Background
Methods
Study setting, design and population
Sample size
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Characteristic | HIV Positive N = 168 % (n) | HIV Negative N = 330 % (n) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
HIV result s
| 33.7 (168) | 66.3 (330) | |
Sex
| |||
Male | 64.9 (109) | 71.5 (236) | 0.13 |
Female | 35.1 (59) | 28.5 (94) | |
Mean ± SD age in years
| 35.7 ± 9.5 | 30.1 ± 10.2 | 0.001 |
Age groups(years)
| |||
15-35 | 53.0 (89) | 77.6 (256) | <0.001 |
>35 | 47.0 (79) | 22.4 (74) | |
Age group(years)
| |||
15-25 | 11.9(20) | 37.6 (124) | <0.001 |
26-35 | 41.1 (69) | 40.0 (132) | |
36-45 | 33.3 (56) | 15.5 (51) | |
>45 | 13.7 (23) | 7.0(23) | |
Education
| |||
No education | 25.0 (42) | 24.2 (80) | 0.85 |
Have education | 75.0 (126) | 75.8 (250) | |
Education level
| |||
No formal education | 8.9(15) | 7.6(26) | 0.92 |
Primary education | 76.2 (128) | 76.7 (253) | |
Secondary education and above | 14.9 (25) | 15.5 (51) | |
Occupation
| |||
Unemployed | 27.4 (46) | 27.0 (89) | 0.79 |
Employed | 15.5 (26) | 17.9 (59) | |
Self employed | 57.1 (96) | 55.2 (182) | |
Marital status
| |||
Single | 33.3 (56) | 51.5 (170) | 0.01 |
Married | 41.1 (69) | 38.8 (128) | 0.012 |
Cohabiting | 3.0(5) | 3.3(11) | 0.049 |
Separate/Divorce | 14.9 (25) | 4.2(14) | 0.95 |
Widowed | 7.7(13) | 2.1(7) | 0.19 |
BCG scar
| |||
Present | 64.3 (108) | 70.3 (232) | 0.17 |
Absent | 35.7 (60) | 29.7 (98) |
Characteristic | HIV Positive N = 168 % (n) | HIV Negative N = 330 % (n) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Cough
| |||
Yes | 98.2 (165) | 98.5 (325) | 0.82 |
No | 1.8(3) | 1.5(5) | |
Chest pain
| |||
Yes | 69.6 (117) | 72.7 (240) | 0.47 |
No | 30.4 (51) | 27.3 (90) | |
Fever
| |||
Yes | 73.8 (124) | 68.2(225) | 0.20 |
No | 26.2 (44) | 31.8(105) | |
Night sweats
| |||
Yes | 61.9 (104) | 68.2 (225) | 0.16 |
No | 38.1 (64) | 31.8 (105) | |
Loss of weight
| |||
Yes | 88.1 (148) | 85.8 (283) | 0.47 |
No | 11.9 (20) | 14.2 (47) | |
Past history of TB
| |||
Yes | 13.7 (23) | 8.5(28) | 0.07 |
No | 86.3 (145) | 91.5 (302) | |
Past history of anti-TB
| |||
Yes | 23.2 (39) | 10.9 (36) | < 0.001 |
No | 76.8 (129) | 89.1 (294) | |
Family member with TB
| |||
Yes | 16.1 (27) | 18.2 (60) | 0.56 |
No | 83.9 (141) | 81.8 (270) |
Type of test | Duration of treatment (weeks) | HIV positive % (n/N) | HIV negative % (n/N) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zeihl Neelsen smear
| ||||
2 | 72.8(107/147) | 63.3(197/311) | 0.0457 | |
8 | 98.6(139/141) | 97.0(295/304) | 0.52 | |
12 | 99.3(140/141) | 98.0(298/304) | 0.56 | |
20 | 99.3(140/141) | 99.0(301/304) | 0.80 | |
Fluorescence
| 2 | 72.8(107/147) | 63.2(196/310) | 0.0433 |
8 | 98.6(139/141) | 97.0(294/303) | 0.51 | |
12 | 99.3(140/141) | 98.0(297/303) | 0.55 | |
20 | 99.3(140/141) | 99.0(300/303) | 0.80 | |
Culture
| 2 | 59.4(85/143) | 51.8(156/301) | 0.13 |
8 | 95.7(134/140) | 92.5(272/294) | 0.21 | |
12 | 98.6(137/139) | 97.3(285/293) | 0.62 | |
20 | 100(138/138) | 98.6(289/293) | 0.40 |
Variable | OR (95% CI) | P value |
---|---|---|
Males | 0.49 (0.31 - 0.78) | 0.002 |
HIV positive | 1.50 (0.97 - 2.31) | 0.07 |