Introduction
Methods
Controls (n = 19) | DM ≥30 ml min−1 1.73 m−2 (n = 15) | DN (n = 21) | SPK (n = 37) | KTx (n = 15) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, male, n (%) | 9 (47%) | 6 (40%) | 16 (76%) | 24 (65%) | 6 (40%) |
Age (years) | 44 ± 11 | 55 ± 13* | 44 ± 5†
| 48 ± 8 | 48 ± 10 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.8 | 23.8 ± 2.8 | 25.4 ± 3.2 | 24.3 ± 4.4 | 25.0 ± 4.6 |
HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol) | – | 7.1 ± 0.7 (54 ± 7.7) | 8.9 ± 2.3† (74 ± 25.1) | 5.6 ± 0.8†,‡ (38 ± 8.7) | 8.5 ± 0.9†,§ (69 ± 9.8) |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 12.8 ± 4.7* | 13.8 ± 6.4* | 6.0 ± 2.9†,‡
| 13.0 ± 6.7*,§
|
eGFR (ml min−1 1.73 m−2) | 93 ± 17 | 70 ± 24* | 18 ± 7*,†
| 53 ± 19*,†,‡
| 62 ± 23*,‡
|
Median proteinuria (g/24 h) (IQR) | – | 0.29 (0.13–0.29) | 0.72 (0.35–1.5) | 0.27 (0.17–0.82)‡
| 0.21 (0.18–0.36)‡
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131 ± 12 | 130 ± 13 | 146 ± 19 | 139 ± 23 | 138 ± 29 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82 ± 7 | 71 ± 8* | 86 ± 11†
| 83 ± 13†
| 81 ± 14 |
Haemoglobin (mmol/l) | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 8.2 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 0.5* | 8.1 ± 1.2 | 8.2 ± 1.1 |
Haematocrit (l/l) | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.05 | 0.36 ± 0.03* | 0.40 ± 0.05‡
| 0.41 ± 0.05‡
|
Duration of diabetes (years) | – | 35 ± 10 | 29 ± 9 | 27 ± 8†
| 35 ± 9§
|
Dialysis, n (%) | – | 0 (0%) | 3 (14%) | 0 (0%)‡
| 0 (0%) |
Median time since KTx or SPK (months) (IQR) | – | – | – | 45 (19–110) | 21 (9–69) |
Rejection after KTx or SPK, n (%) | – | – | – | 13 (35%) | 0 (0%) |
Diabetes after SPK, n (%) | – | – | – | 3 (8%) | – |
Smoking, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (8%) | 1 (7%) |
Acetylsalicylic acid, n (%) | – | 3 (20%) | 2 (10%) | 11 (30%) | 3 (20%) |
Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | – | ||||
ACE inhibitor | 7 (47%) | 14 (67%) | 14 (38%) | 7 (47%) | |
Angiotensin-II antagonist | 3 (20%) | 13 (62%)†
| 8 (22%)‡
| 0 (0%)‡
| |
Calcium antagonist | 2 (13%) | 11 (52%)†
| 22 (60%)†
| 7 (47%) | |
Diuretic | 5 (33%) | 13 (62%) | 9 (24%)‡
| 4 (27%)‡
| |
β-Blocker | 0 (0%) | 9 (43%)†
| 19 (51%)†
| 6 (40%)†
| |
Statin, n (%) | – | 8 (53%) | 13 (62%) | 26 (70%) | 5 (33%) |
Steroid-free, alemtuzumab induction, n (%) | – | – | – | 12 (32%) | 1 (7%) |
Immunosuppressive drugs, n (%) | – | – | – | ||
Cyclosporine | 13 (35%) | 1 (7%)§
| |||
Tacrolimus | 24 (65%) | 11 (73%) | |||
Prednisone | 26 (70%) | 9 (60%) | |||
Azathioprine | 3 (8%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Sirolimus | 0 (0%) | 1 (7%) | |||
Everolimus | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Mycophenolate mofetil | 27 (73%) | 14 (93%) |
D0 (n = 14) | M1 (n = 14) | M6 (n = 14) | M12 (n = 14) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, male, n (%) | 13 (93%) | – | – | – |
Age (years) | 45.1 ± 5.2 | – | – | – |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 2.8 | 24.7 ± 2.9 | 24.7 ± 2.1 | 24.8 ± 2.5 |
HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol) | 8.8 ± 1.7 (73 ± 18.6) | 6.5 ± 1.8* (48 ± 19.7) | 5.3 ± 0.3* (34 ± 3.3) | 5.4 ± 0.2* (36 ± 2.2) |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 14.7 ± 7.1 | 6.3 ± 1.0* | 5.3 ± 1.4* | 5.8 ± 1.5* |
eGFR (ml min−1 1.73 m−2) | 18 ± 9 | 54 ± 19* | 54 ± 15* | 54 ± 11* |
Median proteinuria (g/24 h) (IQR) | 0.73 (0.36–1.30) | 0.66 (0.28–1.15) | 0.41 (0.17–0.98) | 0.37 (0.14–1.10) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 153 ± 15 | 129 ± 21* | 133 ± 20* | 131 ± 14* |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 87 ± 11 | 78 ± 11 | 78 ± 11 | 78 ± 6 |
Haemoglobin (mmol/l) | 7.6 ± 0.5 | 6.6 ± 0.9* | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 8.0 ± 1.0 |
Haematocrit (l/l) | 0.37 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.05 |
Diabetes after SPK, n (%) | – | 1 (7%) | 2 (14%) | 0 (0%) |
Smoking, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Acetylsalicylic acid, n (%) | 3 (21%) | 1 (7%) | 1 (7%) | 4 (29%) |
Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | ||||
ACE inhibitor | 9 (64%) | 2 (14%)* | 3 (21%)* | 3 (21%)* |
Angiotensin-II antagonist | 9 (64%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) |
Calcium antagonist | 8 (57%) | 4 (29%) | 5 (36%) | 8 (57%) |
Diuretic | 10 (71%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (7%)* | 2 (14%)* |
β-Blocker | 8 (57%) | 6 (43%) | 4 (29%) | 4 (29%) |
Statin, n (%) | 8 (57%) | 2 (14%)* | 2 (14%)* | 3 (21%)* |
Steroid-free, alemtuzumab induction, n (%) | – | 14 (100%) | – | – |
Immunosuppressive drugs, n (%) | – | |||
Cyclosporine | 1 (7%) | 2 (14%) | 1 (7%) | |
Tacrolimus | 12 (86%) | 11 (79%) | 11 (79%) | |
Prednisone | 1 (7%) | 4 (29%)†
| 4 (29%)†
| |
Everolimus | 1 (7%) | 1 (7%) | 2 (14%) | |
Mycophenolate mofetil | 14 (100%) | 13 (93%) | 14 (100%) |