Background
Methods
Design
Setting
Population
Recruitment
The personal digital health profile
The targeted intervention
Analysis
Outcomes
Exposures
Socio-demographics
Health-risk behaviours and biomarkers
Phychological measures
Health-care usage
Statistical analysis
Results
Comparisons of the four stratification groups
Patient characteristics | In treatment n (%) | At high risk n (%) | Health-risk behaviour n (%) | No health-risk behaviour and not in treatment n (%) | Total n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Group one) | (Group two) | (Group three) | (Group four) | ||
Total | 699 (26) | 582 (22) | 618 (23) | 762 (29) | 2661 (100) |
Mean age (years)a | 51.8 | 52.9 | 42.8 | 46.1 | 45.4 |
Malea | 332 (47) | 319 (55) | 270 (44) | 243 (32) | 1164 (44) |
Danish origin* | 673 (96) | 567 (97) | 596 (96) | 731 (96) | 2567 (96) |
Employed**** | 575 (82) | 521 (90) | 538 (87) | 710 (93) | 2343 (88) |
Relative poverty**** | 99 (14) | 61 (10) | 120 (19) | 71 (9) | 351 (13) |
Education (Secondary and high school)**** | 145 (21) | 131 (23) | 109 (18) | 88 (12) | 473 (18) |
Cohabiting**** | 545 (78) | 458 (79) | 479 (78) | 659 (86) | 2141 (80) |
Smokersa | 140 (20) | 83 (14) | 237 (38) | 0 (0) | 460 (17) |
Alcohol risk behaviour (above low risk)a | 92 (13) | 72 (12) | 73 (12) | 57 (7) | 294 (11) |
Unhealthy diet (dietary score 0–4)a | 166 (24) | 132 (23) | 337 (55) | 0 (0) | 635 (24) |
Sedentary behavioura | 125 (18) | 102 (18) | 157 (25) | 0 (0) | 384 (14) |
Body mass index > 30a | 210 (30) | 229 (39) | 90 (15) | 34 (4) | 563 (21) |
Self-rated health (Good, very good, excellent)**** | 555 (79) | 506 (87) | 536 (87) | 728 (96) | 2325 (87) |
Mean mental well-being (total score)**** | 23.9 | 24.4 | 23.9 | 25.0 | 24.2 |
Mean self-efficacy (total score)**** | 29.7 | 30.3 | 30.1 | 31.2 | 30.3 |
Mean beliefs in a healthy lifestyle (total score)**** | 13.2 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 14.1 | 13.3 |
Health check in past two yearsa | 434 (62) | 152 (26) | 104 (17) | 142 (19) | 832 (31) |
Attendance and non-attendance at a GP-based health check (group two)
Exposures | Patients advised to attend the GP | Model 1 - crude | Model 2 – age and sex adjusted | Model 3 – minimally adjusted | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attenders (N = 110) n (%) | Non-attenders (N = 472) n (%) | Total (N = 582) n (%) | IRR | p-value | IRR | p-value | IRR | p-value | |
Age | |||||||||
29–44a | 5 (5) | 44 (9) | 49 (8) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
45–60 | 105 (95) | 428 (91) | 533(92) | 2.36 [0.91;6.14] | 0.077 | 2.44 [0.93;6.35] | 0.069 | 2.44 [0.93;6.35] | 0.069 |
Sex | |||||||||
Malea | 50 (45) | 269 (57) | 319 (55) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Female | 60 (55) | 203 (43) | 263 (45) | 1.48 [1.05;2.08] | 0.024 | 1.48 [1.05;2.08] | 0.026 | 1.48 [1.05;2.08] | 0.026 |
Country of origin | |||||||||
Danisha | 105 (95) | 462 (98) | 567 (97) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Non-Danish | 5 (5) | 10 (2) | 15 (3) | 1.81 [0.87;3.79] | 0.113 | 1.83 [0.90;3.74] | 0.097 | 1.86 [0.91;3.80] | 0.091 |
Employment status | |||||||||
Employedb | 97 (88) | 424 (90) | 521 (90) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Unemployed | 13 (12) | 48 (10) | 61 (10) | 1.15 [0.69;1.93] | 0.585 | 1.08 [0.64;1.84] | 0.776 | 1.13 [0.66;1.92] | 0.657 |
Relative povertyb | 9 (8) | 52 (11) | 61 (10) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Other | 101 (92) | 420 (89) | 521 (90) | 1.30 [0.69;2.44] | 0.409 | 1.27 [0.68;2.39] | 0.455 | 1.22 [0.66;2.26] | 0.524 |
Educational attainment | |||||||||
Secondary and high schoolb | 22 (20) | 109 (23) | 131 (23) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Vocational training and higher education | 88 (80) | 363 (77) | 451 (77) | 1.15 [0.75;1.76] | 0.517 | 1.19 [0.78;1.82] | 0.428 | 1.16 [0.76;1.77] | 0.499 |
Cohabitational status | |||||||||
Cohabitingb | 86 (78) | 372 (79) | 458 (79) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Single | 24 (22) | 100 (21) | 124 (21) | 1.04 [0.69;1.56] | 0.848 | 1.06 [0.71;1.59] | 0.783 | 1.06 [0.71;1.59] | 0.779 |
Smoking status | |||||||||
smokerb | 15 (14) | 68 (14) | 83 (14) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Non-smoker | 95 (86) | 404 (86) | 499 (86) | 1.04 [0.64;1.71] | 0.863 | 1.05 [0.64;1.72] | 0.841 | 1.06 [0.65;1.73] | 0.819 |
Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
above low riskb | 13 (12) | 59 (13) | 72 (12) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Low risk | 97 (88) | 413 (87) | 510 (88) | 1.04 [0.62;1.76] | 0.871 | 1.10 [0.65;1.85] | 0.727 | 1.07 [0.63;1.80] | 0.803 |
Diet | |||||||||
Not unhealthyb | 29 (26) | 103 (22) | 132 (23) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Unhealthy | 81 (74) | 369 (78) | 450 (77) | 0.81 [0.56;1.18] | 0.278 | 0.77 [0.48;1.06] | 0.093 | 0.70 [0.47;1.04] | 0.075 |
Physical activity | |||||||||
Sedentaryb | 29 (26) | 73 (15) | 102 (18) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Active | 81 (74) | 399 (85) | 480 (82) | 0.61 [0.42;0.88] | 0.009 | 0.61 [0.42;0.88] | 0.008 | 0.62 [0.42;0.90] | 0.012 |
Body mass index | |||||||||
> 30c | 63 (57) | 290 (61) | 353 (61) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
< 30 | 47 (43) | 182 (39) | 229 (39) | 0.88 [0.63;1.25] | 0.482 | 0.92 [0.64;1.32] | 0.632 | 0.97 [0.67;1.40] | 0.860 |
Health-risk behaviours | |||||||||
Two or moreb | 12 (11) | 32 (7) | 44 (8) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
One or none | 98 (89) | 440 (93) | 538 (92) | 0.66 [0.40;1.11] | 0.117 | 0.60 [0.35;1.01] | 0.054 | 0.61 [0.36;1.05] | 0.073 |
Self-rated health | |||||||||
Fair or poorb | 93 (85) | 413 (88) | 506 (87) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Good, very good, excellent | 17 (15) | 59 (12) | 76 (13) | 0.86 [0.54;1.38] | 0.536 | 0.89 [0.55;1.42] | 0.612 | 0.88 [0.54;1.45] | 0.613 |
Mental well-beingb | 24.2 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 0.99 [0.94;1.04] | 0.573 | 0.98 [0.94;1.04] | 0.552 | 0.99 [0.94;1.04] | 0.575 |
Self-efficacyd | 29.4 | 30.5 | 30.3 | 0.96 [0.93;0.99] | 0.013 | 0.97 [0.94;1.00] | 0.035 | 0.96 [0.93;1.00] | 0.025 |
Beliefs in a healthy lifestyleb | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 1.03 [0.94;1.14] | 0.503 | 1.00 [0.91;1.11] | 0.942 | 1.00 [0.91;1.10] | 0.997 |
Appointment at the GP in the past two years | |||||||||
Yesb | 97 (88) | 389 (82) | 486 (84) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
No | 13 (12) | 83 (18) | 96 (16) | 0.68 [0.40;1.17] | 0.095 | 0.75 [0.44;1.30] | 0.310 | 0.76 [0.44;1.31] | 0.322 |
Health check in the past two yearsa | 79 (72) | 351 (74) | 430 (74) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
No health check | 31 (28) | 121 (24) | 152 (26) | 0.89 [0.61;1.29] | 0.546 | 0.89 [0.62;1.30] | 0.557 | 0.89 [0.62;1.30] | 0.557 |
Attendance and non-attendance at an initial telephone-based counselling at the MHC (group three)
Exposures | Patients advised to attend MHCs | Model 1 - crude | Model 2 – age and sex adjusted | Model 3 – minimally adjusted | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attenders (N = 128) n (%) | Non-attenders (N = 490) n (%) | Total (N = 618) n (%) | IRR | p-value | IRR | p-value | IRR | p-value | |
Age | |||||||||
29–44a | 86 (67) | 284 (58) | 370 [60) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
45–60 | 42 (33) | 206 (42) | 248 (40) | 0.73 [0.52;1.01] | 0.060 | 0.73 [0.52;1.02] | 0.064 | 0.73 [0.52;1.02] | 0.064 |
Sex | |||||||||
Malea | 59 (46) | 211 (43) | 270 (44) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Female | 69 (54) | 279 (57) | 348 (56) | 0.91 [0.67;1.24] | 0.550 | 0.93 [0.68;1.27] | 0.650 | 0.93 [0.68;1.27] | 0.650 |
Country of origin | |||||||||
Danisha | 121 (95) | 475(97) | 596 (96) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Non-Danish | 7 (5) | 15 (3) | 22 (4) | 1.56 [0.83;2.95] | 0.165 | 1.62 [0.87;3.01] | 0.130 | 1.62 [0.87;3.01] | 0.130 |
Employment status | |||||||||
Employedb | 112 (88) | 426 (87) | 538 (87) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Unemployed | 16 (12) | 64 (13) | 80 (13) | 0.96 [0.60;1.53] | 0.861 | 0.95 [0.59;1.51] | 0.822 | 0.99 [0.62;1.57] | 0.953 |
Income | |||||||||
(50% below median income)b | 22 (17) | 98 (20) | 120 (19) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Other | 106 (83) | 392 (80) | 498 (81) | 1.16 [0.77;1.76] | 0.474 | 1.20 [0.79;1.83] | 0.401 | 1.21 [0.78;1.82] | 0.412 |
Educational attainment | |||||||||
Secondary and high schoolb | 18 (14) | 91(19) | 109 (18) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Vocational training and higher education | 110 (86) | 399 (81) | 509 (82) | 1.31 [0.83;2.06] | 0.242 | 1.28 [0.81;2.01] | 0.289 | 1.29 [0.82;2.04] | 0.275 |
Cohabitational status | |||||||||
Cohabitingb | 97 (76) | 381 (78) | 478 (77) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Single | 31 (24) | 109 (22) | 140 (23) | 1.09 [0.76;1.56] | 0.641 | 1.08 [0.75;1.55] | 0.675 | 1.11 [0.77;1.59] | 0.579 |
Smoking status | |||||||||
Smokerb | 38 (30) | 199 (41) | 237 (38) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Non-smoker | 90 (70) | 291 (59) | 381 (62) | 1.47 [1.04;2.07] | 0.028 | 1.44 [1.02;2.02] | 0.037 | 1.45 [1.03;2.04] | 0.032 |
Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
Above low riskb | 115 (90) | 430 (88) | 545 (88) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Low risk | 13 (10) | 60 (12) | 73 (12) | 1.19 [0.71;2.00] | 0.517 | 1.13 [0.67;1.91] | 0.640 | 1.15 [0.68;1.95] | 0.613 |
Diet | |||||||||
Not unhealthyb | 78 (61) | 259 (53) | 337 (55) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Unhealthy | 50 (39) | 231 (47) | 281 (45) | 0.77 [0.56;1.06] | 0.110 | 0.79 [0.57;1.10] | 0.165 | 0.77 [0.56;1.07] | 0.116 |
Physical activity | |||||||||
Sedentaryb | 34 (27) | 123 (25) | 157 (32) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Active | 94 (73) | 367 (75) | 461 (75) | 0.94 [0.66;1.32] | 0.708 | 0.96 [0.67;1.36] | 0.808 | 0.99 [0.70;1.41] | 0.960 |
Body Mass Index | |||||||||
> 30c | 101 (79) | 427 (87) | 528 (85) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
< 30 | 27 (21) | 63 (13) | 90 (15) | 0.63 [0.44;0.90] | 0.012 | 0.65 [0.45;0.95] | 0.026 | 0.62 [0.42;0.91] | 0.014 |
Health-risk behaviours | |||||||||
Two or moreb | 19 (15) | 68 (14) | 87 (14) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
One or none | 109 (85) | 422 (86) | 531 (86) | 0.93 [0.60;1.43] | 0.738 | 0.96 [0.62;1.48] | 0.850 | 0.95 [0.62;1.47] | 0.821 |
Self-rated health | |||||||||
Fair or poorb | 28 (22) | 54 (11) | 82 (13) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
Good, very good, excellent | 100 (78) | 436 (89) | 536 (87) | 0.55 [0.39;0.78] | 0.001 | 0.54 [0.38;0.77] | 0.001 | 0.53 [0.37;0.76] | 0.000 |
Mental well-beingb | 23.4 | 24.0 | 23.9 | 0.96 [0.92;1.01] | 0.089 | 0.97 [0.93;1.01] | 0.133 | 0.97 [0.92;1.01] | 0.115 |
Self-efficacyd | 29.4 | 30.2 | 30.1 | 0.97 [0.95;1.00] | 0.078 | 0.97 [0.94;1.00] | 0.068 | 0.96 [0.93;0.99] | 0.015 |
Beliefs in a healthy lifestyleb | 13.1 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 1.05 [0.96;1.13] | 0.287 | 1.05 [0.97;1.14] | 0.247 | 1.05 [0.96;1.14] | 0.279 |
Appointment at the general practitioner in the past two years | |||||||||
Yesb | 114 (89) | 421 (86) | 535 (87) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
No | 14 (11) | 69 (14) | 83 (13) | 0.79 [0.48;1.31] | 0.361 | 0.77 [0.46;1.29] | 0.327 | 0.79 [0.47;1.32] | 0.364 |
Health check at the general practitioner in past two yearsb | 101 (79) | 413 (84) | 514 (83) | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | 1 [.;.] | |||
No health check | 27 (21) | 77 (16) | 104 (17) | 0.76 [0.52;1.10] | 0.142 | 0.73 [0.51;1.06] | 0.100 | 0.73 [0.50;1.05] | 0.090 |