Background
Methods
Sample
Questionnaire development
Data analysis
Results
Perceived Susceptibility and Seriousness
Health Related Cognition | Measure | Results |
---|---|---|
Personal susceptibility
|
Likelihood will develop diabetes
|
Number (%)
|
Not at all | 22 (6) | |
Not very | 169 (50) | |
Quite likely | 13 (38) | |
Very likely | 20 (6) | |
Perceived seriousness
|
Disease
|
Scale (95% CI)
|
(Scale 1-5 from 'not at all serious' to 'very serious') | ||
Cancer | 4.91 (4.88-4.95) | |
AIDS | 4.87 (4.83-4.92) | |
Diabetes | 4.01 (3.91-4.11) | |
Arthritis | 3.78 (3.68-3.88) | |
Flu | 2.07 (1.96-2.19) | |
Anxiety
|
Worries may develop diabetes
|
Number (%)
|
Never | 101 (30) | |
Rarely | 74 (22) | |
Sometimes | 127 (37) | |
Often | 36 (11) | |
Health Value Scale
| Scores 4-28. Higher scores indicate a higher value on health. |
Score (95% CI)
|
23.3 (22.8-23.8) | ||
Diabetes Onset Locus of Control
|
Scale
|
Score (95% CI)
|
(Subscale range 0-20; maximum overall score 60) | ||
Overall score | 37.6 (36.5-38.7) | |
Powerful others (e.g. health professionals) | 16.5 (16.0-16.9) | |
Significant others (e.g. family and friends) | 12.0 (11.6-12.4) | |
Internality | 18.6 (18.2-19.0) | |
Chance | 9.5 (9.0-9.9) | |
Benefits of adopting healthy lifestyle
|
Measure
|
% Moderately or Strongly Agreeing
|
I would reduce my chances of getting diabetes (n = 353) | 96 | |
I would reduce my risk of other diseases, such as heart disease (n = 354) | 96 | |
I would feel fit and healthy (n = 354) | 98 | |
I would keep my weight under control (n = 356) | 98 | |
Barriers to adopting healthy lifestyle
|
Measure
|
% Moderately or Strongly Agreeing
|
I do not have time to exercise (n = 353) | 66 | |
I do not like the taste of low-fat food (n = 355) | 71 | |
I do not have time to prepare healthy food (n = 354) | 74 | |
I would find it difficult to motivate myself to exercise (n = 354) | 55 |
Diabetes Onset Locus of Control, Health Value and Anxiety
Knowledge of Risk Factors for Diabetes
Perceived Benefits and Barriers
Desire to be informed of Health Risk
"If my relative with Type 2 Diabetes received information about how I could possibly reduce my risk of getting diabetes, I would like him or her to talk to me about how I could do this."
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Disagree n (%) | Agree n (%) | Statistic | |
Total (n = 321) | 19 (6) | 302 (94) | ||
Gender (n = 321) | Male | 5 (5) | 101 (95) | X2 = 0.41, 1 df, p = 0.52 |
Female | 14 (6.5) | 201 (93.5) | ||
Age (n = 318) | < 40 years | 10 (7) | 139 (93) | X2 = 0.61, 2 df, p = 0.74 |
40-49 years | 6 (6) | 90 (94) | ||
> 49 years | 3 (4) | 70 (96) | ||
Marital status (n = 319) | Single/widowed | 4 (4) | 98 (96) | X2 = 0.83, 1 df, p = 0.36 |
Married/cohabiting | 14 (6) | 203 (94) | ||
Age finished full-time education (n = 306) | < 17 years | 5 (6) | 80 (94) | X2 = 0.06, 2 df, p = 0.97 |
17-18 years | 8 (6) | 121 (94) | ||
> 18 years | 5 (5) | 87 (95) | ||
View on likelihood of developing diabetes in life (n = 315) | Not at all/Not very likely | 11 (8) | 125 (92) | X2 = 1.79, 1 df, p = 0.18 |
Quite/Very likely | 8 (4) | 171 (96) | ||
View on likelihood of developing diabetes if no family history (n = 316) | Not at all/Not very | 13 (7) | 182 (93) | X2 = 0.38, 1 df, p = 0.53 |
Quite/Very likely | 6 (5) | 115 (95) | ||
Worries that may get diabetes (n = 316) | No/Rarely | 10 (6) | 155 (94) | X2 = 0.001, 1 df, p = 0.97 |
Sometimes/Often | 9 (6) | 142 (94) | ||
View on seriousness of diabetes to cancer (n = 310) | Diabetes as serious | 0 | 109 (100) | X2 = 10.36, 1 df, p = 0.001 |
Diabetes less serious | 18 (9) | 183 (91) | ||
View on seriousness of diabetes to arthritis (n = 309) | Diabetes more serious | 10 (7) | 126 (93) | X2 = 3.22, 2 df, p = 0.2 |
Diabetes as serious | 5 (8) | 56 (92) | ||
Diabetes less serious | 3 (3) | 109 (97) | ||
Has been spoken to by family member about possibility of getting diabetes (n = 309) | Yes | 5 (3) | 139 (97) | X2 = 3.35, 1 df, p = 0.07 |
No | 14 (8) | 151 (92) |
Characteristic | Values | Number spoken to about risk of diabetes (%) | Statistic |
---|---|---|---|
Age (n = 322) | < 40 years (n = 150) | 90 (60) | X2 = 17.77, 2 df, p < 0.001 |
40-49 years (n = 97) | 34 (35) | ||
> 49 years (n = 75) | 29 (39) | ||
Gender (n = 326) | Male (n = 105) | 43 (41) | X2 = 2.7, 1 df, p = 0.10 |
Female (n = 221) | 113 (51) | ||
Marital status (n = 324) | Single/widowed (n = 98) | 56 (57) | X2 = 4.87, 1 df, p = 0.027 |
Married/cohabiting (n = 226) | 99 (44) | ||
Occupation (n = 288) | Management/Professions (n = 82) | 36 (44) | X2 = 13.47, 3 df, p = 0.004 |
Skilled workers (n = 78) | 34 (44) | ||
Unskilled workers (n = 46) | 33 (72) | ||
No employment (n = 82) | 33 (40) | ||
Number of first degree relatives with diabetes (n = 307) | One (n = 261) | 130 (50) | X2 = 4.85, 1 df, p = 0.028 |
More than one (n = 46) | 15 (33) | ||
Relative who gave questionnaire (n = 310) | Father (n = 137) | 68 (51) | X2 = 9.09, 3 df, p = 0.028 |
Mother (n = 88) | 47 (53) | ||
Sibling (n = 74) | 26 (35) | ||
Other (n = 11) | 8 (73) | ||
Likely to develop diabetes in life (n = 321) | Not at all/Not very likely (n = 140) | 53 (38) | X2 = 9.57, 1 df, p = 0.002 |
Quite/Very likely (n = 181) | 100 (55) | ||
Likely to develop diabetes if no family history (n = 320) | Not at all/Not very (n = 198) | 81 (41) | X2 = 9.92, 1 df, p = 0.002 |
Quite/Very likely (n = 122) | 72 (59) | ||
Worry that may get diabetes (n = 320) | No/Rarely (n = 167) | 68 (41) | X2 = 5.9, 1 df, p = 0.015 |
Sometimes/Often (n = 153) | 84 (55) | ||
Ratio seriousness diabetes to arthritis (n = 314) | Diabetes more serious (n = 118) | 70 (59) | X2 = 11.4, 2 df, p = 0.003 |
Diabetes as serious (n = 133) | 53 (44) | ||
Diabetes less serious (n = 63) | 22 (35) | ||
Ratio seriousness diabetes to cancer (n = 315) | Diabetes as serious (n = 110) | 55 (50) | X2 = 0.29, 1 df, p = 0.59 |
Diabetes less serious (n = 205) | 96 (47) | ||
Knowledge that parent with T2D is risk (n = 326) | Yes (n = 174) | 99 (57) | X2 = 13.08, 1 df, p < 0.001 |
No (n = 152) | 56 (37) | ||
Knowledge that sibling with T2D is risk (n = 326) | Yes (n = 96) | 52 (54) | X2 = 2.39, 1 df, p = 0.12 |
No (n = 230) | 104(45) |