Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Drugs & Aging 6/2016

06.05.2016 | Review Article

Safety and Efficacy of Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Older Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Staying the Distance

verfasst von: Alla Ishchenko, Rik J. Lories

Erschienen in: Drugs & Aging | Ausgabe 6/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The population of older individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is rapidly expanding, mainly due to increased life expectancy. While targeted biological therapies are well established for the treatment of this disease, their use may be lower in older patients (age > 65 years) and very old patients (age > 75 years) as a result of perceived higher risks for adverse events in this population, taking into account comorbidity, polypharmacy, and frailty. In this review, we discuss the available evidence for the use of biological therapies in this growing patient group with specific attention towards the eventual reasons for biological treatment failure or withdrawal. The majority of data is found in secondary analyses of clinical trials and in retrospective cohorts. The most information available is on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers. Older patients seem to have a less robust response to anti-TNF agents than a younger population, but drug survival as a proxy for efficacy does not seem to be influenced by age. Despite an overall rate of adverse effects comparable to that in younger patients, older RA patients are at higher risk of serious infections. Other biologics appear to have an efficacy similar to anti-TNF agents, also in older RA patients. Again, the drug survival rates for tocilizumab, rituximab, and abatacept resemble those in young RA patients with good general tolerability and safety profiles. The cardiovascular risk and the risk of cancer, increased in RA patients and in the older RA patients, do not appear to be strongly influenced by biologicals.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudan I, Sidhu S, Papana A, Meng SJ, Xin-Wei Y, Wang W, et al. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and analysis. J Glob Health. 2015;5(1):010409. doi:10.7189/jogh.05.010409.PubMedCrossRef Rudan I, Sidhu S, Papana A, Meng SJ, Xin-Wei Y, Wang W, et al. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and analysis. J Glob Health. 2015;5(1):010409. doi:10.​7189/​jogh.​05.​010409.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamanaka H, Sugiyama N, Inoue E, Taniguchi A, Momohara S. Estimates of the prevalence of and current treatment practices for rheumatoid arthritis in Japan using reimbursement data from health insurance societies and the IORRA cohort (I). Modern Rheumatol Jpn Rheum Assoc. 2014;24(1):33–40. doi:10.3109/14397595.2013.854059.CrossRef Yamanaka H, Sugiyama N, Inoue E, Taniguchi A, Momohara S. Estimates of the prevalence of and current treatment practices for rheumatoid arthritis in Japan using reimbursement data from health insurance societies and the IORRA cohort (I). Modern Rheumatol Jpn Rheum Assoc. 2014;24(1):33–40. doi:10.​3109/​14397595.​2013.​854059.CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Brighton SW, de la Harpe AL, van Staden DJ, Badenhorst JH, Myers OL. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in a rural African population. J Rheumatol. 1988;15(3):405–8.PubMed Brighton SW, de la Harpe AL, van Staden DJ, Badenhorst JH, Myers OL. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in a rural African population. J Rheumatol. 1988;15(3):405–8.PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Carbonell J, Cobo T, Balsa A, Descalzo MA, Carmona L, Group SS. The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in Spain: results from a nationwide primary care registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47(7):1088–92. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken205.CrossRef Carbonell J, Cobo T, Balsa A, Descalzo MA, Carmona L, Group SS. The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in Spain: results from a nationwide primary care registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47(7):1088–92. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​ken205.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Rasch EK, Hirsch R, Paulose-Ram R, Hochberg MC. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in persons 60 years of age and older in the United States: effect of different methods of case classification. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(4):917–26. doi:10.1002/art.10897.PubMedCrossRef Rasch EK, Hirsch R, Paulose-Ram R, Hochberg MC. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in persons 60 years of age and older in the United States: effect of different methods of case classification. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(4):917–26. doi:10.​1002/​art.​10897.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Curtis JR, Yang S, Patkar NM, Chen L, Singh JA, Cannon GW, et al. Risk of hospitalized bacterial infections associated with biologic treatment among US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(7):990–7. doi:10.1002/acr.22281.PubMedCrossRef Curtis JR, Yang S, Patkar NM, Chen L, Singh JA, Cannon GW, et al. Risk of hospitalized bacterial infections associated with biologic treatment among US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(7):990–7. doi:10.​1002/​acr.​22281.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Franceschi C, Capri M, Monti D, Giunta S, Olivieri F, Sevini F, et al. Inflammaging and anti-inflammaging: a systemic perspective on aging and longevity emerged from studies in humans. Mech Ageing Dev. 2007;128(1):92–105. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2006.11.016.PubMedCrossRef Franceschi C, Capri M, Monti D, Giunta S, Olivieri F, Sevini F, et al. Inflammaging and anti-inflammaging: a systemic perspective on aging and longevity emerged from studies in humans. Mech Ageing Dev. 2007;128(1):92–105. doi:10.​1016/​j.​mad.​2006.​11.​016.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Vallejo AN, Mueller RG, Hamel DL Jr, Way A, Dvergsten JA, Griffin P, et al. Expansions of NK-like alphabetaT cells with chronologic aging: novel lymphocyte effectors that compensate for functional deficits of conventional NK cells and T cells. Ageing Res Rev. 2011;10(3):354–61. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.09.006.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Vallejo AN, Mueller RG, Hamel DL Jr, Way A, Dvergsten JA, Griffin P, et al. Expansions of NK-like alphabetaT cells with chronologic aging: novel lymphocyte effectors that compensate for functional deficits of conventional NK cells and T cells. Ageing Res Rev. 2011;10(3):354–61. doi:10.​1016/​j.​arr.​2010.​09.​006.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Vallejo AN, Schirmer M, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Clonality and longevity of CD4+ CD28 null T cells are associated with defects in apoptotic pathways. J Immunol. 2000;165(11):6301–7.PubMedCrossRef Vallejo AN, Schirmer M, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Clonality and longevity of CD4+ CD28 null T cells are associated with defects in apoptotic pathways. J Immunol. 2000;165(11):6301–7.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat de Vlam K, De Keyser F, Verbruggen G, Vandenbossche M, Vanneuville B, D’Haese D, et al. Detection and identification of antinuclear autoantibodies in the serum of normal blood donors. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1993;11(4):393–7.PubMed de Vlam K, De Keyser F, Verbruggen G, Vandenbossche M, Vanneuville B, D’Haese D, et al. Detection and identification of antinuclear autoantibodies in the serum of normal blood donors. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1993;11(4):393–7.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin Y, Damjanovic A, Metter EJ, Nguyen H, Truong T, Najarro K, et al. Age-associated telomere attrition of lymphocytes in vivo is co-ordinated with changes in telomerase activity, composition of lymphocyte subsets and health conditions. Clin Sci (Lond). 2015;128(6):367–77. doi:10.1042/CS20140481.PubMedCrossRef Lin Y, Damjanovic A, Metter EJ, Nguyen H, Truong T, Najarro K, et al. Age-associated telomere attrition of lymphocytes in vivo is co-ordinated with changes in telomerase activity, composition of lymphocyte subsets and health conditions. Clin Sci (Lond). 2015;128(6):367–77. doi:10.​1042/​CS20140481.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Mikuls T, Saag K, Criswell L, Merlino L, Cerhan JR. Health related quality of life in women with elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(5):952–7.PubMed Mikuls T, Saag K, Criswell L, Merlino L, Cerhan JR. Health related quality of life in women with elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(5):952–7.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Huscher D, Sengler C, Gromnica-Ihle E, Bischoff S, Eidner T, Ochs W, et al. Clinical presentation, burden of disease and treatment in young-onset and late-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a matched-pairs analysis taking age and disease duration into account. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31(2):256–62.PubMed Huscher D, Sengler C, Gromnica-Ihle E, Bischoff S, Eidner T, Ochs W, et al. Clinical presentation, burden of disease and treatment in young-onset and late-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a matched-pairs analysis taking age and disease duration into account. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31(2):256–62.PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ranganath VK, Maranian P, Elashoff DA, Woodworth T, Khanna D, Hahn T, et al. Comorbidities are associated with poorer outcomes in community patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(10):1809–17. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket224.CrossRef Ranganath VK, Maranian P, Elashoff DA, Woodworth T, Khanna D, Hahn T, et al. Comorbidities are associated with poorer outcomes in community patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(10):1809–17. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​ket224.CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdel-Nasser AM, Abd El-Azim S, Taal E, El-Badawy SA, Rasker JJ, Valkenburg HA. Depression and depressive symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis patients: an analysis of their occurrence and determinants. Br J Rheumatol. 1998;37(4):391–7.PubMedCrossRef Abdel-Nasser AM, Abd El-Azim S, Taal E, El-Badawy SA, Rasker JJ, Valkenburg HA. Depression and depressive symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis patients: an analysis of their occurrence and determinants. Br J Rheumatol. 1998;37(4):391–7.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat van der Heijde DM, van Riel PL, van Leeuwen MA, van’t Hof MA, van Rijswijk MH, van de Putte LB. Older versus younger onset rheumatoid arthritis: results at onset and after 2 years of a prospective followup study of early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1991;18(9):1285–9.PubMed van der Heijde DM, van Riel PL, van Leeuwen MA, van’t Hof MA, van Rijswijk MH, van de Putte LB. Older versus younger onset rheumatoid arthritis: results at onset and after 2 years of a prospective followup study of early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1991;18(9):1285–9.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Arnold MB, Bykerk VP, Boire G, Haraoui BP, Hitchon C, Thorne C, et al. Are there differences between young- and older-onset early inflammatory arthritis and do these impact outcomes? An analysis from the CATCH cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53(6):1075–86. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket449.CrossRef Arnold MB, Bykerk VP, Boire G, Haraoui BP, Hitchon C, Thorne C, et al. Are there differences between young- and older-onset early inflammatory arthritis and do these impact outcomes? An analysis from the CATCH cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53(6):1075–86. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​ket449.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Koller MD, Aletaha D, Funovits J, Pangan A, Baker D, Smolen JS. Response of elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis to methotrexate or TNF inhibitors compared with younger patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48(12):1575–80. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep291.CrossRef Koller MD, Aletaha D, Funovits J, Pangan A, Baker D, Smolen JS. Response of elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis to methotrexate or TNF inhibitors compared with younger patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48(12):1575–80. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​kep291.CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Sugihara T, Ishizaki T, Hosoya T, Iga S, Yokoyama W, Hirano F, et al. Structural and functional outcomes of a therapeutic strategy targeting low disease activity in patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study (CRANE). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(5):798–807. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keu395.CrossRef Sugihara T, Ishizaki T, Hosoya T, Iga S, Yokoyama W, Hirano F, et al. Structural and functional outcomes of a therapeutic strategy targeting low disease activity in patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study (CRANE). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(5):798–807. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​keu395.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Widdifield J, Bernatsky S, Paterson JM, Gunraj N, Thorne JC, Pope J, et al. Serious infections in a population-based cohort of 86,039 seniors with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(3):353–61. doi:10.1002/acr.21812.PubMedCrossRef Widdifield J, Bernatsky S, Paterson JM, Gunraj N, Thorne JC, Pope J, et al. Serious infections in a population-based cohort of 86,039 seniors with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(3):353–61. doi:10.​1002/​acr.​21812.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat England BR, Sayles H, Michaud K, Caplan L, Davis LA, Cannon GW, et al. Cause-specific mortality in US veteran men with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;. doi:10.1002/acr.22642.PubMed England BR, Sayles H, Michaud K, Caplan L, Davis LA, Cannon GW, et al. Cause-specific mortality in US veteran men with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;. doi:10.​1002/​acr.​22642.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Amari W, Zeringue AL, McDonald JR, Caplan L, Eisen SA, Ranganathan P. Risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in a national cohort of veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(8):1431–9. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ker113.CrossRef Amari W, Zeringue AL, McDonald JR, Caplan L, Eisen SA, Ranganathan P. Risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in a national cohort of veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(8):1431–9. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​ker113.CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Khurana R, Wolf R, Berney S, Caldito G, Hayat S, Berney SM. Risk of development of lung cancer is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a large case control study in US veterans. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(9):1704–8.PubMed Khurana R, Wolf R, Berney S, Caldito G, Hayat S, Berney SM. Risk of development of lung cancer is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a large case control study in US veterans. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(9):1704–8.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Harrison MJ, Kim CA, Silverberg M, Paget SA. Does age bias the aggressive treatment of elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis? J Rheumatol. 2005;32(7):1243–8.PubMed Harrison MJ, Kim CA, Silverberg M, Paget SA. Does age bias the aggressive treatment of elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis? J Rheumatol. 2005;32(7):1243–8.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Iwanaga N, Arima K, Terada K, Ueki Y, Horai Y, Suzuki T, et al. Risk factors of adverse events during treatment in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an observational study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2014;. doi:10.1111/1756-185X.12348. Iwanaga N, Arima K, Terada K, Ueki Y, Horai Y, Suzuki T, et al. Risk factors of adverse events during treatment in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an observational study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2014;. doi:10.​1111/​1756-185X.​12348.
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang J, Xie F, Delzell E, Yun H, Lewis JD, Haynes K, et al. Impact of biologic agents with and without concomitant methotrexate and at reduced doses in older rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67(5):624–32. doi:10.1002/acr.22510.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhang J, Xie F, Delzell E, Yun H, Lewis JD, Haynes K, et al. Impact of biologic agents with and without concomitant methotrexate and at reduced doses in older rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67(5):624–32. doi:10.​1002/​acr.​22510.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Genevay S, Finckh A, Ciurea A, Chamot AM, Kyburz D, Gabay C, et al. Tolerance and effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapies in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(4):679–85. doi:10.1002/art.22688.PubMedCrossRef Genevay S, Finckh A, Ciurea A, Chamot AM, Kyburz D, Gabay C, et al. Tolerance and effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapies in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(4):679–85. doi:10.​1002/​art.​22688.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Hetland ML, Christensen IJ, Tarp U, Dreyer L, Hansen A, Hansen IT, et al. Direct comparison of treatment responses, remission rates, and drug adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab: results from eight years of surveillance of clinical practice in the nationwide Danish DANBIO registry. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(1):22–32. doi:10.1002/art.27227.PubMedCrossRef Hetland ML, Christensen IJ, Tarp U, Dreyer L, Hansen A, Hansen IT, et al. Direct comparison of treatment responses, remission rates, and drug adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab: results from eight years of surveillance of clinical practice in the nationwide Danish DANBIO registry. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(1):22–32. doi:10.​1002/​art.​27227.PubMedCrossRef
44.
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Ng B, Chu A, Khan MM. A retrospective cohort study: 10-year trend of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biological agents use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis at Veteran Affairs Medical Centers. BMJ Open. 2013. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002468. Ng B, Chu A, Khan MM. A retrospective cohort study: 10-year trend of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biological agents use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis at Veteran Affairs Medical Centers. BMJ Open. 2013. doi:10.​1136/​bmjopen-2012-002468.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Bathon JM, Fleischmann RM, Van der Heijde D, Tesser JR, Peloso PM, Chon Y, et al. Safety and efficacy of etanercept treatment in elderly subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(2):234–43.PubMed Bathon JM, Fleischmann RM, Van der Heijde D, Tesser JR, Peloso PM, Chon Y, et al. Safety and efficacy of etanercept treatment in elderly subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(2):234–43.PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Fleischmann RM, Baumgartner SW, Tindall EA, Weaver AL, Moreland LW, Schiff MH, et al. Response to etanercept (Enbrel) in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective analysis of clinical trial results. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(4):691–6.PubMed Fleischmann RM, Baumgartner SW, Tindall EA, Weaver AL, Moreland LW, Schiff MH, et al. Response to etanercept (Enbrel) in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective analysis of clinical trial results. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(4):691–6.PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Schiff MH, Yu EB, Weinblatt ME, Moreland LW, Genovese MC, White B, et al. Long-term experience with etanercept in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly and younger patients: patient-reported outcomes from multiple controlled and open-label extension studies. Drugs Aging. 2006;23(2):167–78.PubMedCrossRef Schiff MH, Yu EB, Weinblatt ME, Moreland LW, Genovese MC, White B, et al. Long-term experience with etanercept in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly and younger patients: patient-reported outcomes from multiple controlled and open-label extension studies. Drugs Aging. 2006;23(2):167–78.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Hyrich KL, Watson KD, Silman AJ, Symmons DP, British Society for Rheumatology Biologics R. Predictors of response to anti-TNF-alpha therapy among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45(12):1558–65. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kel149.CrossRef Hyrich KL, Watson KD, Silman AJ, Symmons DP, British Society for Rheumatology Biologics R. Predictors of response to anti-TNF-alpha therapy among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45(12):1558–65. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​kel149.CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Radovits BJ, Kievit W, Fransen J, van de Laar MA, Jansen TL, van Riel PL, et al. Influence of age on the outcome of antitumour necrosis factor alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(9):1470–3. doi:10.1136/ard.2008.094730.PubMedCrossRef Radovits BJ, Kievit W, Fransen J, van de Laar MA, Jansen TL, van Riel PL, et al. Influence of age on the outcome of antitumour necrosis factor alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(9):1470–3. doi:10.​1136/​ard.​2008.​094730.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Filippini M, Bazzani C, Favalli EG, Marchesoni A, Atzeni F, Sarzi-Puttini P, et al. Efficacy and safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an observational study. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2010;38(2–3):90–6. doi:10.1007/s12016-009-8142-1.PubMedCrossRef Filippini M, Bazzani C, Favalli EG, Marchesoni A, Atzeni F, Sarzi-Puttini P, et al. Efficacy and safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an observational study. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2010;38(2–3):90–6. doi:10.​1007/​s12016-009-8142-1.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinblatt ME, Kremer JM, Bankhurst AD, Bulpitt KJ, Fleischmann RM, Fox RI, et al. A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(4):253–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199901283400401.PubMedCrossRef Weinblatt ME, Kremer JM, Bankhurst AD, Bulpitt KJ, Fleischmann RM, Fox RI, et al. A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(4):253–9. doi:10.​1056/​NEJM199901283400​401.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Moreland LW, Schiff MH, Baumgartner SW, Tindall EA, Fleischmann RM, Bulpitt KJ, et al. Etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Int Med. 1999;130(6):478–86.PubMedCrossRef Moreland LW, Schiff MH, Baumgartner SW, Tindall EA, Fleischmann RM, Bulpitt KJ, et al. Etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Int Med. 1999;130(6):478–86.PubMedCrossRef
54.
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Klareskog L, van der Heijde D, de Jager JP, Gough A, Kalden J, Malaise M, et al. Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363(9410):675–81. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15640-7.PubMedCrossRef Klareskog L, van der Heijde D, de Jager JP, Gough A, Kalden J, Malaise M, et al. Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363(9410):675–81. doi:10.​1016/​S0140-6736(04)15640-7.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Fleischmann R, Iqbal I. Risk: benefit profile of etanercept in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis. Drugs Aging. 2007;24(3):239–54.PubMedCrossRef Fleischmann R, Iqbal I. Risk: benefit profile of etanercept in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis. Drugs Aging. 2007;24(3):239–54.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinblatt ME, Bathon JM, Kremer JM, Fleischmann RM, Schiff MH, Martin RW, et al. Safety and efficacy of etanercept beyond 10 years of therapy in North American patients with early and longstanding rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(3):373–82. doi:10.1002/acr.20372.PubMed Weinblatt ME, Bathon JM, Kremer JM, Fleischmann RM, Schiff MH, Martin RW, et al. Safety and efficacy of etanercept beyond 10 years of therapy in North American patients with early and longstanding rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(3):373–82. doi:10.​1002/​acr.​20372.PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Bryl E, Vallejo AN, Matteson EL, Witkowski JM, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Modulation of CD28 expression with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(10):2996–3003. doi:10.1002/art.21353.PubMedCrossRef Bryl E, Vallejo AN, Matteson EL, Witkowski JM, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Modulation of CD28 expression with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(10):2996–3003. doi:10.​1002/​art.​21353.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Souto A, Maneiro JR, Gomez-Reino JJ. Rate of discontinuation and drug survival of biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of drug registries and health care databases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55(3):523–34. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kev374. Souto A, Maneiro JR, Gomez-Reino JJ. Rate of discontinuation and drug survival of biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of drug registries and health care databases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55(3):523–34. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​kev374.
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Majithia V, Peel C, Geraci SA. Rheumatoid arthritis in elderly patients. Geriatrics. 2009;64(9):22–8.PubMed Majithia V, Peel C, Geraci SA. Rheumatoid arthritis in elderly patients. Geriatrics. 2009;64(9):22–8.PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Galloway JB, Hyrich KL, Mercer LK, Dixon WG, Fu B, Ustianowski AP, et al. Anti-TNF therapy is associated with an increased risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis especially in the first 6 months of treatment: updated results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register with special emphasis on risks in the elderly. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(1):124–31. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keq242.CrossRef Galloway JB, Hyrich KL, Mercer LK, Dixon WG, Fu B, Ustianowski AP, et al. Anti-TNF therapy is associated with an increased risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis especially in the first 6 months of treatment: updated results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register with special emphasis on risks in the elderly. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(1):124–31. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​keq242.CrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Toh S, Li L, Harrold LR, Bayliss EA, Curtis JR, Liu L, et al. Comparative safety of infliximab and etanercept on the risk of serious infections: does the association vary by patient characteristics? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012;21(5):524–34. doi:10.1002/pds.3238.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Toh S, Li L, Harrold LR, Bayliss EA, Curtis JR, Liu L, et al. Comparative safety of infliximab and etanercept on the risk of serious infections: does the association vary by patient characteristics? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012;21(5):524–34. doi:10.​1002/​pds.​3238.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Schneeweiss S, Setoguchi S, Weinblatt ME, Katz JN, Avorn J, Sax PE, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy and the risk of serious bacterial infections in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(6):1754–64. doi:10.1002/art.22600.PubMedCrossRef Schneeweiss S, Setoguchi S, Weinblatt ME, Katz JN, Avorn J, Sax PE, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy and the risk of serious bacterial infections in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(6):1754–64. doi:10.​1002/​art.​22600.PubMedCrossRef
66.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Yun H, Xie F, Delzell E, Chen L, Levitan EB, Lewis JD, et al. Risk of hospitalised infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving biologics following a previous infection while on treatment with anti-TNF therapy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1065–71. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204011.PubMedCrossRef Yun H, Xie F, Delzell E, Chen L, Levitan EB, Lewis JD, et al. Risk of hospitalised infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving biologics following a previous infection while on treatment with anti-TNF therapy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1065–71. doi:10.​1136/​annrheumdis-2013-204011.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Souto A, Maneiro JR, Salgado E, Carmona L, Gomez-Reino JJ. Risk of tuberculosis in patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases treated with biologics and tofacitinib: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and long-term extension studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53(10):1872–85. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keu172.CrossRef Souto A, Maneiro JR, Salgado E, Carmona L, Gomez-Reino JJ. Risk of tuberculosis in patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases treated with biologics and tofacitinib: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and long-term extension studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53(10):1872–85. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​keu172.CrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Cantini F, Niccoli L, Goletti D. Tuberculosis risk in patients treated with non-anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) targeted biologics and recently licensed TNF-alpha inhibitors: data from clinical trials and national registries. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2014;91:56–64. doi:10.3899/jrheum.140103.PubMedCrossRef Cantini F, Niccoli L, Goletti D. Tuberculosis risk in patients treated with non-anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) targeted biologics and recently licensed TNF-alpha inhibitors: data from clinical trials and national registries. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2014;91:56–64. doi:10.​3899/​jrheum.​140103.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Haynes K, Beukelman T, Curtis JR, Newcomb C, Herrinton LJ, Graham DJ, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor therapy and cancer risk in chronic immune-mediated diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(1):48–58. doi:10.1002/art.37740.PubMedCrossRef Haynes K, Beukelman T, Curtis JR, Newcomb C, Herrinton LJ, Graham DJ, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor therapy and cancer risk in chronic immune-mediated diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(1):48–58. doi:10.​1002/​art.​37740.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang J, Xie F, Yun H, Chen L, Muntner P, Levitan EB, et al. Comparative effects of biologics on cardiovascular risk among older patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207870. Zhang J, Xie F, Yun H, Chen L, Muntner P, Levitan EB, et al. Comparative effects of biologics on cardiovascular risk among older patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;. doi:10.​1136/​annrheumdis-2015-207870.
74.
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Schau T, Gottwald M, Arbach O, Seifert M, Schopp M, Neuss M, et al. Increased prevalence of diastolic heart failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis correlates with active disease, but not with treatment type. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(11):2029–37. doi:10.3899/jrheum.141647.PubMedCrossRef Schau T, Gottwald M, Arbach O, Seifert M, Schopp M, Neuss M, et al. Increased prevalence of diastolic heart failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis correlates with active disease, but not with treatment type. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(11):2029–37. doi:10.​3899/​jrheum.​141647.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishimoto N, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K, Kawai S, Takeuchi T, Azuma J, et al. Study of active controlled tocilizumab monotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate (SATORI): significant reduction in disease activity and serum vascular endothelial growth factor by IL-6 receptor inhibition therapy. Modern Rheumatol Japan Rheum Assoc. 2009;19(1):12–9. doi:10.1007/s10165-008-0125-1.CrossRef Nishimoto N, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K, Kawai S, Takeuchi T, Azuma J, et al. Study of active controlled tocilizumab monotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate (SATORI): significant reduction in disease activity and serum vascular endothelial growth factor by IL-6 receptor inhibition therapy. Modern Rheumatol Japan Rheum Assoc. 2009;19(1):12–9. doi:10.​1007/​s10165-008-0125-1.CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Maini RN, Taylor PC, Szechinski J, Pavelka K, Broll J, Balint G, et al. Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, in European patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an incomplete response to methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(9):2817–29. doi:10.1002/art.22033.PubMedCrossRef Maini RN, Taylor PC, Szechinski J, Pavelka K, Broll J, Balint G, et al. Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, in European patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an incomplete response to methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(9):2817–29. doi:10.​1002/​art.​22033.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee YH, Bae SC, Song GG. The efficacy and safety of rituximab for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31(11):1493–9. doi:10.1007/s00296-010-1526-y.PubMedCrossRef Lee YH, Bae SC, Song GG. The efficacy and safety of rituximab for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31(11):1493–9. doi:10.​1007/​s00296-010-1526-y.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamanaka H, Tanaka Y, Inoue E, Hoshi D, Momohara S, Hanami K, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients seen in daily clinical practice in Japan: results from a retrospective study (REACTION study). Modern Rheumatol Japan Rheum Assoc. 2011;21(2):122–33. doi:10.1007/s10165-010-0366-7.CrossRef Yamanaka H, Tanaka Y, Inoue E, Hoshi D, Momohara S, Hanami K, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients seen in daily clinical practice in Japan: results from a retrospective study (REACTION study). Modern Rheumatol Japan Rheum Assoc. 2011;21(2):122–33. doi:10.​1007/​s10165-010-0366-7.CrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Lahaye C, Soubrier M, Mulliez A, Bardin T, Cantagrel A, Combe B, et al. Effectiveness and safety of abatacept in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis enrolled in the French Society of Rheumatology’s ORA registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kev437. Lahaye C, Soubrier M, Mulliez A, Bardin T, Cantagrel A, Combe B, et al. Effectiveness and safety of abatacept in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis enrolled in the French Society of Rheumatology’s ORA registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;. doi:10.​1093/​rheumatology/​kev437.
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishimoto N, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K, Kawai S, Takeuchi T, Azuma J. Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in monotherapy, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (the STREAM study): evidence of safety and efficacy in a 5-year extension study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(10):1580–4. doi:10.1136/ard.2008.092866.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Nishimoto N, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K, Kawai S, Takeuchi T, Azuma J. Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in monotherapy, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (the STREAM study): evidence of safety and efficacy in a 5-year extension study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(10):1580–4. doi:10.​1136/​ard.​2008.​092866.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Yun H, Xie F, Delzell E, Chen L, Levitan EB, Lewis JD, et al. Risks of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to biologic disease-modifying therapy. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67(5):731–6. doi:10.1002/acr.22470.PubMedCrossRef Yun H, Xie F, Delzell E, Chen L, Levitan EB, Lewis JD, et al. Risks of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to biologic disease-modifying therapy. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67(5):731–6. doi:10.​1002/​acr.​22470.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao VU, Pavlov A, Klearman M, Musselman D, Giles JT, Bathon JM, et al. An evaluation of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events during tocilizumab therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(2):372–80. doi:10.1002/art.38920.PubMedCrossRef Rao VU, Pavlov A, Klearman M, Musselman D, Giles JT, Bathon JM, et al. An evaluation of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events during tocilizumab therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(2):372–80. doi:10.​1002/​art.​38920.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Payet S, Soubrier M, Perrodeau E, Bardin T, Cantagrel A, Combe B, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis enrolled in a French Society of Rheumatology registry. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(9):1289–95.PubMedCrossRef Payet S, Soubrier M, Perrodeau E, Bardin T, Cantagrel A, Combe B, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis enrolled in a French Society of Rheumatology registry. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(9):1289–95.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Wendler J, Burmester GR, Sorensen H, Krause A, Richter C, Tony HP, et al. Rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine practice (GERINIS): six-year results from a prospective, multicentre, non-interventional study in 2,484 patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(2):R80. doi:10.1186/ar4521.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wendler J, Burmester GR, Sorensen H, Krause A, Richter C, Tony HP, et al. Rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine practice (GERINIS): six-year results from a prospective, multicentre, non-interventional study in 2,484 patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(2):R80. doi:10.​1186/​ar4521.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat van Vollenhoven RF, Fleischmann RM, Furst DE, Lacey S, Lehane PB. Longterm safety of rituximab: final report of the rheumatoid arthritis global clinical trial program over 11 years. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(10):1761–6. doi:10.3899/jrheum.150051.PubMedCrossRef van Vollenhoven RF, Fleischmann RM, Furst DE, Lacey S, Lehane PB. Longterm safety of rituximab: final report of the rheumatoid arthritis global clinical trial program over 11 years. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(10):1761–6. doi:10.​3899/​jrheum.​150051.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Hua C, Barnetche T, Combe B, Morel J. Effect of methotrexate, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha, and rituximab on the immune response to influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(7):1016–26. doi:10.1002/acr.22246.PubMedCrossRef Hua C, Barnetche T, Combe B, Morel J. Effect of methotrexate, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha, and rituximab on the immune response to influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(7):1016–26. doi:10.​1002/​acr.​22246.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi N, Kojima T, Kaneko A, Kida D, Hirano Y, Fujibayashi T, et al. Longterm efficacy and safety of abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated in routine clinical practice: effect of concomitant methotrexate after 24 weeks. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(5):786–93. doi:10.3899/jrheum.141288.PubMedCrossRef Takahashi N, Kojima T, Kaneko A, Kida D, Hirano Y, Fujibayashi T, et al. Longterm efficacy and safety of abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated in routine clinical practice: effect of concomitant methotrexate after 24 weeks. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(5):786–93. doi:10.​3899/​jrheum.​141288.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Nusslein HG, Alten R, Galeazzi M, Lorenz HM, Boumpas D, Nurmohamed MT, et al. Real-world effectiveness of abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis treatment in European and Canadian populations: a 6-month interim analysis of the 2-year, observational, prospective ACTION study. BMC Musculoskel Disord. 2014;15:14. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-14.CrossRef Nusslein HG, Alten R, Galeazzi M, Lorenz HM, Boumpas D, Nurmohamed MT, et al. Real-world effectiveness of abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis treatment in European and Canadian populations: a 6-month interim analysis of the 2-year, observational, prospective ACTION study. BMC Musculoskel Disord. 2014;15:14. doi:10.​1186/​1471-2474-15-14.CrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka Y, Kubo S, Yamanaka H, Amano K, Hirata S, Tanaka E, et al. Efficacy and safety of abatacept in routine care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Orencia((R)) as Biological Intensive Treatment for RA (ORBIT) study. Modern Rheumatol Japan Rheum Assoc. 2014;24(5):754–62. doi:10.3109/14397595.2013.872862.CrossRef Tanaka Y, Kubo S, Yamanaka H, Amano K, Hirata S, Tanaka E, et al. Efficacy and safety of abatacept in routine care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Orencia((R)) as Biological Intensive Treatment for RA (ORBIT) study. Modern Rheumatol Japan Rheum Assoc. 2014;24(5):754–62. doi:10.​3109/​14397595.​2013.​872862.CrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Du Pan SM, Scherer A, Gabay C, Finckh A. Differential drug retention between anti-TNF agents and alternative biological agents after inadequate response to an anti-TNF agent in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(6):997–9. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200882.PubMedCrossRef Du Pan SM, Scherer A, Gabay C, Finckh A. Differential drug retention between anti-TNF agents and alternative biological agents after inadequate response to an anti-TNF agent in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(6):997–9. doi:10.​1136/​annrheumdis-2011-200882.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Gottenberg JE, Ravaud P, Cantagrel A, Combe B, Flipo RM, Schaeverbeke T, et al. Positivity for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide is associated with a better response to abatacept: data from the ‘Orencia and Rheumatoid Arthritis’ registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(11):1815–9. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201109.PubMedCrossRef Gottenberg JE, Ravaud P, Cantagrel A, Combe B, Flipo RM, Schaeverbeke T, et al. Positivity for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide is associated with a better response to abatacept: data from the ‘Orencia and Rheumatoid Arthritis’ registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(11):1815–9. doi:10.​1136/​annrheumdis-2011-201109.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Westhovens R, Kremer JM, Moreland LW, Emery P, Russell AS, Li T, et al. Safety and efficacy of the selective costimulation modulator abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving background methotrexate: a 5-year extended phase IIB study. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(4):736–42. doi:10.3899/jrheum.080813.PubMedCrossRef Westhovens R, Kremer JM, Moreland LW, Emery P, Russell AS, Li T, et al. Safety and efficacy of the selective costimulation modulator abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving background methotrexate: a 5-year extended phase IIB study. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(4):736–42. doi:10.​3899/​jrheum.​080813.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Salmon JH, Gottenberg JE, Ravaud P, Cantagrel A, Combe B, Flipo RM, et al. Predictive risk factors of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with abatacept in common practice: results from the Orencia and Rheumatoid Arthritis (ORA) registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207362.PubMedCentral Salmon JH, Gottenberg JE, Ravaud P, Cantagrel A, Combe B, Flipo RM, et al. Predictive risk factors of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with abatacept in common practice: results from the Orencia and Rheumatoid Arthritis (ORA) registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;. doi:10.​1136/​annrheumdis-2015-207362.PubMedCentral
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Ribeiro AC, Laurindo IM, Guedes LK, Saad CG, Moraes JC, Silva CA, et al. Abatacept and reduced immune response to pandemic 2009 influenza A/H1N1 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(3):476–80. doi:10.1002/acr.21838.PubMedCrossRef Ribeiro AC, Laurindo IM, Guedes LK, Saad CG, Moraes JC, Silva CA, et al. Abatacept and reduced immune response to pandemic 2009 influenza A/H1N1 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(3):476–80. doi:10.​1002/​acr.​21838.PubMedCrossRef
102.
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Crnkic Kapetanovic M, Saxne T, Jonsson G, Truedsson L, Geborek P. Rituximab and abatacept but not tocilizumab impair antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15(5):R171. doi:10.1186/ar4358.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Crnkic Kapetanovic M, Saxne T, Jonsson G, Truedsson L, Geborek P. Rituximab and abatacept but not tocilizumab impair antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15(5):R171. doi:10.​1186/​ar4358.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Safety and Efficacy of Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Older Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Staying the Distance
verfasst von
Alla Ishchenko
Rik J. Lories
Publikationsdatum
06.05.2016
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Drugs & Aging / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 1170-229X
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1969
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-016-0374-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2016

Drugs & Aging 6/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.