Background
Methods
Study context
Study population
Variables and instruments
Ethical considerations
Data analysis
Results
Nursing staff n = 864 | Healthcare staff n = 131 | Medical staff n = 241 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Generation Z | 72 | 8.4 | 3 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 |
Generation Y | 275 | 32.1 | 64 | 49.2 | 82 | 34.6 |
Generation X | 290 | 33.8 | 42 | 32.3 | 99 | 41.8 |
Babyboomers | 221 | 25.8 | 21 | 16.2 | 56 | 23.6 |
Gender (Female) | 713 | 82.5 | 106 | 80.9 | 114 | 47.3 |
Satisfied - very satisfied | 761 | 88.1 | 120 | 93.0 | 216 | 89.6 |
Very satisfied | 226 | 26.2 | 43 | 32.8 | 74 | 30.7 |
Intention to leave hospital | 49 | 5.7 | 9 | 6.9 | 28 | 11.6 |
Intention to leave occupation | 78 | 9.0 | 13 | 9.9 | 6 | 2.5 |
Quality of care unit good excellent | 728 | 84.3 | 104 | 79.4 | 213 | 88.4 |
Quality of care unit excellent | 194 | 22.5 | 23 | 17.6 | 110 | 45.6 |
Quality hospital improved certainly improved | 596 | 69.0 | 102 | 77.9 | 210 | 87.1 |
Quality hospital centainly improved | 75 | 8.7 | 9 | 6.9 | 28 | 11.6 |
mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | |
Social capital | 3.06 | 0.54 | 2.98 | 0.57 | 3.05 | 0.59 |
Decision latitude | 3.10 | 0.35 | 3.12 | 0.35 | 3.20 | 0.37 |
Workload | 2.97 | 0.53 | 2.75 | 0.44 | 2.91 | 0.52 |
Vigor | 4.53 | 1.29 | 4.51 | 1.01 | 4.56 | 1.14 |
Dedicaton | 5.02 | 1.10 | 4.96 | 0.98 | 5.03 | 1.05 |
Absorption | 4.44 | 1.36 | 4.26 | 1.30 | 4.45 | 1.22 |
Emotional exhaustion | 1.71 | 1.20 | .83 | .83 | 5.10 | .79 |
Depersonalisation | 1.70 | 1.06 | .60 | .55 | 5.07 | .80 |
Personal accomplishment | 1.98 | 1.26 | 1.13 | .97 | 5.11 | .74 |
Job satisfaction: satisfied or very satisfied (1) versus dissatisfied or very dissatisfied (0) | Job satisfaction: very satisfied (1) versus satisfied or dissatisfied or very dissatisfied (0) | ||||||||||||
B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | ||||
N = 1081 | Lower | Upper | N = 1081 | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Generations | Generations | ||||||||||||
Generations (Z) | .035 | .597 | 1.04 | .32 | 3.33 | Generations (Z) | .182 | .356 | 1.20 | .60 | 2.41 | ||
Generations (Y) | −.546 | .310 | .58 | .32 | 1.06 | Generations (Y) | −.097 | .231 | .91 | .58 | 1.43 | ||
Generations (X) | −.196 | −.322 | .82 | .44 | 1.54 | Generations (X) | −.155 | .225 | .86 | .55 | 1.33 | ||
Gender male) | −.012 | .278 | .99 | .57 | 1.70 | .020 | Gender (male) | .218 | .209 | 1.24 | .83 | 1.88 | .008 |
Professional Category | Professional Category | ||||||||||||
Category (1) | −.612 | .300 | .54 | .28 | 1.04 | Category (1) | −.049 | .233 | .95 | .60 | 1.50 | ||
Category 2) | .079 | .501 | 1.08 | .41 | 2.89 | .035 | Category 2) | .453 | .319 | 1.57 | .84 | 2.94 | .012 |
Social capital | .770 | .214 | 2.16*** | 1.42 | 3.29 | Social capital | .918 | .175 | 2.51*** | 1.78 | 3.53 | ||
Decision latitude | .489 | .364 | 1.63 | .80 | 3.33 | Decision latitude | 1.817 | .281 | 6.15*** | 3.55 | 10.67 | ||
Workload | −.608 | .233 | .54** | .35 | 0.86 | .185 | Workload | −1.07 | .183 | .34*** | .240 | .49 | .275 |
Vigor | .055 | .121 | 1.06 | .83 | 1.34 | Vigor | .130 | .136 | 1.14 | .870 | 1.49 | ||
Dedication | .793 | .154 | 2.21*** | 1.64 | 2.99 | Dedication | 1.391 | .210 | 4.02*** | 2.66 | 6.07 | ||
Absorption | −.235 | .133 | .79 | .61 | 1.03 | .272 | Absorption | .262 | .114 | 1.30* | 1.04 | 1.62 | .457 |
Intention to leave hospital: yes (1) versus no (0) | Intention to leave profession: yes (1) versus no (0) | ||||||||||||
B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | ||||
N = 1083 | Lower | Upper | N = 1085 | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Generations | Generations | *** | |||||||||||
Generations (Z) | .562 | .827 | 1.75 | .35 | 8.88 | Generations (Z) | 1.461 | .802 | 4.31 | .90 | 20.78 | ||
Generations (Y) | 1.04 | .411 | 2.83* | 1.27 | 6.33 | Generations (Y) | 2.611 | .556 | 13.60*** | 4.58 | 40.45 | ||
Generations (X) | .506 | .432 | 1.66 | .71 | 3.87 | Generations (X) | 1.768 | .568 | 5.86** | 1.92 | 17.83 | ||
Gender male) | .416 | .302 | 1.52 | .84 | 2.74 | .053 | Gender (male) | −.186 | .327 | .83 | .44 | 1.58 | .085 |
Professional Category | * | Professional Category | ** | ||||||||||
Category (1) | −.914 | .310 | 0.40** | .22 | .74 | Category (1) | 1.529 | .471 | 4.61** | 1.83 | 11.60 | ||
Category 2) | .-788 | .470 | 0.46 | .18 | 1.14 | .068 | Category 2) | 1.171 | .569 | 3.23* | 1.06 | 9.83 | .112 |
Social capital | −.901 | .237 | 0.41*** | .26 | .65 | Social capital | −.234 | .231 | .79 | .50 | 1.24 | ||
Decision latitude | −.088 | .442 | 0.92 | .39 | 2.18 | Decision latitude | −.148 | .407 | .86 | .39 | 1.92 | ||
Workload | .213 | .280 | 1.24 | .72 | 2.14 | .194 | Workload | .157 | .258 | 1.17 | .71 | 1.94 | .168 |
Vigor | −.018 | .152 | 0.98 | .73 | 1.32 | Vigor | .105 | .139 | 1.11 | .85 | 1.46 | ||
Dedication | −.647 | .176 | 0.52*** | .37 | .74 | Dedication | −.617 | .163 | .54*** | .39 | 0.74 | ||
Absorption | .039 | .157 | 1.04 | .76 | 1.42 | .265 | Absorption | −.20 | .137 | .82 | .63 | 1.07 | .260 |
Quality of care unit: good or excellent (1) versus fair poor (0) | Quality of care unit: excellent (1) versus good or fair or poor (0) | ||||||||||||
B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | ||||
N = 1048 | Lower | Upper | N = 1070 | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Generations | ** | Generations | *** | ||||||||||
Generations (Z) | −.862 | .471 | .42 | .17 | 1.06 | Generations (Z) | −1.782 | .451 | .17*** | .07 | .41 | ||
Generations (Y) | −1.048 | .300 | .35*** | .20 | .63 | Generations (Y) | −1.037 | .219 | .36*** | .23 | .54 | ||
Generations (X) | −.417 | .316 | .66 | .36 | 1.23 | Generations (X) | −.223 | .198 | .80 | .54 | 1.18 | ||
Gender (male) | −.276 | .243 | .76 | .47 | 1.22 | .047 | Gender (male) | −.108 | .200 | .90 | .61 | 1.33 | .070 |
Professional Category | * | Professional Category | *** | ||||||||||
Category (1) | −.574 | .297 | .56 | .32 | 1.01 | Category (1) | −1.122 | .207 | .33*** | .22 | .49 | ||
Category 2) | −.985 | .373 | .37** | .18 | .78 | .056 | Category 2) | −1.401 | .320 | .25*** | .13 | .46 | .118 |
Social capital | 1.518 | .208 | 4.56*** | 3.04 | 6.86 | Social capital | 1.532 | .177 | 4.63*** | 3.27 | 6.55 | ||
Decision latitude | .155 | .330 | 1.17 | .61 | 2.23 | Decision latitude | .676 | .256 | 1.97*** | 1.19 | 3.25 | ||
Workload | −.408 | .212 | .67 | .44 | 1.01 | .245 | Workload | −.307 | .163 | .74 | .53 | 1.01 | .290 |
Vigor | .303 | .109 | 1.35** | 1.09 | 1.68 | Vigor | −.114 | .109 | .89 | .72 | 1.11 | ||
Dedication | .149 | .138 | 1.16 | .89 | 1.52 | Dedication | .232 | .145 | 1.26 | .95 | 1.68 | ||
Absorption | −.057 | .116 | .95 | .75 | 1.19 | .276 | Absorption | .046 | .099 | 1.05 | 0.86 | 1.27 | .295 |
Quality of care hospital: improved or certainly improved (1) versus deteriorated or certainly deteriorated (0) | Quality of care hospital: certainly improved (1) versus improved or deteriorated or certainly deteriorated (0) | ||||||||||||
B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | ||||
N = 1056 | Lower | Upper | N = 1054 | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Generations | Generations | ||||||||||||
Generations (Z) | 1.048 | .446 | 2.85* | 1.19 | 6.84 | Generations (Z) | −.611 | .542 | .54 | .19 | 1.57 | ||
Generations (Y) | −.119 | .216 | .89 | .58 | 1.36 | Generations (Y) | −.310 | .307 | .73 | .40 | 1.34 | ||
Generations (X) | −.131 | .214 | .88 | .58 | 1.33 | Generations (X) | −.198 | .287 | .82 | .47 | 1.44 | ||
Gender (male) | .264 | .209 | 1.30 | .86 | 1.96 | .024 | Gender (male) | .002 | .278 | 1.00 | .58 | 1.73 | .008 |
Professional Category | *** | Professional Category | |||||||||||
Category (1) | −1.276 | .269 | .28*** | .17 | .47 | Category (1) | −.0660 | .297 | .94 | .52 | 1.68 | ||
Category 2) | −.741 | .361 | .48* | .24 | ;97 | .070 | Category 2) | −.258 | .463 | .77 | .31 | 1.91 | .010 |
Social capital | .679 | .162 | 1.97*** | 1.44 | 2.71 | Social capital | .815 | .263 | 2.26** | 1.42 | 3.59 | ||
Decision latitude | 0,426 | .264 | 1.53 | .91 | 2.57 | Decision latitude | 1.349 | .343 | 3.86*** | 1.97 | 7.55 | ||
Workload | − 1059 | .173 | .35*** | .25 | 0.49 | .191 | Workload | −.459 | .226 | .63* | .41 | .98 | .129 |
Vigor | 0.139 | .094 | 1.15 | .96 | 1.38 | Vigor | .316 | .199 | 1.37 | .93 | 2.03 | ||
Dedication | −.038 | .118 | .96 | .76 | 1.21 | Dedication | −.147 | .247 | .86 | .53 | 1.40 | ||
Absorption | .104 | .094 | 1.11 | .92 | 1.33 | .204 | Absorption | .327 | .162 | 1.39* | 1.01 | 1.91 | .166 |
Job satisfaction: satisfied or very satisfied (1) versus dissatisfied or very dissatisfied (0) | Job satisfaction: very satisfied (1) versus satisfied or dissatisfied or very dissatisfied (0) | ||||||||||||
B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | ||||
N = 1039 | Lower | Upper | N = 1039 | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Generations | Generations | ||||||||||||
Generations (Z) | .235 | .607 | 1.27 | .39 | 4.16 | Generations (Z) | .379 | .346 | 1.46 | .74 | 2.87 | ||
Generations (Y) | −.555 | .317 | .57 | .31 | 1.07 | Generations (Y) | .066 | .223 | 1.07 | .69 | 1.66 | ||
Generations (X) | −.180 | .326 | .84 | .44 | 1.58 | Generations (X) | −.169 | .220 | .84 | .55 | 1.30 | ||
Gender (male) | −.192 | .279 | .83 | .48 | 1.43 | .021 | Gender (male) | .020 | .205 | 1.02 | .68 | 1.52 | .021 |
Professional Category | ** | Professional Category | |||||||||||
Category (1) | −.932 | .344 | .39** | .20 | .77 | Category (1) | −.341 | .232 | .71 | .45 | 1.12 | ||
Category 2) | −.022 | .531 | .98 | .35 | 2.77 | .005 | Category 2) | −.094 | .325 | .91 | .48 | 1.72 | .013 |
Social capital | 1.034 | .216 | 2.81*** | 1.84 | 4.30 | Social capital | .934 | .174 | 2.54*** | 1.81 | 3,57 | ||
Decision latitude | .704 | .316 | 2.02 | 1.00 | 4.10 | Decision latitude | 1.989 | .276 | 7.31*** | 4.26 | 12.56 | ||
Workload | −.190 | .272 | 0.83 | .49 | 1.41 | .191 | Workload | −.504 | .196 | .60* | .41 | .89 | .286 |
Emotional exhaustion | −.681 | .125 | .51*** | .40 | .65 | Emotional exhaustion | −.816 | .116 | .44*** | .35 | .56 | ||
Depersonalisation | .192 | .142 | 1.21 | .92 | 1.60 | Depersonalisation | .084 | .142 | 1,09 | .82 | 1.44 | ||
Personal accomplishment | −.028 | .150 | .97 | .73 | 1,.30 | .251 | Personal accomplshment | .533 | .137 | 1.71*** | 1.30 | 2.23 | .387 |
Intention to leave hospital: yes (1) versus no (0) | Intention to leave profession: yes (1) versus no (0) | ||||||||||||
B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | ||||
N = 1039 | Lower | Upper | N = 1042 | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Generations | Generations | *** | |||||||||||
Generations (Z) | .181 | .835 | 1.20 | .23 | 6.16 | Generations (Z) | 1.023 | .799 | 2.78 | .58 | 13.33 | ||
Generations (Y) | .781 | .428 | 2.18 | .94 | 5.06 | Generations (Y) | 2.175 | .548 | 8.81*** | 3,.01 | 25.77 | ||
Generations (X) | .487 | .441 | 1.63 | .69 | 3.86 | Generations (X) | 1.427 | .562 | 4.17* | 1.38 | 12.54 | ||
Gender (male) | .649 | .306 | 1.91* | 1.05 | 3.49 | .052 | Gender (male) | .160 | .330 | 1,.17 | .61 | 2.24 | .078 |
Professional Category | Professional Category | *** | |||||||||||
Category (1) | −.382 | .324 | .68 | .36 | 1.29 | Category (1) | 2.280 | .568 | 9.78*** | 3.21 | 29.78 | ||
Category 2) | −.286 | .503 | .75 | .28 | 2.02 | .062 | Category 2) | 2.023 | .665 | 7.56** | 2.06 | 27;85 | .112 |
Social capital | −1.055 | .243 | .35*** | .22 | .56 | Social capital | −.394 | .238 | .67 | ;42 | 1.08 | ||
Decision latitude | −.185 | .440 | .83 | .35 | 1.97 | Decision latitude | −.685 | .413 | .50 | .22 | 1.13 | ||
Workload | −.259 | .334 | .77 | .40 | 1.49 | .184 | Workload | −.419 | .314 | .66 | .36 | 1.22 | .183 |
Emotional exhaustion | .544 | .152 | 1.72*** | 1.28 | 2.32 | Emotional exhaustion | .667 | .147 | 1.95*** | 1.46 | 2.60 | ||
Depersonalisation | .117 | .161 | 1.12 | .82 | 1.54 | Depersonalisation | .041 | .159 | 1.04 | .76 | 1.42 | ||
Personal accomplishment | −.124 | .171 | .88 | .63 | 1.24 | .242 | Personal accomplishment | −.134 | .170 | .88 | .63 | 1.22 | .254 |
Quality of care unit: good or excellent (1) versus fair poor (0) | Quality of care unit: excellent (1) versus good or fair or poor (0) | ||||||||||||
B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | ||||
N = 1032 | Lower | Upper | N = 1032 | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Generations | ** | Generations | *** | ||||||||||
Generations (Z) | −.663 | .491 | .52 | .20 | 1.35 | Generations (Z) | −1.749 | .452 | .17*** | .07 | .42 | ||
Generations (Y) | −.990 | .312 | .37** | .20 | .69 | Generations (Y) | −.890 | .221 | .41*** | .27 | .63 | ||
Generations (X) | −.418 | .326 | .66 | .35 | 1.25 | Generations (X) | −.194 | .199 | .82 | .56 | 1.22 | ||
Gender (male) | −.226 | .252 | .80 | .49 | 1.31 | .050 | Gender (male) | −.134 | .203 | .87 | .59 | 1.30 | .072 |
Category | * | Category | *** | ||||||||||
Category (1) | −.687 | .306 | .50* | .28 | .92 | Category (1) | −1.249 | .219 | .28*** | .19 | .44 | ||
Category 2) | −1.057 | .392 | .35** | .16 | .75 | .056 | Category 2) | −1.653 | .343 | .19*** | .10 | .38 | .120 |
Social capital | 1.424 | .209 | 4.15*** | 2.76 | 6.26 | Social capital | 1.329 | .178 | 3.78*** | 2.66 | 5.35 | ||
Decision latitude | .156 | .331 | 1.17 | .61 | 2.24 | Decision latitude | .659 | .259 | 1.93* | 1.16 | 3.21 | ||
Workload | −.041 | .252 | .96 | .59 | 1.57 | .225 | Workload | −.130 | .187 | .88 | .61 | 1.27 | .275 |
Emotional exhaustion | −.337 | .115 | .71** | .57 | .90 | Emotional exhaustion | −.038 | .097 | .96 | .80 | 1.17 | ||
Depersonalisation | −.126 | .131 | .88 | .68 | 1.14 | Depersonalisation | −.442 | .142 | .64** | .49 | .85 | ||
Personal accomplishment | .188 | .188 | 1.21 | .94 | 1.56 | .259 | Personal accomplishment | .051 | .117 | 1.05 | .84 | 1.32 | .293 |
Quality of care hospital: improved or certainly improved (1) versus deteriorated or certainly deteriorated (0) | Quality of care hospital: certainly improved (1) versus improved or deteriorated or certainly deteriorated (0) | ||||||||||||
B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | B | SE | OR | 95% C.I. | adjR2 | ||||
N = 1021 | Lower | Upper | N = 1021 | Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Generations | * | Generations | |||||||||||
Generations (Z) | 1.259 | .474 | .17*** | .07 | .42 | Generations (Z) | −.502 | .539 | .61 | .21 | 1.74 | ||
Generations (Y) | −.094 | .221 | .41*** | .27 | .63 | Generations (Y) | −.261 | .320 | .77 | .41 | 1.44 | ||
Generations (X) | −.087 | .219 | .82 | .56 | 1.22 | Generations (X) | −.149 | .291 | .86 | .49 | 1.53 | ||
Gender (male) | 0.334 | .215 | .87 | .59 | 1.30 | .072 | Gender (male) | .116 | .284 | 1.12 | .65 | 1.96 | .011 |
Professional Category | *** | Professional Category | |||||||||||
Category (1) | −1.394 | .284 | .28*** | .19 | .44 | Category (1) | −.121 | .306 | .89 | .49 | 1.61 | ||
Category 2) | −1.123 | .372 | .19*** | .10 | .38 | .120 | Category 2) | −1.042 | .586 | .35 | .11 | 1.11 | .021 |
Social capital | .601 | .166 | 3.78*** | 2.66 | 5.35 | Social capital | .443 | .240 | 1.56 | .97 | 2.49 | ||
Decision latitude | .500 | .264 | 1.93* | 1.16 | 3.21 | Decision latitude | 1.414 | .360 | 4.11*** | 2.03 | 8.33 | ||
Workload | −.860 | .198 | .88 | .61 | 1.27 | .275 | Workload | −.325 | .259 | .72 | .44 | 1.20 | .115 |
Emotional exhaustion | −.142 | .091 | .96 | .80 | 1.17 | Emotional exhaustion | .005 | .147 | 1.01 | .75 | 1.34 | ||
Depersonalisation | −.283 | .114 | .64** | .49 | .85 | Depersonalisation | −.552 | .231 | .58* | .37 | .91 | ||
Personal accomplishment | .023 | .110 | 1.05 | .84 | 1.32 | .293 | Personal accomplishment | .354 | .203 | 1.42 | .96 | 2.12 | .144 |