Background
Methods
Results
Total | Group | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | A + 25 W | A + 35 W | A + 45 W | |||
n = 109 | n = 23 | n = 34 | n = 28 | n = 24 | ||
Age, years | 70 ± 10 | 75 ± 9 | 68 ± 10 | 69 ± 10 | 71 ± 8 | 0.056 |
Male, % | 41 | 48 | 32 | 39 | 50 | 0.508 |
Previous MI, % | 4 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.051 |
Previous PCI, % | 16 | 39 | 12 | 11 | 4 | 0.051 |
Cerebrovascular disease, % | 17 | 31 | 7 | 14 | 25 | 0.071 |
Peripheral artery disease, % | 8 | 22 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 0.061 |
Hypertension, % | 62 | 73 | 65 | 54 | 58 | 0.479 |
Dyslipidemia, % | 57 | 68 | 62 | 46 | 54 | 0.051 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 41 | 46 | 38 | 46 | 33 | 0.782 |
Atrial fibrillation, % | 5 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0.445 |
Current Smoking, % | 15 | 23 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 0.715 |
Laboratory data | ||||||
Hb, g/dL | 13.6 ± 1.7 | 12.7 ± 1.7 | 13.6 ± 1.4 | 14.1 ± 1.9 | 13.9 ± 1.8 | 0.051 |
HbA1c, % | 7.8 ± 2.6 | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 8.2 ± 2.7 | 8.4 ± 3.2 | 7.4 ± 2.5 | 0.216 |
UA, mg/dL | 5.4 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.8 | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 0.415 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 122 ± 35 | 108 ± 29 | 122 ± 30 | 139 ± 35 | 113 ± 41 | 0.036 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 54 ± 26 | 53 ± 15 | 61 ± 41 | 51 ± 10 | 48 ± 20 | 0.493 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.92 ± 0.64 | 1.23 ± 1.15 | 0.77 ± 0.21 | 0.81 ± 0.37 | 0.97 ± 0.45 | 0.054 |
BNP, pg/mL | 49 (22, 78) | 58 (22, 208) | 48 (23, 68) | 59 (15, 65) | 40 (11, 63) | 0.067 |
Medications | ||||||
ADA, % | 22 | 14 | 27 | 29 | 17 | 0.167 |
ATA, % | 22 | 36 | 27 | 11 | 17 | 0.192 |
β blocker, % | 14 | 14 | 18 | 18 | 4 | 0.440 |
CCB, % | 46 | 55 | 47 | 46 | 38 | 0.634 |
Diuretics, % | 8 | 14 | 6 | 11 | 4 | 0.374 |
Nitrates, % | 7 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0.636 |
RAS-I, % | 37 | 36 | 27 | 36 | 54 | 0.075 |
Statin, % | 41 | 57 | 44 | 21 | 42 | 0.462 |
Total | Group | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | A + 25 W | A + 35 W | A + 45 W | |||
Hemodynamic parameters | ||||||
SBP pre, mmHg | 144 ± 20 | 144 ± 21 | 148 ± 18 | 137 ± 22 | 148 ± 21 | 0.182 |
post, mmHg | 178 ± 41 | 146 ± 26 | 187 ± 39 | 175 ± 40 | 202 ± 37 | < 0.001 |
DBP pre, mmHg | 76 ± 15 | 74 ± 15 | 77 ± 13 | 74 ± 16 | 80 ± 16 | 0.387 |
post, mmHg | 80 ± 28 | 69 ± 19 | 77 ± 18 | 80 ± 38 | 95 ± 30 | 0.013 |
HR pre, bpm | 76 ± 13 | 76 ± 12 | 75 ± 12 | 76 ± 17 | 78 ± 10 | 0.905 |
post, bpm | 105 ± 22 | 80 ± 12 | 107 ± 18 | 105 ± 17 | 124 ± 17 | < 0.001 |
RPP pre | 10,902 ± 2282 | 10,854 ± 2236 | 11,054 ± 2296 | 10,266 ± 2260 | 11,476 ± 2241 | 0.28 |
post | 19,109 ± 6880 | 11,690 ± 2916 | 20,089 ± 5625 | 18,377 ± 4741 | 25,685 ± 6467 | < 0.001 |
delta | 8207 ± 6250 | 836 ± 2265 | 9035 ± 4769 | 8111 ± 3554 | 14,209 ± 6173 | < 0.001 |
SPECT data | ||||||
EDV stress, mL | 67 ± 23 | 64 ± 24 | 72 ± 26 | 66 ± 23 | 65 ± 16 | 0.505 |
rest, mL | 68 ± 23 | 65 ± 24 | 71 ± 26 | 68 ± 23 | 66 ± 18 | 0.721 |
ESV stress, mL | 21 ± 13 | 21 ± 12 | 24 ± 16 | 21 ± 11 | 18 ± 9 | 0.46 |
rest, mL | 20 ± 13 | 20 ± 12 | 20 ± 13 | 20 ± 11 | 17 ± 9 | 0.672 |
EF stress, % | 70 ± 10 | 68 ± 11 | 70 ± 12 | 69 ± 8 | 73 ± 7 | 0.286 |
rest, % | 73 ± 9 | 71 ± 9 | 73 ± 9 | 72 ± 9 | 76 ± 8 | 0.286 |
SSS | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.345 |
SRS | 1.3 ± 1.6 | 1.0 ± 21.9 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 2 ± 1.7 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 0.06 |
SDS | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 1.1 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 1.1 | 0.685 |
Univariate | Multivariate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
r Value | p Value | p Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | |
log (H/L ratio) | ||||
Age | 0.030 | 0.752 | 0.603 | 0.0006 (− 0.0018 ~ 0.0032) |
Male | 0.196 | 0.040 | 0.020 | 0.0591 (0.0093 ~ 0.1089) |
delta RPP | 0.283 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.0001 (0.0001 ~ 0.0001) |
log (H/below the H ratio) | ||||
Age | 0.027 | 0.773 | 0.686 | −0.0003 (− 0.0023 ~ 0.0015) |
Male | 0.126 | 0.188 | 0.001 | 0.0677 (0.0275 ~ 0.1079) |
delta RPP | 0.263 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.0001 (0.0001 ~ 0.0001) |
EDVex | 0.289 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | −0.0019 (− 0.0028 ~ − 0.0010) |