positive (5–7) | 46.2 (256/554) | 47.9 (149/311) | 44.0 (107/243) | 0.86 | 0.61–1.20 | .36 | 0.94 | 0.67–1.34 | 0.743 | .74 |
Perceived susceptibility 1 (scale range 1–7) | ||||||||||
Negative (1–4) | 48.0 (266/554) | 46.6 (145/311) | 49.8 (121/243) | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | – | – | |
Positive (5–7) | 52.0 (288/554) | 53.4 (166/311) | 50.2 (122/243) | 0.88 | 0.63–1.23 | .46 | 0.77 | 0.54–1.09 | 0.142 | .19 |
Perceived susceptibility 2 (scale range 1–7) | ||||||||||
Negative (1–4) | 82.7 (458/554) | 80.1 (249/311) | 86.0 (209/243) | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | – | – | |
Positive (5–7) | 17.3 (96/554) | 19.9 (62/311) | 14.0 (34/243) | 0.65 | 0.41–1.03 | .07 | 0.67 | 0.42–1.07 | 0.092 | .15 |
Self-efficacy (scale range 1–7) | ||||||||||
Negative (1–4) | 7.6 (42/554) | 10.3 (32/311) | 4.1 (10/243) | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | – | – | |
Positive (5–7) | 92.4 (512/554) | 89.7 (279/311) | 95.9 (233/243) | 2.67 | 1.29–5.55 | .01 | 2.56 | 1.22–5.37 | 0.013 | .05 |
Response efficacy (scale range 1–7) | ||||||||||
Negative (1–4) | 12.3 (68/554) | 14.8 (46/311) | 9.1 (22/243) | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | – | – | |
Positive (5–7) | 87.7 (486/554) | 85.2 (265/311) | 90.9 (221/243) | 1.74 | 1.02–2.99 | .04 | 1.65 | 0.96–2.86 | 0.072 | .14 |
Intention (scale range 1–7) | ||||||||||
Negative (1–4) | 6.5 (36/554) | 8.7 (27/311) | 3.7 (9/243) | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | – | – | |
Positive (5–7) | 93.5 (518/554) | 91.3 (284/311) | 96.3 (234/243) | 2.47 | 1.14–5.36 | .02 | 2.67 | 1.22–5.85 | 0.014 | .04 |
Effects of the app (Additional file 1: Questionnaire 2)
Questionnaire 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate analysis | ||||||
Variables | Total (N = 238) | Non-app user group (N = 130) | App user group (N = 108) | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
P value |
% (n/N) | % (n/N) | % (n/N) | ||||
Knowledge (scale range 1–8)a
| ||||||
Low | 22.7 (54/238) | 26.9 (35/130) | 17.6 (19/108) | Ref. | – | – |
High | 77.3 (184/238) | 73.1 (95/130) | 82.4 (89/108) | 1.73 | 0.92–3.24 | .09 |
Perceived severity (scale range 1–7)b
| ||||||
Negative | 51.4 (119/226) | 53.7 (65/121) | 51.4 (54/105) | Ref. | – | – |
Positive | 47.3 (107/226) | 46.3 (56/121) | 48.6 (51/105) | 1.10 | 0.65–1.85 | .731 |
Perceived susceptibility 1 (scale range 1–7)b
| ||||||
Negative | 44.5 (106/238) | 45.4 (59/130) | 43.5 (47/108) | Ref. | – | – |
Positive | 55.5 (132/238) | 54.6 (70/130) | 56.5 (61/108) | 1.08 | 0.65–1.80 | .77 |
Perceived susceptibility 2 (scale range 1–7)b
| ||||||
Negative | 87.3 (145/166) | 87.4 (76/87) | 87.3 (69/79) | Ref. | – | – |
Positive | 12.7 (21/166) | 12.6 (11/87) | 12.7 (10/79) | 1.00 | 0.40–2.50 | .998 |
Self-efficacy (scale range 1–7)b
| ||||||
Negative | 4.2 (10/238) | 5.4 (7/130) | 2.8 (3/108) | Ref. | – | – |
Positive | 95.8 (228/238) | 94.6 (123/130) | 97.2 (105/108) | 1.99 | 0.50–7.90 | .32 |
Response efficacy (scale range 1–7)b
| ||||||
Negative | 8.8 (21/238) | 9.2 (12/130) | 8.3 (9/108) | Ref. | – | – |
Positive | 91.2 (217/238) | 90.8 (118/130) | 91.7 (99/108) | 1.12 | 0.45–2.76 | .81 |
Intention (scale range 1–7)b
| ||||||
Negative | 5.5 (13/238) | 6.9 (9/130) | 3.7 (4/108) | Ref. | – | – |
Positive | 94.5 (225/238) | 93.1 (121/130) | 96.3 (104/108) | 1.93 | 0.60–6.46 | .28 |
Results of questionnaire 1 compared to questionnaire 2
App user group | |||
---|---|---|---|
Questionnaire 1 (N = 108) | Questionnaire 2 (N = 108) |
P value | |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Knowledge (scale range 1–8) | 6.05 (1.44) | 6.04 (1.50) | .94 |
Perceived severity (scale range 1–7) | 3.99 (1.63) | 3.95 (1.56) | .69 |
Perceived susceptibility 1 (scale range 1–7) | 4.65 (1.74) | 4.63 (1.67) | .87 |
Perceived susceptibility 2 (scale range 1–7) | 2.65 (1.39) | 2.82 (1.46) | .14 |
Self-efficacy (scale range 1–7) | 5.94 (0.81) | 6.04 (0.79) | .12 |
Response efficacy (scale range 1–7) | 5.67 (1.20) | 5.88 (1.09) | .03 |
Intention (scale range 1–7) | 6.14 (0.96) | 6.27 (0.87) | .06 |
Non-app user group | |||
---|---|---|---|
Questionnaire 1 (N = 130) | Questionnaire 2 (N = 130) |
P value | |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Knowledge (scale range 1–8) | 5.29 (1.61) | 5.40 (1.52) | .39 |
Perceived severity (scale range 1–7) | 4.04 (1.66) | 4.04 (1.66) | .98 |
Perceived susceptibility 1 (scale range 1–7) | 4.82 (1.78) | 4.81 (1.65) | .90 |
Perceived susceptibility 2 (scale range 1–7) | 2.85 (1.58) | 2.71 (1.49) | .32 |
Self-efficacy (scale range 1–7) | 5.69 (1.14) | 5.79 (0.97) | .14 |
Response efficacy (scale range 1–7) | 5.46 (1.24) | 5.68 (1.17) | .02 |
Intention (scale range 1–7) | 6.01 (1.10) | 6.06 (1.00) | .41 |