Background
Methods
Design and ethics
Participants eligibility
Measurements
Measures across all the ICF dimensions: body function, activity, and participation
Measures on the ICF body function dimension
Measures on the ICF activity dimension
Measures on the ICF participation dimension
Procedures
Data processing
Process: recruitment change, age-mismatch, and sensitivity analysis
Statistics analysis
Qualitative analyses
Results
Flow of participants and centres
Participant characteristics
ICF | Variables | Cases (n = 28) | Controls (n = 31) | M or Med diff | M or Med d or WG 95% CI | Statistics t, χ2, U | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Personal factors | Female, n (%) | 18 (64) | 16 (52) | 379 (χ2) | 0.3294 | ||
Age, yrs., M (SD) | 61.7 (6.4) | 55.3 (8.0) | 6.4 | 2.6, 10.2 | 3.4 (t) | 0.0014† | |
Height, m, M (SD) | 1.72 (0.10) | 1.73 (0.09) | −0.02 | −0.07, 0.03 | − 0.7 (t) | 0.517 | |
Weight, kg, M (SD) | 82.9 (12.7) | 80.4 (16.6) | 2.5 | −5.2, 10.3 | 0.7 (t) | 0.517 | |
BMI, kg/m2, M (SD) | 24.3 (3.5) | 25.2 (5.1) | 1.1 | −1.1, 3.3 | 1.0 (t) | 0.317 | |
Education, n (%) | |||||||
secondary school (10 yrs) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |||||
high school (13 yrs) | 6 (21) | 6 (19) | |||||
graduate (16 yrs) | 14 (50) | 13 (42) | |||||
post graduate (18 yrs. +) | 7 (25) | 12 (39) | 368 (U) | 0.281 | |||
Dominant leg (right, left, n) | 26, 2 | 28, 3 | |||||
Patients’ body function & structure & activity factors | Yrs since diagnosis, M (SD) | 10.2 (8.6) | 6.9, 13.6 | ||||
Yrs of knee pain, n (%) | |||||||
1 yrs | 2 (7) | ||||||
1 to 3 yrs. | 3 (11) | ||||||
3 to 10 yrs | 7 (25) | ||||||
> 10 yrs | 16 (57) | ||||||
Affected knee (n, %) | |||||||
One | 14 (50) | ||||||
Both | 14 (50) | ||||||
Pain medication (n, %) | |||||||
None | 15 (54) | ||||||
Paracetamol | 5 (18) | ||||||
NSAIDs | 5 (18) | ||||||
Opoids | 2 (7) | ||||||
Others | 1 (4) | ||||||
TSK Fear of mov., M (SD) | 24.4 (7.7) | 21.4, 27.4 | |||||
PSFS Activity 1, Med (IQR) | 3.0 (5.0) | 1.0, 5.0 | |||||
Case-group only | |||||||
X-ray grade (n knees, %) | Inv. leg | Uninv. leg | |||||
No X-rays taken | 0 (0) | 10 (36) | |||||
KL-grade II | 9 (32) | 9 (32) | |||||
KL-grade III | 17 (61) | 8 (29) | |||||
KL-grade IV | 2 (7) | 1 (4) |
Main results
ICF | Variables | Cases (n = 28) | Control (n = 31) | Unadj M d % | Adj M d % | D %, U - A | ES Eta2 | ES inter-pret. | P | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadj M (SD) | Adj M (SE) | Unadj M (SD) | Adj M (SE) | Unadj | Adj | |||||||
Body Function Level | 30sCST, n | 14.0 (4.2) | 14.2 (0.8) | 16.3 (4.2) | 16.2 (0.8) | 15.2 | 13.2 | 2 | 0.049 | Small | 0.042* | 0.096 |
RPE-6MWT | 6.0 (1.8) | 6.1 (0.3) | 5.5 (1.7) | 5.4 (0.3) | 8.7 | 12.2 | −3.5 | 0.039 | Small | 0.257 | 0.139 | |
RPE-10StUpDw | 3.3 (1.7) | 3.4 (0.3) | 3.1 (1.3) | 3.1 (0.3) | 6.3 | 9.2 | −2.9 | 0.011 | Small | 0.546 | 0.427 | |
Knee ext strength inv. leg, Nm/kg | 1.16 (0.48) | 1.15 (0.09) | 1.46 (0.38) | 1.48 (0.08) | 22.9 | 25.1 | −2.2 | 0.108 | Mod. | 0.010* | 0.012* | |
Knee ext strength uninv. Leg, Nm/kg | 1.45 (0.36) | 1.45 (0.08) | 1.64 (0.46) | 1.64 (0.08) | 12.3 | 12.3 | 0.0 | 0.043 | Small | 0.088 | 0.12 | |
Activity Level | 10StUpDwT, sec | 10.8 (3.1) | 10.4 (0.4) | 7.8 (1.1) | 8.1 (0.4) | 32.2 | 24.9 | 7.3 | 0.198 | Large | 3.6E-5‡ | 4.7E-04† |
TUG, sec | 6.6 (1.2) | 6.5 (0.2) | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.8 (0.2) | 14.6 | 11.4 | 2.2 | 0.84 | Mod. | 0.0014† | 0.027* | |
6MWT, m | 642.5 (94.6) | 651.5 (16.6) | 717.4 (75.4) | 709.2 (15.7) | 11.0 | 8.4 | 2.6 | 0.094 | Mod. | 0.0014† | 0.019* | |
Particip. | Örebo PsySoc | 39.0 (12.7) | 38.0 (2.2) | 12.8 (9.6) | 13.7 (2.1) | 101.2 | 93.0 | 8.2 | 0.515 | V. L. | 1.6E-12§ | 2.3E-10§ |
Mod.-int. act., min/wk | 286.0 (169.1) | 306.6 (29.1) | 382.5 (134.5) | 363.7 (27.5) | 28.9 | 17.0 | 11.9 | 0.032 | Small* | 0.018* | 0.17 |
ICF | Variables | Cases (n = 28) | Controls (n = 31) | ES or Med d | ES or Med d 95% CI | Stats t, χ2, U, M | P | E Abs ES or C’s d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body Function | Pain last wk., Med (IQR) (R) | 3.5 (4.8) | 0.0 (1.0) | 3.0 | 3.0, 5.0 | 0.000 (U) | 2.0E-12§ | 3.3 |
KOOS Pain, Med (IQR) | 58.8 (18.8) | 98.4 (3.6) | −38.9 | −52.8, −30.6 | 5.0 (U) | 1.8E-11§ | 3.2 | |
KOOS Symptoms, Med (IQR) | 58.9 (33.9) | 98.4 (3.6) | −35.8 | −42.9, −28.6 | 4.0 (U) | 4.6E-11§ | 3.2 | |
Pain-10StUpDw, Med (IQR) (R) | 2.0 (3.0) | 0.0 (3.0) | 2.0 | 1.0, 3.0 | 108 (U) | 1.7E-08§ | 1.7 | |
Pain-30sCST, Med (IQR) | 2.0 (5.0) | 0.0 (0.1) | 2.0 | 1.0, 4.0 | 124 (U) | 2.4E-08§ | 1.6 | |
Pain-6MWT, Med (IQR) (R) | 3.5 (6.8) | 0.0 (3.0) | 2.0 | 0.0, 5.0 | 130 (U) | 0.00061‡ | 1.5 | |
Pain-TUG, Med (IQR) | 0.1 (2.7) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.2 | 0.0, 1.0 | 217 (U) | 1.0E-5‡ | 0.9 | |
Knee ext. strength inv. leg, M (SD) | 1.16 (0.48) | 1.46 (0.38) | −0.7 | −0.2, −1.2 | 1.592 (t) | 0.010* | 0.7 | |
30sTSLS inv. leg (s), Med (IQR) | 11.0 (25.4) | 29.8 (7.3) | −9.1 | −21.1, 0.0 | 292 (U) | 0.0291* | 0.6 | |
30sCST (n), M (SD) | 14.0 (4.2) | 16.3 (4.2) | −0.5 | − 1.1, 0.0 | −2.1 (t) | 0.0422 | 0.5 | |
Knee ext. stren., uninv. leg, M (SD) | 1.45 (0.36) | 1.64 (0.46) | −0.5 | −1.0, 0.1 | − 1.74 (t) | 0.088 | 0.5 | |
TSLS uninv leg (s), Med (IQR) | 15.9 (23.5) | 29.5 (16.0) | −5.4 | −14.1, 0.0 | 329 (U) | 0.1071 | 0.4 | |
RPE-6MWT, M (SD) | 6.0 (1.8) | 5.5 (1.7) | 0.3 | −0.2, 0.8 | 1.1 (t) | 0.2577 | 0.3 | |
RPE-10StUpDwT, M (SD) | 3.3 (1.7) | 3.1 (1.3) | 0.2 | −0.3, 0.7 | 0.6 (t) | 0.5368 | 0.2 | |
RPE-30sCST, Med (IQR) | 3.0 (3.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | 0.0 | −1.0, 1.0 | 420 (U) | 0.8266 | 0.1 | |
Activity | KOOS Sport/Rec, Med (IQR) | 30.0 (25.6) | 100 (5.0) | −65.0 | −75.0, −60.0 | 4.0 (U) | 2.3E-11§ | 3.2 |
KOOS ADL, Med (IQR) (R) | 67.7 (39.6) | 100.0 (13.9) | −32.4 | −38.2, −14.7 | 28.5 (U) | 9.5E-11§ | 2.7 | |
10StUpDwT (s), M (SD) | 10.8 (3.1) | 7.8 (1.1) | 1.3 | 0.7, 1.9 | 5.0 (t) | 3.6E-05‡ | 1.3 | |
Timed Up-and-Go (s), M (SD) | 6.6 (1.2) | 5.7 (0.9) | 0.9 | 0.3, 1.4 | 3.4 (t) | 0.0014† | 0.9 | |
6MWT (m), M (SD) | 642.5 (94.6) | 717.4 (75.4) | −0.9 | −1.4, −0.3 | −3.4 (t) | 0.0014† | 0.9 | |
Participation | KOOS QoL, Med (IQR) (R) | 43.8 (25.0) | 100.0 (25.0) | −56.2 | −62.5, −43.8 | 1.0 (U) | 9.8E-12§ | 3.3 |
Örebo PsySoc, M (SD) | 39.0 (12.7) | 12.8 (9.6) | 2.3 | 1.7, 3.0 | 9.0 (t) | 1.6E-12§ | 2.3 | |
Vig.-int. act. (min/wk), Med (IQR) | 1.0 (15.3) | 29.0 (63.0) | −23.0 | −46.0, −10 | 167.5 (U) | 4.5E-05‡ | 1.2 | |
EUROHIS-QoL, Med (IQR) | 33.0 (4.4) | 36.0 (6.0) | −3.0 | −5.0, −1.0 | 274.5 (U) | 0.015* | 0.7 | |
Mod.-int. act. (min/wk), M (SD) | 286.0 (169.1) | 382.5 (134.5) | −0.6 | −1.2, −0.1 | −2.4 (t) | 0.018* | 0.6 | |
Light-int. act. M (SD) | 1553.0 (444.9) | 1494.9 (468.6) | 0.1 | −0.4, 0.6 | 0.5 (t) | 0.63 | 0.1 | |
Sed.-int. act. (min/wk); M (SD) | 8141.9 (663.1) | 8197.5 (662.9) | −0.1 | −0.6, 0.4 | −0.3 (t) | 0.74 | 0.1 |