Serum Heat Shock Protein 70, as a Potential Biomarker for Small Cell Lung Cancer

The 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) is a highly conservative molecular chaperone, that has important role in cell integrity. Recently considerable amount of data are accumulating on the potential role of Hsp70 in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Most papers are focusing on intracellular or membrane bound protein, however very limited data exist on serum Hsp70, that can also induce innate and adaptive immune response. Previously we have published data on the correlation between coloretal cancer progression and serum Hsp70 concentration. The objective of this study was to compare the serum Hsp70 level in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC n = 70) and age matched healthy controlls (n = 121) and correlate Hsp70 level with other known serum biomarkers (LDH and NSE) of the disease. We found that the serum level of Hsp70 was significantly higher in SCLC patients compared to control subjects (mean value 6.91 vs 2.47 ng/ml, p = 0.001). The highest Hsp70 concentration was measured in stage IV advanced SCLC (Stage IV versus Stage I-III disease: 9.91 vs 4.38 ng/ml, p = 0.003). The serum Hsp70 level correlated with serum LDH (r = 0.426, p < 0,001) and NSE level (r = 0.455, p < 0,001). We found that high serum Hsp70 level predicted unfavorable survival, risk of death within 1 year was more than 3 times higher in patients with high baseline Hsp70 level (HR:3.509, CI: 1.066–11.562; p = 0.039). Our observations indicate that serum Hsp70 could be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker in small cell lung cancer.