Background
Methods
Millennium Cohort Study
Potential Risk Factors
Statistical analysis
Results
White/European (n = 15062) | Asian (n = 1845) | African (n = 654) | |
---|---|---|---|
Obese % (95%CI) | 5.4% (5.0%-5.8%) | 7.1% (5.8%-8.6%) | 11.7% (8.9%-15%) |
4.3% (2.6%-7% -Indian) | |||
6.9% (5.2-9%-Pakastani), | |||
11.7% (8.3%-16.2%- Bangladeshi), | |||
5.4 (2.3%-12.1%-Other) | |||
Missing at age 5 | 3095 (20.5%) | 514 (28%) | 207 (32%) |
Income (at recruitment)
| |||
Less than £10,400 | 25% (24%-26%) | 41% (38%-43%) | 53% (48%-57%) |
£10,400-£20,800 | 33% (32%-34%) | 40% (38%-43%) | 26% (23%-30%) |
£20,800+ | 42% (41%-43%) | 19% (17%-21%) | 21% (24%-31%) |
Missing | 1050 (7.0%) | 341 (18.5%) | 108 (16.5%) |
Education (at recruitment)
| |||
No qualifications | 16.5% (16%-17%) | 45% (43%-48%) | 33% (30%-37%) |
O'level equivalent (education to age 16) | 48% (47.5%-49%) | 30% (28%-32%) | 32% (28%-36%) |
A'level equivalent (education to age 18) | 10% (9%-10%) | 8.6% (7%-10%) | 8% (6%-10%) |
University (education to age 20+) | 25% (25%-26%) | 16% (14%-18%) | 27% (24%-31%) |
Missing | 251 (1.7%) | 237 (12.9%) | 50 (7.7%) |
Birth weight
| |||
Kg.(s.d.) | 3.398 kg (0.57) | 3.09 kg (0.59) | 3.237 kg (0.63) |
Missing | 33 (0.3%) | 8 (0.6%) | (1.2%) |
Solid food <3 months
| 29% (28%-30%) | 11% (10%-13%) | 14% (12%-17%) |
Missing | 65 (0.43%) | 35 (1.9%) | 8 (1.2%) |
Enjoys physical activity (age 5)
| 77% (76%-77%) | 74% (72%-76%) | 81% (77%-84%) |
Missing | 2983 (19.8%) | 505 (27.4%) | 198 (30.28%) |
Watches more than 3 hours of TV
| 15% (14%-15%) | 18% (16%-20%) | 18% (15%-22%) |
Missing | 2980 (19.8%) | 504 (27.3%) | 200 (30%) |
Smoking near child
| 16% (15%-16%) | 6% (5%-8%) | 5% (3%-7%) |
Missing | 2986 (19.8%) | 507 (27.5%) | 199 (30.4%) |
Mothers pre-pregnancy weight (kg)
| 63.7 (12.5) | 58.4 (11.5) | 67.9 (14.1) |
Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
For families where child is obese -Parent unconcerned about child's weight
| 31% (28%-34.7%) | 40% (29%-50%) | 54% 41%-67% |
Eating habits
Physical activity
Sedentary behaviour
Indoor activities with child
Family behaviours
Socioeconomic factors
White/European n = 15062 | Asian n = 1845 | African n = 654 | |
---|---|---|---|
Income | |||
Less than £10,400 | 7% (6.1%-8.1) | 8.7%(6.4%-11.8%) | 13.3% (9.1%-19%) |
£10,400-£20,800 | 5.5%(4.8%-6.3%) | 6.2% (4.3%-8.8%) | 9% (4.8%-16%) |
£20,800+ | 4.5% (3.9%-5.1%) | 5.4% (3.1%-9.3%) | 17.8% (11%-27%) |
Education
| |||
No qualifications | 7.1% (5.9%-8.4%) | 9.2% (7%-12%) | 11% (6.9%-17.5%) |
O'level equivalent (education to age 16) | 6.3% (5.7%-6.9%) | 5.5% (3.5%-8.4%) | 13% (8.9%-20%) |
A'level equivalent (Education to age 18) | 3.7% (2.8%-4.9%) | 3.6% (1.4%-8.8%) | 0% (denominator = 29) |
University | 3.5% (3.0%-4.2%) | 5.5% (3.1%-9.6%) | |
(Education to age 20+) | 13% (8.7%-20.7%) |
Birth weight
Adjusted Regression analysis
Risk factor | Odd ratio | 95%CI |
---|---|---|
Ethnic group Asian (compared to White/European) | 1.7* | 1.2-2.3 |
Ethnic group African (compared to White/European) | 2.7** | 1.9-3.9 |
Birth weight (per kg increase in weight) | 1.4 | 1.2-1.65 |
Does not enjoys physical activity (per unit increase (scale 1-5: 1 very much enjoys, 5 very much dislikes)) | 1.4 | 1.2-1.5 |
Watches more than 3 hours of TV a day | 1.3 | 1.1-1.7 |
Solid food before 3 months | 1.2 | 1.02-1.5 |
Smoking near child | 1.3 | 1.02-1.6 |
Mothers pre-pregnancy weight (> 60 Kg) | 1.9 | 1.6-2.3 |
Leaving school at age 18 (A'level) compared to leaving at age 16 (no qualifications or O'levels). | 0.55 | 0.4-0.77 |
Leaving school at age 20+ (University) compared to leaving school at 16 (no qualifications or O'levels). | 0.67 | 0.53-0.83 |
Income >£20,800 (compared to <£10,400) | 0.84 | 0.67-1.0 |
Income £10,400-£20,800 (compared to <£10,400) | 0.76 | 0.61-0.93 |
Indoor activities (per unit increase on a 0-30 scale). | 1.06 | 1.03-1.08 |