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Seminars in Immunopathology
Erschienen in: Seminars in Immunopathology 2/2019

01.10.2018 | Review

Sexual dimorphism in HIV-1 infection

verfasst von: Anne Rechtien, Marcus Altfeld

Erschienen in: Seminars in Immunopathology | Ausgabe 2/2019

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Abstract

Sex-specific differences affecting various aspects of HIV-1 infection have been reported, including differences in susceptibility to infection, course of HIV-1 disease, and establishment of viral reservoirs. Once infected, initial plasma levels of HIV-1 viremia in women are lower compared to men while the rates of progression to AIDS are similar. Factors contributing to these sex differences are poorly understood, and range from anatomical differences and differential expression of sex hormones to differences in immune responses, the microbiome and socio-economic discrepancies, all of which may impact HIV-1 acquisition and disease progression. Ongoing research efforts aiming at controlling HIV-1 disease or reducing viral reservoirs need to take these sex-based differences in HIV-1 pathogenesis into account. In this review, we discuss established knowledge and recent findings on immune pathways leading to sex differences in HIV-1 disease manifestations, with focus on HIV-1 latency and the effect of female sex hormones on HIV-1.
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Metadaten
Titel
Sexual dimorphism in HIV-1 infection
verfasst von
Anne Rechtien
Marcus Altfeld
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Seminars in Immunopathology / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 1863-2297
Elektronische ISSN: 1863-2300
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0704-y

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