Introduction
Materials and Methods
Study Setting and Data Sources
Study Variables
Outcome Measures
Oxygenation Variables and Mean Arterial Pressure
Statistical Analyses
Results
Baseline Characteristics
All | TBI | CA | SAH | ICH + AIS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients (%) | 8290 | 1974 (24) | 3446 (41) | 1135 (14) | 1735 (21) |
Age, median [IQR] | 61 [50–71] | 55 [40–67] | 64 [56–73] | 57 [49–66] | 61 [51–70] |
Gender (female), n (%) | 2571 (31) | 444 (23) | 906 (26) | 642 (57) | 579 (33) |
Premorbid physical performance independent in self-care (yes), n (%) | 7386 (89) | 1802 (91) | 2908 (84) | 1097 (97) | 1579 (91) |
PaO2 (kPa), median [IQR] | 11.5 [9.6–14.4] | 12.8 [10.4–15.9] | 10.8 [9–13.5] | 11.3 [9.6–14] | 11.6 [9.9–14.5] |
PaO2 groups | |||||
Hypoxemia (< 8.20 kPa), n (%) | 873 (10.5) | 113 (6) | 558 (16) | 84 (7) | 118 (7) |
Normoxemia (8.2–18.3 kPa), n (%) | 6581 (79.4) | 1573 (80) | 2606 (76) | 948 (84) | 1454 (84) |
Hyperoxemia (> 18.30 kPa), n (%) | 836 (10.1) | 288 (14) | 282 (8) | 103 (9) | 163 (9) |
MAP, lowest during 24 h (mmHg), median [IQR] | 63 [56–71] | 66 [58–73] | 61 [53–67] | 65 [59–71] | 66 [59–76] |
MAP tertiles, lowest during 24 h | |||||
< 60 mmHg, n (%) | 2902 (35) | 546 (28) | 1557 (45) | 327 (29) | 472 (27) |
60–68 mmHg, n (%) | 2774 (33) | 626 (32) | 1217 (35) | 431 (38) | 500 (29) |
> 68 mmHg, n (%) | 2614 (32) | 802 (40) | 672 (20) | 377 (33) | 763 (44) |
ICP monitored, during 24 h n (%) | 1497 (18) | 680 (34) | 51 (2) | 402 (35) | 364 (21) |
Vasoactive use, any during 24 h, n (%) | 5340 (64) | 989 (50) | 2683 (78) | 748 (66) | 920 (53) |
Glasgow Coma scale at admission, median [IQR] | 6 [3–11] | 6 [4–11] | 5 [3–12] | 8 [4–13] | 6 [3–10] |
Modified SAPS II scorea, median [IQR] | 26 [11–33] | 19 [10–30] | 30 [15–37] | 15 [17–29] | 26 [11–31] |
Outcome | |||||
Dead at 1 year, n (%) | 3912 (47) | 606 (31) | 1971 (57) | 419 (37) | 916 (53) |
Alive but disabledb at 1 year, n (%) | 1674 (20) | 586 (29) | 444 (13) | 246 (22) | 398 (23) |
Alive and independent in self-care at 1 year, n (%) | 2704 (33) | 782 (40) | 1031 (30) | 470 (41) | 421 (24) |
Mortality
Predictor (reference category) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|
Age | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | < 0.001 |
Admission diagnosis | ||
TBI | 1 (reference) | |
CA | 1.53 (1.32–1.78) | < 0.001 |
SAH | 1.61 (1.35–1.92) | < 0.001 |
ICH + AIS | 2.3 (1.98–2.68) | < 0.001 |
Premorbid physical performance independent in self-care (yes) | 0.53 (0.45–0.64) | < 0.001 |
PaO2-group | ||
Normoxemia 8.2–18.3 kPa | 1 (reference) | |
Hyperoxemia > 18.3 kPa | 1.16 (0.85–1.59) | 0.34 |
Hypoxemia < 8.2 kPa | 1.24 (0.96–1.61) | 0.10 |
MAP tertiles, lowest in 24 h | ||
< 60 mmHg | 1 (reference) | |
60–68 mmHg | 0.73 (0.64–0.84) | < 0.001 |
> 68 mmHg | 0.80 (0.69–0.92) | 0.002 |
Interaction PaO2-group * MAP tertiles | ||
Normoxemia * MAP < 60 mmHg | 1 (reference) | |
Hyperoxemia * MAP 60–68 mmHg | 0.76 (0.49–1.16) | 0.20 |
Hypoxemia * MAP 60–68 mmHg | 0.83 (0.57–1.22) | 0.35 |
Hyperoxemia * MAP > 68 mmHg | 1.03 (0.67–1.57) | 0.90 |
Hypoxemia * MAP > 68 mmHg | 1.33 (0.86–2.06) | 0.20 |
Vasoactive, any (yes) | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | 0.20 |
Intracranial pressure monitored (yes) | 0.92 (0.79–1.06) | 0.25 |
Modified SAPS II scorea | 1.08 (1.08–1.09) | < 0.001 |