Background
Method
Study design & population
Equipment and software
Overall experimental procedure
Hand grip strength (HGS) procedure
Lower limb strength (LS) procedure
Statistical analysis
Ethics
Results
Age group (years) | Gender & number | Age (years) | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | Medicine (number) | Smoking (N;C + P) % | Physical activity level work | Physical activity level leisure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20–29 | M 22 | 24.5 ± 2.5 | 184 ± 4.8 | 85 ± 11.7 | 23.2 ± 3.2 | 0 [0–1] | 86;14 | 2;1 | 3;1.25 |
F 36 | 25;3.8a | 167 ± 5.8 | 62 ± 7.5 | 23.2 ± 3.2 | 0 [0–1] | 86;14 | 2;1 | 3;1 | |
30–39 | M 15 | 33.3 ± 2.4 | 182 ± 4.8 | 85 ± 17.8 | 25.9 ± 5.7 | 0 [0–0] | 73;27 | 2;0 | 3;1 |
F 30 | 33.5;6.3a | 167 ± 5.9 | 73 ± 16.3 | 26.0 ± 5.7 | 0 [0–1] | 80;20 | 2;1 | 2.5;1 | |
40–49 | M 20 | 44.7 ± 2.9 | 182 ± 6.0 | 90 ± 15.4 | 27.2 ± 4.7 | 0 [0–0] | 55;45 | 2;1 | 3;2 |
F 21 | 46;5.0a | 170 ± 4.5 | 79 ± 15.3 | 27.2 ± 4.7 | 0 [0–0] | 67;33 | 2,5;1,75 | 3;1.5 | |
50–59 | M 16 | 54.9 ± 3.3 | 183 ± 6.1 | 87 ± 12.4 | 25.9 ± 3.8 | 0 [0–1] | 63;38 | 2,5;1 | 3;1 |
F 30 | 54.4 ± 2.9 | 166 ± 6.9 | 73 ± 12.9 | 25.8 ± 3.9 | 1 [0–2] | 53;47 | 2;2 | 2;1 | |
60–69 | M 19 | 65.3 ± 2.3 | 180 ± 7.0 | 94 ± 18.8 | 27.5 ± 5.7 | 0 [0–4] | 42;58 | 2;2 | 3;1 |
F 35 | 66;6.0a | 166 ± 5.6 | 73 ± 14.2 | 27.6 ± 5.7 | 1 [0–2] | 60;40 | 3;1 | 3;1 | |
70–79 | M 32 | 73.5 ± 2.8 | 178 ± 6.2 | 86 ± 10.9 | 26.9 ± 3.9 | 1 [0–3] | 44;56 |
b
| 3;1 |
F 33 | 73.6 ± 2.8 | 167 ± 5.4 | 74 ± 12.7 | 26.9 ± 3.9 | 1 [1–5] | 64;36 |
b
| 2;1 | |
80+ | M 20 | 85.6 ± 4.1 | 175 ± 5.1 | 82 ± 10.6 | 25.8 ± 3.5 | 3 [0–6] | 35;65 |
b
| 2;2 |
F 25 | 85.6 ± 4.0 | 163 ± 6.6 | 67 ± 11.6 | 25.7 ± 3.6 | 3 [1–5] | 52;48 |
b
| 3;1.5 |
Age group(years) | Gender & number | HGS-D | HGS-ND | LS-D | LS-ND |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20–29 | M 22 | 35.4 ± 8.4 | 33.0 ± 7.0 | 238.8 ± 56.5 | 232.5 ± 58.1 |
F 36 | 21.7 ± 3.5 | 19.9 ± 4.5 | 172.8 ± 37.5 | 165.1 ± 38.0 | |
30–39 | M 15 | 37.5 ± 6.9 | 35.3 ± 4.2 | 250.7 ± 46.6 | 241.6 ± 42.6 |
F 30 | 22.8 ± 4.1 | 20.8 ± 3.6 | 152.4 ± 40.0 | 149.2 ± 37.4 | |
40–49 | M 20 | 37.4 ± 7.3 | 34.9 ± 8.1 | 206.8 ± 65.8 | 210.8 ± 64.9 |
F 21 | 23.2 ± 3.9 | 21.3 ± 3.2 | 162.7 ± 52.9 | 158.5 ± 51.5 | |
50–59 | M 16 | 32.7 ± 5.3 | 31.2 ± 7.0 | 197.3 ± 46.4 | 181.9 ± 48.7 |
F 30 | 20.8 ± 4.2 | 18.7 ± 4.5 | 128.9 ± 46.7 | 125 ± 42 | |
60–69 | M 19 | 30.3 ± 7.1 | 28.1 ± 7.3 | 174.7 ± 57.0 | 168.6 ± 50.5 |
F 35 | 17.9 ± 2.9 | 15.7 ± 3.2 | 104.3 ± 31.4 | 100.7 ± 30.6 | |
70–79 | M 32 | 25.0 ± 7.3 | 24.3 ± 6.4 | 148.2 ± 48.8 | 145.0 ± 46.6 |
F 33 | 15.7 ± 3.7 | 14.4 ± 3.0 | 98.9 ± 34.9 | 99.1 ± 35.7 | |
80+ | M 20 | 18.5 ± 4.6 | 17.6 ± 4.2 | 111.8 ± 36.4 | 108.7 ± 40.8 |
F 25 | 11.9 ± 2.0 | 11.7 ± 2.7 | 53.5 (33.1)a | 63.8 ± 28.3 |
Age group (years) | Gender & number | HGS-D 10,25,75,90 | HGS-ND 10,25,75,90 | LS-D 10,25,75,90 | LS-ND 10,25,75,90 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20–29 | M 22 | 24,31,41,47 | 25,29,38,42 | 151,189,285,311 | 137,197,270,313 |
F 36 | 17,20,24,26 | 14,17,23,25 | 116,149,202,223 | 108,134,194,218 | |
30–39 | M 15 | 27,33,44,46 | 28,33,37,41 | 176,209,297,310 | 184,206,277,303 |
F 30 | 19,21,26,29 | 17,19,23,25 | 86,122,182,198 | 91,122,180,202 | |
40–49 | M 20 | 28,32,42,48 | 24,28,40,42 | 110,155,248,301 | 132,154,265,306 |
F 21 | 18,20,26,29 | 16,19,24,25 | 91,114,204,226 | 85,111,199,223 | |
50–59 | M 16 | 27,29,35,42 | 23,27,35,42 | 135,158,244,264 | 101,153,216,239 |
F 30 | 16,18,24,28 | 13,15,22,24 | 68,89,150,193 | 71,87,150,201 | |
60–69 | M 19 | 22,25,35,44 | 19,22,35,39 | 93,122,211,234 | 95,118,214,238 |
F 35 | 14,16,20,22 | 12,13,18,20 | 62,84,120,156 | 62,80,120,158 | |
70–79 | M 32 | 16,19,31,36 | 16,19,30,34 | 94,111,175,217 | 92,105,179,205 |
F 33 | 10,14,18,21 | 10,12,16,19 | 56,71,110,159 | 54,70,120,166 | |
80+ | M 20 | 10,16,21,25 | 11,15,21,23 | 65,79,145,164 | 56,73,145,174 |
F 25 | 8.7,11,13,14 | 8.5, 9.7, 13, 16 | 31,40,73,110 | 32,43,77,111 |
Variable | R | R squared | F-value (p-value) | Regression coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hand grip strength | ||||
Male | .644 | .414 | 100.5 (< 0.001) | −0.27 (95% CI: −0.33;-0.22) |
Female | .648 | .420 | 150.4 (< 0.001) | −0.15 (95% CI: −0.17;-0.13) |
Lower limb strength | ||||
Male | .674 | .455 | 116.7 (< 0.001) | −2.14 (95% CI: −2.53;-1.75) |
Female | .662 | .436 | 159.3 (< 0.001) | −1.62 (95% CI: −1.87;-1.36) |