Background
Methods
Study design and patients
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics
EQ-5D
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline sociodemographic and clinical status
Parameter | |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 262 (57.5%) |
Female | 193 (42.3%) |
Age, median (Q1, Q3), years | 46.5(36.5, 57.0) |
18–39 | 134 (29.4%) |
40–59 | 233 (51.1%) |
≥60 | 88 (19.3%) |
Residence | |
East | 101 (22.1%) |
West | 99 (21.7%) |
South | 87 (19.1%) |
North | 85 (18.6%) |
Central | 83 (18.2%) |
Marital status | |
Single | 56 (12.3%) |
Married | 384 (84.2%) |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed | 15 (3.3%) |
Occupation | |
White collar | 134 (29.4%) |
Blue collar | 183 (40.1%) |
Unemployed | 66 (14.5%) |
Other | 72 (15.8%) |
Education | |
Primary School | 62 (13.6%) |
Junior school | 117 (25.7%) |
High-school | 125 (27.4%) |
College graduate | 151 (33.1%) |
Monthly family income/per persona | |
<2000 RMB | 252 (55.3%) |
2000–4999 RMB | 163 (35.7%) |
≥5000 RMB | 39 (8.6%) |
Parameter | ||
---|---|---|
Route of HCV acquisitiona | ||
Blood Transfusion | 271 (59.4) | |
Intravenous drug abuse | 17 (3.7) | |
Dental treatment | 92 (21.1) | |
Other | 87 (19.1) | |
Number of moderate or severe symptoms of discomfort, n (%)b | ||
0 | 383 (84.0%) | |
1 | 56 (12.3%) | |
≥2 | 17 (3.7%) | |
Extrahepatic manifestations, n (%)c | ||
Yes | 45 (9.7%) | |
No | 411 (90.3%) | |
Cirrhosis, n (%) | ||
Yes | 44 (9.6%) | |
No | 412 (90.4%) | |
Beck’s Depression Score, median (Q1, Q3) | ||
<17 | 411 (90.1%) | |
≥17 | 45 (9.7%) | |
HCV Genotype | ||
1 | 210 (46.1%) | |
2 | 116 (25.4%) | |
Else | 129 (28.3%) | |
Log10HCV RNA, IU/mL, (Q1, Q3) | 6.10 (5.34, 6.55) | |
Duration of follow-up, median months, (Q1, Q3) | 69.6 (69, 70) | |
Antiviral therapy during follow-up, n (%) | ||
Yes | 335 (73.5%) | |
No | 121 (26.5%) | |
Achieving SVR 12 during follow-up, n (%) | ||
Yes | 292 (64.0%) | |
No | 164 (36.0%) | |
Achieving SVR 24 during follow-up, n (%) | ||
Yes | 282 (61.8%) | |
No | 174 (38.2%) |
Health-related quality of life in HCV patients
Baseline (n = 456) | 1st year (n = 335) | 2nd year (n = 331) | 3nd year (n = 302) | 4th year (n = 253) | 5th year (n = 209) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate | Severe | Moderate | Severe | Moderate | Severe | Moderate | Severe | Moderate | Severe | Moderate | Severe | |
EQ-5D | ||||||||||||
MO, n (%) | 31(6.8) | 2(0.4) | 19(5.7) | 0(0) | 17(5.1) | 1(0.3) | 17(5.6) | 1(0.3) | 17(6.7) | 0(0) | 16(7.7) | 0(0) |
SC, n (%) | 5(1.1) | 1(0.2) | 4(1.2) | 0(0) | 4(1.2) | 0(0) | 3(1.0) | 0(0) | 1(0.4) | 0(0) | 1(0.5) | 0(0) |
UA, n (%) | 19(4.2) | 3(0.6) | 18(5.4) | 0(0) | 14(4.2) | 1(0.3) | 11(3.6) | 0(0) | 13(5.1) | 0(0) | 11(5.3) | 0(0) |
PD, n (%) | 96(21.1) | 5(1.1) | 57(17.0) | 3(0.9) | 56(16.9) | 3(0.9) | 56(18.5) | 1(0.3) | 36(14.2) | 1(0.4) | 27(12.9) | 1(0.5) |
AD, n (%) | 96(21.1) | 2(0.4) | 42(12.5) | 1(0.3) | 38(11.5) | 3(0.9) | 31(10.3) | 1(0.3) | 23(9.1) | 0(0) | 18(8.6) | 1(0.5) |
EQ-5D index, mean ± SD | 0.916 ± 0.208 | 0.938 ± 0.177 | 0.936 ± 0.199 | 0.943 ± 0.153 | 0.956 ± 0.125 | 0.949 ± 0.159 | ||||||
EQ-5D VAS, mean ± SD | 80.6 ± 13.0 | 82.1 ± 12.2 | 83.4 ± 12.7 | 85.9 ± 12.6 | 85.8 ± 13.1 | 86.9 ± 12.1 |
Individual domain of EQ-5D stratified by SVR
Predictors of longitudinal EQ-5D utility and EQ-VAS score in HCV participants by GEE estimation
Parameter | EQ-5D Index | EQ-VAS Score | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | p value | 95% CI | β | SE | p value | 95% CI | |
Gender (Ref: Female) | ||||||||
Male | 0.025 | 0.012 | 0.033 | 0.002, 0.047 | 3.462 | 0.928 | 0.000 | 1.643, 5.281 |
Age (Ref: ≥ 60y) | ||||||||
18–39 | 0.074 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.042, 0.105 | 8.459 | 1.306 | 0.000 | 5.900, 11.019 |
40–59 | 0.029 | 0.017 | 0.082 | -0.004, 0.062 | 3.166 | 1.280 | 0.013 | 0.658, 5.674 |
Residence (Ref: West) | ||||||||
Central | 0.037 | 0.018 | 0.036 | 0.002, 0.071 | 1.681 | 1.397 | 0.229 | -1.058, 4.419 |
East | 0.016 | 0.019 | 0.541 | -0.025, 0.049 | -1.379 | 1.371 | 0.314 | -4.065, 1.308 |
North | -0.019 | 0.022 | 0.378 | -0.062, 0.024 | -3.207 | 1.599 | 0.045 | -6.342, -0.073 |
South | 0.028 | 0.018 | 0.118 | -0.007, 0.062 | 1.936 | 1.352 | 0.152 | -0.714, 4.587 |
Marital status (Ref: Single) | ||||||||
Separated / Divorced / Widowed | -0.060 | 0.027 | 0.029 | -0.113, -0.006 | -10.961 | 2.412 | 0.000 | -15.689, -6.233 |
Married | -0.031 | 0.016 | 0.060 | -0.063, 0.001 | -4.372 | 1.208 | 0.000 | -6.740, -2.004 |
Occupation (Ref: Unemployed) | ||||||||
Blue collar | -0.021 | 0.012 | 0.085 | -0.046, 0.003 | -1.306 | 1.398 | 0.350 | -4.047, 1.435 |
White Collar | -0.015 | 0.013 | 0.234 | -0.039, 0.010 | -0.781 | 1.469 | 0.595 | -3.660, 2.099 |
Other | -0.033 | 0.018 | 0.068 | -0.068, 0.002 | -1.709 | 1.825 | 0.349 | -5.286, 1.868 |
Education (Ref: Primary School) | ||||||||
Junior school | 0.040 | 0.026 | 0.124 | -0.011, 0.091 | 3.261 | 1.556 | 0.036 | 0.211, 6.311 |
High-school | 0.026 | 0.026 | 0.316 | -0.025, 0.077 | 3.255 | 1.586 | 0.040 | 0.147, 6.364 |
College graduate | 0.050 | 0.025 | 0.047 | 0.001, 0.100 | 4.852 | 1.493 | 0.001 | 1.926, 7.778 |
Income (Ref: < 2000 RMB) | ||||||||
2000–4999 RMB | -0.012 | 0.013 | 0.370 | -0.037, 0.014 | 0.424 | 0.996 | 0.670 | -1.529, 2.377 |
5000–7999 RMB | 0.001 | 0.021 | 0.967 | -0.041, 0.043 | -0.805 | 2.086 | 0.700 | -4.892, 3.283 |
8000–9999 RMB | 0.064 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.049, 0.078 | 7.329 | 2.511 | 0.004 | 2.408, 12.251 |
≥10,000 RMB | 0.047 | 0.013 | 0.001 | 0.020, 0.074 | 3.951 | 3.046 | 0.195 | -2.020, 9.921 |
Route of HCV acquisition | ||||||||
Blood Transfusion | -0.005 | 0.009 | 0.583 | -0.022, 0.012 | -0.314 | 0.558 | 0.574 | -1.406, 0.779 |
Intravenous drug abuse | 0.001 | 0.025 | 0.972 | -0.048, 0.050 | -1.936 | 1.333 | 0.147 | -4.550, 0.678 |
Dental treatment | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.465 | -0.011, 0.023 | 0.864 | 0.666 | 0.195 | -0.442, 2.170 |
Other | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.813 | -0.019, 0.025 | 0.603 | 0.642 | 0.347 | -0.655, 1.861 |
Symptoms of discomfort (Ref: ≥ 2) | ||||||||
0 | 0.053 | 0.040 | 0.194 | -0.027, 0.132 | 4.391 | 2.638 | 0.096 | -0.779, 9.561 |
1 | 0.011 | 0.044 | 0.806 | -0.076, 0.097 | -1.517 | 2.974 | 0.610 | -7.347, 4.312 |
Extrahepatic manifestation (Ref: No) | -0.022 | 0.022 | 0.325 | -0.066, 0.022 | -2.470 | 1.755 | 0.159 | -5.909, 0.970 |
Cirrhosis (Ref: No) | -0.061 | 0.031 | 0.045 | -0.122, -0.001 | -5.741 | 1.640 | 0.000 | -8.955, -2.526 |
Beck’s Depression Score (Ref: < 17) | -0.043 | 0.017 | 0.013 | -0.077, -0.009 | -3.324 | 2.120 | 0.117 | -7.479, 0.832 |
HCV Genotype (Ref: Else) | ||||||||
1 | -0.028 | 0.016 | 0.073 | -0.060, 0.003 | -4.467 | 1.220 | 0.000 | -6.857, -2.076 |
2 | -0.016 | 0.013 | 0.225 | -0.042, 0.010 | -2.976 | 1.122 | 0.008 | -5.175, − 0.777 |
Log10 HCV RNA, IU/mL | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.860 | -0.009, 0.011 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.860 | -0.009, 0.011 |
SVR24 (Ref: No) | 0.049 | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.033, 0.065 | 5.933 | 0.564 | 0.000 | 4.827, 7.040 |
Duration of follow-up, month | -0.019 | 0.007 | 0.010 | -0.033, -0.004 | -1.521 | 0.531 | 0.004 | -2.562, -0.480 |
Parameter | EQ-5D Index | EQ-VAS Score | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | p value | 95% CI | β | SE | p value | 95% CI | |
Gender (Ref: Female) | ||||||||
Male | 2.042 | 0.900 | 0.023 | 0.278, 3.806 | ||||
Age (Ref: ≥ 60y) | ||||||||
18–39 | 0.048 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.016, 0.080 | 5.142 | 1.319 | 0.000 | 2.556, 7.727 |
40–59 | 0.015 | 0.017 | 0.400 | -0.019, 0.049 | 1.388 | 1.209 | 0.251 | -0.982, 3.758 |
Income (Ref: < 2000 RMB) | ||||||||
2000–4999 RMB | ||||||||
5000–7999 RMB | ||||||||
8000–9999 RMB | 0.047 | 0.017 | 0.005 | 0.014, 0.080 | ||||
≥10,000 RMB | 0.050 | 0.017 | 0.004 | 0.016, 0.084 | ||||
HCV Genotype (Ref: Else) | ||||||||
1 | -3.930 | 1.114 | 0.000 | -6.114, -1.746 | ||||
2 | -1.537 | 1.034 | 0.137 | -3.565, 0.490 | ||||
SVR24 (Ref: No) | 0.040 | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.023, 0.057 | 5.333 | 0.576 | 0.000 | 4.204, 6.462 |