Background
Methods
Inclusion criteria
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient’s delay and primary subjective reasons
Initial symptoms
Risk factors associated with patient’s delay
Variables | Treatment seeking (%) | Multivariate analysisa
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Undelayed (n = 69) | Delayed (n = 185) | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | ||
Marital status | Married | 54 (78.3) | 124 (67.0) | Reference | |
Cohabitation | 4 (5.8) | 6 (3.2) | 0.439 (0.086–2.239) | 0.322 | |
Single | 11 (15.9) | 55 (29.7) | 2.372 (1.025–5.490) | 0.044 | |
Frequency of sexual intercourse/mo | ≥5 times | 15 (21.7) | 26 (14.1) | Reference | |
2–4 times | 43 (62.3) | 104 (56.2) | 1.102 (0.452–2.685) | 0.831 | |
0–1 time | 11 (15.9) | 55 (29.7) | 2.714 (0.918–8.022) | 0.071 | |
Education | ≥ Graduate | 13 (18.8) | 21 (11.4) | Reference | |
Secondary school | 37 (53.6) | 84 (45.4) | 1.238 (0.476–3.224) | 0.662 | |
≤ Primary school | 19 (27.5) | 80 (43.2) | 2.053 (0.741–5.687) | 0.167 | |
Place of residence | City or town | 43 (62.3) | 80 (43.2) | Reference | |
Rural area | 26 (37.7) | 105 (56.8) | 2.524 (1.276–4.994) | 0.008 | |
Utilization of Internet | Almost everyday | 19 (27.5) | 38 (20.5) | Reference | |
Occasionally | 38 (55.1) | 81 (43.8) | 0.553 (0.235–1.304) | 0.176 | |
Never | 12 (17.4) | 66 (35.7) | 1.866 (0.706–4.931) | 0.208 | |
Drinking alcohol habit, ml/week | Never or occasionally | 19 (27.5) | 32 (17.3) | Reference | |
Slight (≤400a) | 43 (62.3) | 119 (64.3) | 1.380 (0.620–3.068) | 0.430 | |
Heavy (>400) | 7 (10.1) | 34 (18.4) | 3.574 (1.119–11.416) | 0.032 | |
Family history of cancer | Yes | 21 (30.4) | 34 (18.4) | Reference | |
None | 48 (69.6) | 151 (81.6) | 1.999 (0.946–4.225) | 0.070 | |
Initial symptom | Warts or tumors | 18 (26.1) | 33 (17.8) | Reference | |
Superficial fissure with/without pain | 7 (10.1) | 15 (8.1) | 1.223 (0.366–4.093) | 0.744 | |
Erythema or eczema with/without pruritus | 12 (17.4) | 54 (29.2) | 3.224 (1.165–8.925) | 0.024 | |
Ulceration | 15 (21.7) | 30 (16.2) | 0.840 (0.306–2.308) | 0.736 | |
Induration | 6 (8.7) | 32 (17.3) | 3.592 (1.068–12.084) | 0.039 | |
Infection | 8 (11.6) | 10 (5.4) | 0.682 (0.181–2.574) | 0.573 | |
Uncertain or cannot recall | 3 (4.3) | 11 (5.9) | 2.232 (0.481–10.356) | 0.305 | |
History of STIs | None or uncertain | 34 (49.3) | 116 (62.7) | Reference | |
Condyloma acuminatum | 15 (21.7) | 20 (10.8) | 0.322 (0.128–0.812) | 0.016 | |
Gonorrhea | 7 (10.1) | 24 (13.0) | 1.218 (0.420–3.534) | 0.716 | |
Syphilis | 4 (5.8) | 3 (1.6) | 0.293 (0.048–1.809) | 0.186 | |
Nongonococcal urethritis | 6 (8.7) | 16 (8.6) | 0.872 (0.249–3.050) | 0.830 | |
≥2 STIs | 3 (4.3) | 6 (3.2) | 0.511 (0.091–2.873) | 0.446 |
Negative consequences associated with patient’s delay
Variables | Lesion size, cm (≤2 vs. >2a) | Primary tumor (Tisb/Ta/T1a vs. T1b–T4) | Lymph nodes (N0 vs. N1–N3) | Distant metastasis (M0 vs. M1) | Primary strategies (penis-sparingc vs. othersd) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | |
Undelayed (n = 69) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
Delay 1–3 months (n = 69) | 1.432 (0.679–3.018) | 0.342 | 1.502 (0.616–3.660) | 0.369 | 1.920 (0.609–6.055) | 0.259 | 1.015 (0.986–1.044) | 1.000e
| 1.446 (0.543–3.850) | 0.459 |
Delay 3–6 months (n = 54) | 3.294 (1.533–7.077) | 0.002 | 2.950 (1.227–7.092) | 0.013 | 6.400 (2.192–18.689) | <0.001 | 1.059 (0.992–1.130) | 0.082e
| 3.530 (1.376–8.891) | 0.007 |
Delay >6 months (n = 62) | 6.424 (2.993–13.787) | <0.001 | 3.726 (1.604–8.656) | 0.002 | 7.549 (2.653–21.483) | <0.001 | 1.107 (1.021–1.201) | 0.010e
| 4.497 (1.830–11.052) | 0.001 |
IIEF-15 domains | Erectile function (19–30a vs. 0–18) | Orgasmic function (7–10a vs. 0–6) | Sexual desire (7–10a vs. 0–6) | Intercourse satisfaction (10–15a vs. 0–9) | Overall satisfaction (7–10a vs. 0–6) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | |
Undelayed (n = 58) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
Delay 1–3 months (n = 60) | 1.554 (0.650–3.712) | 0.319 | 1.660 (0.755–3.650) | 0.206 | 1.529 (0.508–4.608) | 0.448 | 1.571 (0.702–3.519) | 0.270 | 1.643 (0.708–3.812) | 0.246 |
Delay 3–6 months (n = 37) | 2.913 (1.151–7.371) | 0.021 | 2.716 (1.135–6.498) | 0.023 | 2.391 (0.756–7.565) | 0.131 | 2.977 (1.233–7.190) | 0.014 | 2.921 (1.177–7.250) | 0.019 |
Delay >6 months (n = 41) | 3.344 (1.358–8.231) | 0.007 | 3.010 (1.288–7.034) | 0.010 | 3.178 (1.067–9.466) | 0.032 | 3.639 (1.541–8.594) | 0.003 | 3.311 (1.368–8.009) | 0.007 |
Variables | Overall survival, year (≥2 vs. <2) | Overall survival, year (≥5 vs. <5) | Relapses within 2 yearsa (none vs. relapsesb) | Relapses within 5 yearsa (none vs. relapsesb) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | OR (95 % CI) |
p value | ||
Undelayed (n = 63) | Reference | Reference | Undelayed (n = 63) | Reference | Reference | ||||
Delay 1–3 months (n = 64) | 0.984 (0.134–7.209) | 1.000e
| 1.309 (0.456–3.762) | 0.616 | Delay 1–3 months (n = 62) | 0.803 (0.307–2.097) | 0.653 | 0.870 (0.395–1.914) | 0.728 |
Delay 3–6 months (n = 46) | 2.905 (0.509–16.587) | 0.238e
| 1.684 (0.564–5.034) | 0.347 | Delay 3–6 months (n = 46) | 0.709 (0.242–2.081) | 0.530 | 0.694 (0.286–1.689) | 0.420 |
Delay >6 months (n = 55) | 5.191 (1.053–25.598) | 0.043e
| 2.476 (0.909–6.746) | 0.070 | Delay >6 months (n = 54) | 0.945 (0.359–2.487) | 0.909 | 0.714 (0.307–1.659) | 0.433 |