nach oben

Erschienen in:

19.08.2021 | Original Article

The Frontal Assessment Battery 20 years later: normative data for a shortened version (FAB15)

verfasst von: Ciro Rosario Ilardi, Sergio Chieffi, Chiara Scuotto, Nadia Gamboz, Filomena Galeone, Maria Sannino, Elisabetta Garofalo, Marco La Marra, Bruno Ronga, Alessandro Iavarone

Erschienen in: Neurological Sciences | Ausgabe 3/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Objective

The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a neuropsychological tool largely used to assess executive functions. Prior studies found a marked ceiling effect for the prehension behavior subtest (PBT) in healthy and clinical populations. Aims of the present study were (i) to examine the psychometric properties of the FAB without the contribution of PBT and (ii) to provide normative data for a revised version of the FAB after exclusion of PBT (FAB15).

Methods

The normative sample included 1,187 healthy participants. PBT had near-zero variance, poor content validity, and no discrimination power. Internal consistency increased when PBT was excluded. We assessed the FAB15 factorial structure, interrater, and test–retest reliabilities. Normative data for the FAB15 were extracted through a regression-based procedure according to sex, age, and education.

Results

The principal component analysis revealed a single “executive factor” or alternatively a bifactorial solution reflecting the different degree of discriminative capability vs. difficulty of the subtests. The FAB15 demonstrated excellent interrater and test–retest reliabilities. Regression analysis showed that sex (lowly educated women < lowly educated men), higher age, and lower education affected FAB15 score. Accordingly, three grids for adjustment of raw scores (men, women, and both) were constructed. The cut-off was fixed at the non-parametric outer tolerance limit on the fifth centile (9.36, 95% CI).

Conclusion

The observation of a ceiling effect in healthy subjects makes PBT not suitable for inclusion in a neuropsychological battery. The FAB15 may successfully replace the conventional FAB as a more severe and valid short screening tool to assess executive functioning.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Dubois B, Slachevsky A, Litvan I, Pillon B (2000) The FAB: a frontal assessment battery at bedside. Neurology 55:1621–1626. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.55.11.1621CrossRefPubMed

Iavarone A, Ronga B, Pellegrino L, Loré E, Vitaliano S, Galeone F, Carlomagno S (2004) The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB): normative data from an Italian sample and performances of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. Funct Neurol 19:191–195PubMed

Kugo A, Terada S, Ata T et al (2007) Japanese version of the Frontal Assessment Battery for dementia. Psychiatry Res 153:69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2006.04.004CrossRefPubMed

Shen D, Cui B, Liu M, Gao J, Liu C, Li X, Cui L (2020) Strategy for screening cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Clin Neurosci 81:105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.09.016CrossRefPubMed

Oguro H, Yamaguchi S, Abe S, Ishida Y, Bokura H, Kobayashi S (2006) Differentiating Alzheimer’s disease from subcortical vascular dementia with the FAB test. J Neurol 253:1490–1494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-006-0251-7CrossRefPubMed

Kim TH, Huh Y, Choe JY et al (2010) Korean version of frontal assessment battery: psychometric properties and normative data. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 29:363–370. https://doi.org/10.1159/000297523CrossRefPubMed

Lima CF, Meireles LP, Fonseca R, Castro SL, Garrett C (2008) The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) in Parkinson’s disease and correlations with formal measures of executive functioning. J Neurol 255:1756–1761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-008-0024-6CrossRefPubMed

Asaadi S, Ashrafi F, Omidbeigi M, Nasiri Z, Pakdaman H, Amini-Harandi A (2016) Persian version of frontal assessment battery: correlations with formal measures of executive functioning and providing normative data for Persian population. Iran J Neurol 15:16–22PubMedPubMedCentral

Hurtado-Pomares M, Terol-Cantero MC, Sánchez-Pérez A, Leiva-Santana C, Peral-Gómez P, Valera-Gran D, Navarrete-Muñoz EM (2018) Measuring executive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: reliability and validity of the Spanish version of Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB-E). PLoS ONE 13:e0207698. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207698CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Sitek EJ, Konkel A, Dąbrowska M, Sławek J (2015) Utility of Frontal Assessment Battery in detection of neuropsychological dysfunction in Richardson variant of progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurol Neurochir Pol 49:36–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pjnns.2014.12.002CrossRefPubMed

11.

Rodrigues GR, Souza CP, Cetlin RS et al (2009) Use of the frontal assessment battery in evaluating executive dysfunction in patients with Huntington’s disease. J Neurol 256:1809–1815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-5197-0CrossRefPubMed

12.

Yamao A, Nagata T, Shinagawa S, Nukariya K, Ochiai Y, Kasahara H, Nakayama K (2011) Differentiation between amnestic-mild cognitive impairment and early-stage Alzheimer’s disease using the Frontal Assessment Battery test. Psychogeriatrics 11:235–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8301.2011.00377.xCrossRefPubMed

13.

Hurtado-Pomares M, Carmen Terol-Cantero M, Sánchez-Pérez A, Peral-Gómez P, Valera-Gran D, Navarrete-Muñoz EM (2018) The frontal assessment battery in clinical practice: a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 33:237–251. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4751CrossRefPubMed

14.

Appollonio I, Leone M, Isella V et al (2005) The frontal assessment battery (FAB): normative values in an Italian population sample. Neurol Sci 26:108–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-005-0443-4CrossRefPubMed

15.

Mok VCT, Wong A, Yim P et al (2004) The validity and reliability of Chinese Frontal Assessment Battery in evaluating executive dysfunction among Chinese patients with small subcortical infarct. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 18:68–74. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wad.0000126617.54783.7CrossRefPubMed

16.

Iavarone A, Lorè E, De Falco C et al (2011) Dysexecutive performance of healthy oldest old subjects on the Frontal Assessment Battery. Aging Clin Exp Res 23:351–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03337760CrossRefPubMed

17.

Benke T, Karner E, Delazer M (2013) FAB-D: German version of the Frontal Assessment Battery. J Neurol 260:2066–2072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-6929-8CrossRefPubMed

18.

Goh WY, Chan D, Ali NB, Chew AP, Chuo A, Chan M, Lim WS (2019) Frontal Assessment Battery in early cognitive impairment: psychometric property and factor structure. J Nutr Heal Aging 23:966–972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-019-1248-0CrossRef

19.

Abrahámová M, Smolejová E, Dančík D, Pribišová K, Heretik A, Hajdúk M (2020) Normative data for the Slovak version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Appl Neuropsychol. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2020.1748031CrossRef

20.

Bezdicek O, Růžička F, Fendrych Mazancova A et al (2017) Frontal Assessment Battery in Parkinson’s disease: validity and morphological correlates. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 23:675–684. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617717000522CrossRefPubMed

21.

Kenangil G, Orken DN, Ur E, Forta H (2010) Frontal assessment battery in patients with Parkinson disease in a Turkish population. Cogn Behav Neurol 23:26–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0b013e3181c5e2b0CrossRefPubMed

22.

Nakaaki S, Murata Y, Sato J, Shinagawa Y, Matsui T, Tatsumi H, Furukawa TA (2007) Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Frontal Assessment Battery in patients with the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 61:78–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01614.xCrossRefPubMed

23.

Castiglioni S, Pelati O, Zuffi M, Somalvico F, Marino L, Tentorio T, Franceschi M (2006) The frontal assessment battery does not differentiate frontotemporal dementia from Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 22:125–131. https://doi.org/10.1159/000093665CrossRefPubMed

24.

Kopp B, Rösser N, Tabeling S, Stürenburg HJ, de Haan B, Karnath HO, Wessel K (2013) Performance on the Frontal Assessment Battery is sensitive to frontal lobe damage in stroke patients. BMC Neurol 13:179. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-13-179CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Stamelou M, Diehl-Schmid J, Hapfelmeier A et al (2015) The frontal assessment battery is not useful to discriminate progressive supranuclear palsy from frontotemporal dementias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 21:1264–1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.08.006CrossRefPubMed

26.

Measso G, Cavarzeran F, Zappalà G et al (1993) The Mini-Mental State Examination: normative study of an Italian random sample. Dev Neuropsychol 9:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565649109540545CrossRef

27.

Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12:189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6CrossRefPubMed

28.

Lewis TJ, Trempe CL (2017) Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s—standard-of-care. In: Lewis TJ, Trempe CL (eds) The end of Alzheimer’s: the brain and beyond, 2nd edn. Academic Press, pp 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812112-2.00003-3

29.

Morgado J, Rocha CS, Maruta C, Guerreiro M, Martins IP (2010) Cut-off scores in MMSE: a moving target? Eur J Neurol 17:692–695. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02907.xCrossRefPubMed

30.

Carpinelli Mazzi M, Iavarone A, Russo G et al (2020) Mini-Mental State Examination: new normative values on subjects in Southern Italy. Aging Clin Exp Res 32:699–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01250-2CrossRefPubMed

31.

Coen RF, McCarroll K, Casey M et al (2016) The Frontal Assessment Battery: normative performance in a large sample of older community-dwelling hospital outpatient or general practitioner attenders. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 29:338–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988716666381CrossRefPubMed

32.

Kim HY (2013) Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restor Dent Endod 38:52–54. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Cohen JW (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York

34.

De Vaus D (2004) Surveys in social research. Routledge, London

35.

Taber KS (2018) The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Res Sci Educ 48:1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2CrossRef

36.

Lindig A, Hahlweg P, Christalle E, Scholl I (2020) Translation and psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Organisational Readiness for Implementing Change measure (ORIC): a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 10:e034380. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034380CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Pedersen KF, Alves G, Larsen JP, Tysnes OB, Møller SG, Brønnick K (2012) Psychometric properties of the Starkstein Apathy Scale in patients with early untreated Parkinson disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 20:142–148. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31823038f2CrossRefPubMed

38.

Shen L, Zeng H, Jin X, Yang J, Shang S, Zhang Y (2018) An innovative evaluation in fundamental nursing curriculum for novice nursing students: an observational research. J Prof Nurs 34:412–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2018.05.002CrossRefPubMed

39.

Spinnler H, Tognoni G (1987) Standardizzazione e Taratura Italiana di Test Neuropsicologici. Ital J Neurol Sci 1:8–120

40.

Capitani R, Laiacona M (1988) Aging and psychometric diagnosis of intellectual impairment: some considerations on test scores and their use. Dev Neuropsychol 4:325–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565648809540416CrossRef

41.

Capitani E (1997) Normative data and neuropsychological assessment. Common problems in clinical practice and research. Neuropsychol Rehabil 7:295–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755543CrossRef

42.

Baylor C, Hula W, Donovan NJ, Doyle PJ, Kendall D, Yorkston K (2011) An introduction to item response theory and Rasch models for speech-language pathologists. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 20:243–259. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0079)CrossRefPubMed

43.

Baker FB (2001) The basics of item response theory, 2nd edn. ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, College Park

44.

Toland MD (2014) Practical guide to conducting an item response theory analysis. J Early Adolesc 34:120–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431613511332CrossRef

45.

Boccia M, Marin D, D’Antuono G et al (2017) The Tower of London (ToL) in Italy: standardization of the ToL test in an Italian population. Neurol Sci 38:1263–1270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-017-2957-yCrossRefPubMed

46.

Llinàs-Reglà J, Vilalta-Franch J, López-Pousa S, Calvó-Perxas L, Torrents Rodas D, Garre-Olmo J (2017) The Trail Making Test: association with other neuropsychological measures and normative values for adults aged 55 years and older from a Spanish-speaking population-based Sample. Assessment 24:183–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115602552CrossRefPubMed

47.

Gonzalez R, Grant I, Miller SW et al (2006) Demographically adjusted normative standards for new indices of performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT). Clin Neuropsychol 20:396–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040590967559CrossRefPubMed

48.

Schweitzer JB, Hanford RB, Medoff DR (2006) Working memory deficits in adults with ADHD: is there evidence for subtype differences? Behav Brain Funct 2:43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-43CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

49.

Burton LA, Henninger D, Hafetz J (2005) Gender differences in relations of mental rotation, verbal fluency, and SAT scores to finger length ratios as hormonal indexes. Dev Neuropsychol 28:493–505. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326942dn2801_3CrossRefPubMed

50.

Italian National Institute of Statistics. Employment rate. http://dati.istat.it. Accessed 12 January 2021

51.

Baldivia B, Andrade VM, Bueno OFA (2008) Contribution of education, occupation and cognitively stimulating activities to the formation of cognitive reserve. Dement Neuropsychol 2:173–182. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-57642009DN20300003CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Darwish H, Farran N, Assaad S, Chaaya M (2018) Cognitive reserve factors in a developing country: education and occupational attainment lower the risk of dementia in a sample of Lebanese older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 10:277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00277CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

Rusmaully J, Dugravot A, Moatti JP et al (2017) Contribution of cognitive performance and cognitive decline to associations between socioeconomic factors and dementia: a cohort study. PLoS Med 14:e1002334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002334CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

54.

Ford KJ, Leist AK (2021) Returns to educational and occupational attainment in cognitive performance for middle-aged South Korean men and women. Gerontol Geriatr Med 7:23337214211004370. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214211004366CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Malpetti M, Ballarini T, Presotto L et al (2017) Gender differences in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s dementia: a 18 F-FDG-PET study of brain and cognitive reserve. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4212–4227. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23659CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

56.

Lhermitte F (1983) “Utilization behaviour” and its relation to lesions of the frontal lobes. Brain 106:237–255. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/106.2.237CrossRefPubMed

57.

Goldberg G, Bloom KK (1990) The alien hand sign. Localization, lateralization and recovery. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 69:228–238. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002060-199010000-00002CrossRefPubMed

58.

Archibald SJ, Mateer CA, Kerns KA (2001) Utilization behavior: clinical manifestations and neurological mechanisms. Neuropsychol Rev 11:117–130. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1016673807158CrossRefPubMed

59.

Schott JM, Rossor MN (2003) The grasp and other primitive reflexes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:558–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.74.5.558CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Mendez MF, McMurtray AM, Licht EA, Saul RE (2009) Frontal-executive versus posterior-perceptual mental status deficits in early-onset dementias. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 24:220–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317509332626CrossRefPubMed

61.

De Renzi E, Barbieri C (1992) The incidence of the grasp reflex following hemispheric lesion and its relation to frontal damage. Brain 115:293–313. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/115.1.293CrossRefPubMed

62.

Mestre T, Lang AE (2010) The grasp reflex: a symptom in need of treatment. Mov Disord 25:2479–2485. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23059CrossRefPubMed

63.

Hogan DB, Ebly EM (1995) Primitive reflexes and dementia: results from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Age Ageing 24:375–381. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/24.5.375CrossRefPubMed

64.

Borroni B, Broli M, Costanzi C, Gipponi S, Gilberti N, Agosti C, Padovani A (2006) Primitive reflex evaluation in the clinical assessment of extrapyramidal syndromes. Eur J Neurol 13:1026–1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01404.xCrossRefPubMed

65.

Slachevsky A, Villalpando JM, Sarazin M, Hahn-Barma V, Pillon B, Dubois B (2004) Frontal assessment battery and differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 61:1104–1107. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.61.7.1104CrossRefPubMed

66.

Besnard J, Allain P, Aubin G, Chauviré V, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Le Gall D (2011) A contribution to the study of environmental dependency phenomena: the social hypothesis. Neuropsychologia 49:3279–3294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.001CrossRefPubMed

Titel: The Frontal Assessment Battery 20 years later: normative data for a shortened version (FAB15)
verfasst von: Ciro Rosario Ilardi
Sergio Chieffi
Chiara Scuotto
Nadia Gamboz
Filomena Galeone
Maria Sannino
Elisabetta Garofalo
Marco La Marra
Bruno Ronga
Alessandro Iavarone
Publikationsdatum: 19.08.2021
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Neurological Sciences / Ausgabe 3/2022
Print ISSN: 1590-1874
Elektronische ISSN: 1590-3478
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05544-0

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

28.04.2024 Schwindel Nachrichten

Akuter Schwindel stellt oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wie nützlich dabei eine MRT ist, hat eine Studie aus Finnland untersucht. Immerhin einer von sechs Patienten wurde mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall diagnostiziert.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

25.04.2024 AAN-Jahrestagung 2024 Nachrichten

Ist die Tau-Last noch gering, scheint der Vorteil von Lecanemab besonders groß zu sein. Und beginnen Erkrankte verzögert mit der Behandlung, erreichen sie nicht mehr die kognitive Leistung wie bei einem früheren Start. Darauf deuten neue Analysen der Phase-3-Studie Clarity AD.

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

25.04.2024 Parkinson-Krankheit Nachrichten

Neue arznei- und zellbasierte Ansätze, Frühdiagnose mit Bewegungssensoren, Rückenmarkstimulation gegen Gehblockaden – in der Parkinsonforschung tut sich einiges. Auf dem Deutschen Parkinsonkongress ging es auch viel um technische Innovationen.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2022

Robot-assisted distal training improves upper limb dexterity and function after stroke: a systematic review and meta-regression

Post-COVID-19 longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: is it a new entity?

Hemodynamic factor evaluation using computational fluid dynamics analysis for de novo bleb formation in unruptured intracranial aneurysms

Miller Fisher syndrome following Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine

ALS2-related disorders in Spanish children: a severely affected case of infantile ascending spastic paraplegia due to homozygous R704X mutation