Introduction
Methods
Outcome measures
Socio-demographic and clinical variables collected
Statistical analysis
Results
Variable | Overall (N = 272) | Alive (a) (N = 118) | NR & Died (b) (N = 154) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
(a) vs (b) | ||||
Male |
213 (78)
|
100 (85)
|
113 (73)
|
0.026
|
Age |
65 ± 10
|
63 ± 9
|
66 ± 10
|
0.016
|
Living maritally | 215 (79) | 99 (84) | 116 (75) | 0.057 |
Living in an urban area | 118 (43) | 55 (47) | 63 (41) | 0.39 |
Professionally active | 48 (17) | 23 (20) | 25 (16) | 0.52 |
On invalidity | 7 (3) | 4 (3) | 3 (2) | 0.47 |
Socio-economic class | ||||
Upper middle class | 20 (7) | 9 (8) | 11 (7) | 0.51 |
Middle class |
52 (19)
|
13 (11)
|
39 (25)
|
0.011
|
Lower middle class | 66 (24) | 37 (31) | 29 (19) | 0.73 |
Skilled working class | 77 (28) | 39 (33) | 38 (25) | 0.69 |
Working class | 41 (15) | 15 (13) | 26 (17) | 0.81 |
Others | 16 (6) | 5 (4) | 11 (7) | 0.44 |
Level of education ≥ high school diploma | 49 (18) | 25 (21) | 24 (16) | 0.27 |
Diabetes mellitus |
87 (32)
|
30 (25)
|
57 (43)
|
0.049
|
Peripheral arterial disease | 67 (25) | 24 (20) | 43 (36) | 0.16 |
Atrial fibrillation | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | 4 (3) | 0.14 |
Depression | 15 (6) | 5 (4) | 10 (8) | 0.59 |
LVEF | ||||
> 50% | 184 (68) | 80 (68) | 104 (88) | 0.78 |
30–50% | 75 (28) | 33 (28) | 42 (36) | 0.93 |
< 30% | 13 (5) | 5 (4) | 8 (7) | 0.67 |
CCS class ≥3 | 50 (18) | 18 (15) | 32 (27) | 0.27 |
NYHA class ≥3 | 23 (9) | 6 (5) | 17 (14) | 0.12 |
Complicated Outcome |
38 (14)
|
10 (9)
|
28 (24)
|
0.023
|
QoL scores at baseline and during the 10-year follow-up period
Time | PCS | MCS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Min | Max | Mean ± SD | Min | Max | |
Preop | 51.4 ± 18.6 | 10.00 | 96.25 | 55.3 ± 20.2 | 9.6 | 97.8 |
5 years | 62.1 ± 22.2 | 8.75 | 97.5 | 63.0 ± 20.4 | 8.6 | 100.0 |
10 years | 59.5 ± 22.5 | 13.9 | 100.0 | 62.7 ± 20.3 | 23.1 | 95.5 |
Variable | PCS | MCS | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preop | At 5 years | At 10 years | Preop | At 5 years | At 10 years | |||||||
Mean ± SD | P-value | Mean ± SD | P-value | Mean ± SD | P-value | Mean ± SD | P-value | Mean ± SD | P-value | Mean ± SD | P-value | |
Age | ||||||||||||
< 66 years | 50.7 ± 18.3 | 0.51 | 63.8 ± 23.1 | 0.21 | 63.7 ± 21.8 |
0.008
| 53.6 ± 21.0 | 0.13 | 65.1 ± 20.4 | 0.098 | 65.9 ± 19.2 |
0.029
|
> 66 years | 52.3 ± 19.1 | 59.9 ± 21.0 | 52.4 ± 22.0 | 57.3 ± 19.0 | 60.3 ± 20.2 | 57.3 ± 21.2 | ||||||
Sexe | ||||||||||||
Male | 53.3 ± 18.4 |
0.002
| 63.8 ± 22.4 |
0.028
| 61.0 ± 22.6 | 0.072 | 56.1 ± 19.7 | 0.21 | 64.5 ± 20.6 |
0.032
| 64.4 ± 20.4 |
0.023
|
Female | 44.5 ± 18.0 | 55.5 ± 20.1 | 51.1 ± 20.3 | 52.0 ± 22.0 | 57.0 ± 18.8 | 53.3 ± 17.5 | ||||||
Marital Status | ||||||||||||
Alone | 49.6 ± 17.9 | 0.41 | 58.5 ± 19.0 | 0.21 | 57.8 ± 20.0 | 0.70 | 56.5 ± 22.6 | 0.64 | 61.7 ± 17.1 | 0.61 | 59.8 ± 20.0 | 0.50 |
Living maritally | 51.9 ± 18.8 | 63.0 ± 22.9 | 59.8 ± 23.1 | 54.9 ± 19.6 | 63.3 ± 21.1 | 63.3 ± 20.5 | ||||||
Living in urban area | ||||||||||||
No | 53.1 ± 19.5 | 0.20 | 63.0 ± 23.3 | 0.63 | 61.2 ± 20.4 | 0.42 | 56.2 ± 21.1 | 0.51 | 62.9 ± 20.9 | 0.97 | 65.2 ± 19.9 | 0.22 |
Yes | 50.1 ± 17.9 | 61.4 ± 21.4 | 57.9 ± 24.2 | 54.5 ± 19.6 | 63.0 ± 20.1 | 60.6 ± 20.6 | ||||||
Professional status | ||||||||||||
Unemployed | 51.9 ± 18.3 | 0.39 | 60.3 ± 22.4 |
0.005
| 57.4 ± 23.1 |
0.025
| 55.6 ± 19.6 | 0.65 | 61.3 ± 20.3 |
0.009
| 61.2 ± 21.0 | 0.059 |
Professionally active | 49.1 ± 20.3 | 71.2 ± 19.0 | 67.8 ± 18.2 | 53.9 ± 23.0 | 71.2 ± 19.2 | 69.0 ± 16.4 | ||||||
On invalidity | ||||||||||||
Yes | 51.6 ± 18.7 | 0.38 | 62.9 ± 21.9 | 0.057 | 59.8 ± 22.2 | 0.65 | 55.3 ± 20.2 | 0.87 | 63.3 ± 20.5 | 0.30 | 63.0 ± 20.3 | 0.48 |
No | 45.0 ± 18.2 | 41.8 ± 23.6 | 51.2 ± 34.2 | 53.9 ± 21.2 | 55.6 ± 17.7 | 53.4 ± 23.5 | ||||||
Socio-economic class | ||||||||||||
Upper middle class | 51.8 ± 20.9 | 0.22 | 75.1 ± 15.0 | 0.14 | 60.1 ± 26.3 | 0.82 | 55.3 ± 26.3 | 0.77 | 74.1 ± 14.9 | 0.33 | 62.1 ± 24.1 | 0.93 |
Middle class | 54.1 ± 18.5 | 59.2 ± 22.5 | 54.9 ± 22.3 | 56.5 ± 18.5 | 61.8 ± 20.1 | 59.1 ± 20.6 | ||||||
Lower middle class | 54.4 ± 18.6 | 65.2 ± 22.1 | 61.1 ± 24.4 | 56.5 ± 19.6 | 64.1 ± 20.8 | 62.7 ± 21.4 | ||||||
Skilled working class | 50.6 ± 18.6 | 60.4 ± 21.8 | 61.4 ± 21.0 | 55.6 ± 20.6 | 61.6 ± 21.7 | 65.3 ± 18.9 | ||||||
Working class | 45.9 ± 14.3 | 59.1 ± 22.9 | 53.2 ± 21.6 | 50.7 ± 19.5 | 61.9 ± 17.0 | 59.5 ± 20.0 | ||||||
Others | 47.6 ± 24.4 | 54.5 ± 27.0 | 61.9 ± 21.5 | 56.3 ± 22.1 | 56.1 ± 26.6 | 62.9 ± 24.6 | ||||||
Level of education | ||||||||||||
< High school | 50.8 ± 18.3 | 0.26 | 59.6 ± 22.3 |
< 0.001
| 57.0 ± 22.1 |
0.023
| 55.0 ± 20.0 | 0.69 | 60.7 ± 20.3 |
0.001
| 60.1 ± 20.1 |
0.005
|
High school diploma or higher | 54.4 ± 19.9 | 72.7 ± 18.7 | 68.7 ± 22.0 | 56.4 ± 21.5 | 72.9 ± 18.1 | 72.5 ± 18.5 | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||||
No | 52.2 ± 18.8 | 0.30 | 64.3 ± 21.4 |
0.033
| 61.9 ± 22.0 | 0.050 | 55.5 ± 21.5 | 0.74 | 63.9 ± 20.5 | 0.31 | 65.0 ± 20.2 |
0.033
|
Yes | 49.6 ± 18.2 | 56.6 ± 23.3 | 52.3 ± 22.8 | 54.7 ± 17.2 | 60.7 ± 20.2 | 55.9 ± 19.4 | ||||||
Peripheral arterial disease | ||||||||||||
No | 52.5 ± 18.9 | 0.082 | 63.5 ± 21.3 | 0.15 | 60.8 ± 22.3 | 0.23 | 56.2 ± 20.8 | 0.15 | 64.0 ± 20.0 | 0.21 | 63.1 ± 20.6 | 0.67 |
Yes | 48.0 ± 17.5 | 57.6 ± 24.7 | 54.4 ± 23.0 | 52.2 ± 18.2 | 59.6 ± 21.5 | 61.1 ± 19.7 | ||||||
Depression | ||||||||||||
No | 51.6 ± 18.6 | 0.59 | 62.3 ± 22.4 | 0.55 | 59.0 ± 22.3 | 0.38 | 55.3 ± 20.3 | 0.96 | 63.1 ± 20.5 | 0.73 | 62.6 ± 20.4 | 0.84 |
Yes | 48.8 ± 19.0 | 58.6 ± 19.5 | 70.9 ± 26.8 | 55.0 ± 19.5 | 61.0 ± 19.1 | 64.8 ± 22.1 | ||||||
LVEF | ||||||||||||
> 50% | 50.4 ± 18.6 | 0.34 | 61.3 ± 21.3 | 0.61 | 60.1 ± 23.1 | 0.88 | 53.9 ± 20.3 | 0.25 | 61.9 ± 20.0 | 0.52 | 62.6 ± 20.2 | 0.76 |
30–50% | 52.8 ± 18.0 | 63.2 ± 24.7 | 57.8 ± 22.6 | 57.6 ± 19.8 | 64.8 ± 21.5 | 62.0 ± 21.2 | ||||||
< 30% | 57.4 ± 22.0 | 67.9 ± 21.4 | 60.1 ± 12.5 | 61.3 ± 21.6 | 67.7 ± 19.7 | 69.3 ± 20.4 | ||||||
NYHA class ≥3 | ||||||||||||
No | 52.6 ± 18.4 |
0.001
| 63.0 ± 22.0 | 0.070 | 59.5 ± 22.5 | 0.91 | 55.8 ± 20.3 | 0.14 | 63.8 ± 20.2 | 0.091 | 62.6 ± 20.1 | 0.83 |
Yes | 38.8 ± 16.7 | 51.0 ± 23.0 | 58.4 ± 24.4 | 49.6 ± 18.2 | 53.5 ± 21.4 | 65.0 ± 25.3 | ||||||
CCS class ≥3 | ||||||||||||
No | 53.4 ± 18.4 |
< 0.001
| 64.0 ± 21.9 |
0.011
| 60.2 ± 22.0 | 0.48 | 55.9 ± 20.1 | 0.31 | 64.7 ± 20.0 |
0.013
| 63.7 ± 19.7 | 0.29 |
Yes | 42.5 ± 17.2 | 53.5 ± 21.8 | 55.6 ± 25.2 | 52.5 ± 20.5 | 55.2 ± 20.3 | 57.3 ± 23.6 | ||||||
Outcome | ||||||||||||
Uneventful | 51.2 ± 18.9 | 0.71 | 62.7 ± 22.2 | 0.28 | 60.3 ± 22.8 | 0.12 | 54.9 ± 20.2 | 0.47 | 63.3 ± 20.6 | 0.58 | 63.4 ± 20.1 | 0.30 |
Complicated | 52.5 ± 17.0 | 57.5 ± 21.8 | 50.2 ± 17.6 | 57.8 ± 20.6 | 60.9 ± 19.3 | 55.3 ± 22.5 |
Variable | OR (95%CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|
Physical score (PCS) | ||
Age | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.044 |
Diabetes | 3.72 (1.41–9.75) | 0.008 |
Dyspnea | 3.06 (1.29–7.26) | 0.011 |
Mental score (MCS) | ||
Diabetes | 3.46 (1.39–8.59) | 0.007 |