Introduction
Materials and methods
Data sources
Selection of instrumental variables
TSMR analysis
Sensitivity analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Bidirectional causality of insomnia and frailty
Exposure/outcome | Nsnp | Methods | OR(95%CI) | SE | P value | P(Bonferroni correction) | Horizontal pleiotropy | Heterogeneity | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MR-Egger regression | MR-PRESSO | Cochran’s Q | P value | F | ||||||||||
Egger intercept | SE | P value | Global test P value | Distortion test Pval | ||||||||||
Insomnia/frailty | 35 | IVW | 2.32 (2.14–2.51) | 0.04 | 2.59e−96 | 2.59 e−97 | 1.27 e−03 | 2.73 e−03 | 6.44 e−01 | 0.17 | NA | 77.04 | 3.49 e−05 | 15.65 |
MR Egger | 2.04 (1.18–3.52) | 0.279 | 1.54 e−02 | 1.54 e−03 | ||||||||||
Weighted median | 2.16 (1.86–2.52) | 0.08 | 1.17 e−23 | 1.17 e−25 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 2.40 (1.82–3.16) | 0.14 | 4.96 e−07 | 4.96 e−09 | ||||||||||
Sleep duration/frailty | 34 | IVW | 0.998 (0.998–0.999) | 0.35 e−3 | 0.18 e−3 | 0.18 e−5 | − 0.01 | 0.26 e−2 | 0.01 | 0.01 | NA | 67.26 | 0.26 e−3 | 11.89 |
MR Egger | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.32 e−3 | 0.34 e−2 | 0.34 e−4 | ||||||||||
Weighted median | 0.999 (0.998–0.999) | 0.32 e−3 | 0.34 e−2 | 0.34 e−3 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 0.999 (0.998–0.999) | 0.27 e−3 | 0.33 e−2 | 0.33 e−3 | ||||||||||
Long sleep duration/frailty | 10 | IVW | 0.66 (0.37–1.17) | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.02 | − 0.71 e−2 | 0.53 e−02 | 0.22 | 0.72 | NA | 6.29 | 0.71 | 12.25 |
MR Egger | 2.05 (0.35–11.93) | 0.90 | 0.45 | 0.05 | ||||||||||
Weightedmedian | 0.65 (0.32–1.33) | 0.37 | 0.24 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 0.62 (0.27–1.43) | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.03 | ||||||||||
Short sleep duration/frailty | 22 | IVW | 1.30 (1.22–1.38) | 0.03 | 2.23 e−16 | 2.23 e−17 | 0.71 e−2 | 0.30 e−2 | 0.03 | 0.38 | NA | 234.91 | 4.33e− 38 | 14.23 |
MR Egger | 0.64 (0.35–1.14) | 0.30 | 1.47 e−01 | 1.47 e−2 | ||||||||||
Weighted median | 1.32 (1.24–1.40) | 0.03 | 1.44 e−17 | 1.44 e−18 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 1.29 (1.22–1.37) | 0.26 | 1.78 e−08 | 1.78 e−09 | ||||||||||
Daytime sleepiness/frailty | 20 | IVW | 1.49 (1.25–1.77) | 0.09 | 9.46 e−06 | 9.46 e−07 | − 5.10 e−04 | 1.93 e−03 | 0.79 | 0.26 | NA | 24.15 | 0.19 | 18.62 |
MR Egger | 1.58 (0.96–2.61) | 0.26 | 8.82 e−02 | 8.82 e−3 | ||||||||||
Weighted median | 1.40 (1.12–1.75) | 0.11 | 2.96 e−03 | 2.96 e−04 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 1.34 (1.08–1.67) | 0.11 | 1.54 e−02 | 1.54 e−3 |
Bidirectional causality of sleep duration and frailty
Bidirectional causality of daytime sleepiness and frailty
Discussion
Exposure/outcome | Nsnp | Methods | OR (95%CI) | SE | P value | P(Bonferroni correction) | Horizontal pleiotropy | Heterogeneity | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MR-Egger regression | MR-PRESSO | Cochran’s Q | P value | F | ||||||||||
Egger intercept | SE | P value | Global test P value | Distortion test Pval | ||||||||||
Frailty/Insomnia | 11 | IVW | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) | 0.03 | 0.28e−2 | 0.28e−3 | 4.93e−03 | 2.29e−03 | 0.06 | 0.07 | NA | 22.98 | 0.01 | 57.07 |
MR Egger | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) | 0.10 | 0.29 | 0.03 | ||||||||||
Weighted median | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.71e−2 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0.03 | ||||||||||
Frailty/sleep duration | 12 | IVW | 0.99 (0.94–1.06) | 0.03 | 0.95 | 0.10 | − 3.65e−03 | 2.73e−03 | 0.21 | 0.46 | NA | 11.03 | 0.44 | 53.78 |
MR Egger | 1.17 (0.92–1.48) | 0.12 | 0.233 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
Weighted median | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 0.05 | 0.83 | 0.08 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 0.07 | 0.93 | 0.09 | ||||||||||
Frailty/Long sleep duration | 13 | IVW | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 0.01 | 0.98e−2 | 0.98e−3 | 6.95e−03 | 0.11e−2 | 0.55 | 0.15 | NA | 18.97 | 0.09 | 50.55 |
MR Egger | 1.00 (0.91–1.11) | 0.05 | 0.95 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
Weighted median | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
Frailty/Short sleep duration | 13 | IVW | 1.05 (1.013–1.080) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.52e−3 | 1.470e−03 | 1.440e−03 | 0.33 | 0.17 | NA | 18.56 | 0.10 | 50.55 |
MR Egger | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) | 0.06 | 0.80 | 0.08 | ||||||||||
Weighted median | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.04 | ||||||||||
Frailty/Day time sleepiness | 13 | IVW | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 0.02 | 0.37e−2 | 0.37e−3 | 1.35e−03 | 1.67e−03 | 0.44 | 0.11 | NA | 21.05 | 0.05 | 50.55 |
MR Egger | 0.99 (0.86–1.15) | 0.07 | 0.97 | 0.10 | ||||||||||
Weighted median | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.15e−2 | ||||||||||
Weighted mode | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.01 |