Background
Methods
Study area
Collection and rearing of wild An. gambiae s.l. larvae
Insecticide susceptibility tests
Species identification
Data analysis
Results
Species composition in study site
Insecticide susceptibility for wild and laboratory Kisumu strain populations
Age (days) | Season | Number tested | 24 h mortality | 95% CI | KDT50
| 95% CI | KDT95
| 95% CI | KDT50 ratio (RR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Dry | 800 | 100 | – | 24.5 | 23.8–25.3 | 46.1 | 44.4–47.9 | 1.3 |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 26.8 | 22.7–31.6 | 52.8 | 44.2–64.7 | 1.7 | |
3 | Dry | 800 | 100 | – | 27.2 | 26.2–28.2 | 51.2 | 49.1–53.4 | 1.5 |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 28.4 | 25.1–32.1 | 55.8 | 48.4–66.4 | 1.8 | |
5 | Dry | 800 | 100 | – | 22.58 | 21.8–23.4 | 42.5 | 40.8–44.4 | 1.2 |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 26.7 | 23.5–30.4 | 52.7 | 45.6–62.5 | 1.7 | |
10 | Dry | 800 | 100 | – | 25.3 | 24.5–26.2 | 47.7 | 47.8–49.7 | 1.4 |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 25.4 | 22.4–28.9 | 50.1 | 43.3–59.5 | 1.6 | |
Controla
| Dry | 800 | 100 | – | 18.2 | – | 23.7 | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 15.9 | – | 21.3 | – | – |
Age (days) | Season | Number tested | 24 h mortality | 95% CI | KDT50
| 95% CI | KDT95
| 95% CI | KDT50 ratio (RR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Dry | 800 | 40.4 | 36.1–44.7 | 51.36 | 49.2–53.7 | 126.3 | 118.6–135.1 | 3.4 |
Rain | 800 | 76.0 | 73.7–78.3 | 18.82 | 18.1–19.6 | 46.07 | 44.8–49.2 | 1.4 | |
3 | Dry | 800 | 43.1 | 28.8–57.4 | 57.10 | 54.6–59.7 | 140.4 | 131.5–150.7 | 3.8 |
Rain | 800 | 81.0 | 78.7–83.3 | 33.35 | 32.2–34.3 | 83.1 | 79.4–87.1 | 2.4 | |
5 | Dry | 800 | 79.6 | 57.0–102.2 | 50.33 | 48.1–52.6 | 123.7 | 116.2–132.3 | 3.3 |
Rain | 800 | 91.8 | 88.9–94.6 | 26.39 | 25.4–27.4 | 53.7 | 51.5–56.2 | 1.9 | |
10 | Dry | 800 | 81.7 | 66.7–96.6 | 23.9 | 22.9–25.0 | 58.9 | 55.7–62.5 | 1.6 |
Rain | 800 | 97.8 | 96.5–99.1 | 34.14 | 32.9–35.3 | 84.9 | 81.2–89.1 | 2.5 | |
Controla
| Dry | 800 | 100 | – | 15.1 | – | 27.6 | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 13.7 | – | 27.3 | – | – |
Age (days) | Season | Number tested | 24 h mortality | 95% CI | KDT50
| 95% CI | KDT95
| 95% CI | KDT50 ratio (RR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Dry | 800 | 44.5 | 39.9–49.2 | 36.6 | 34.3–37.9 | 101.2 | 94.6–37.9 | 2.9 |
Rain | 800 | 48.9 | 42.6–55.3 | 33.5 | 32.5–34.6 | 72.9 | 70.3–75.8 | 2.4 | |
3 | Dry | 800 | 50.14 | 45.9–54.4 | 15.9 | 14.9–16.8 | 44.6 | 41.7–47.8 | 1.3 |
Rain | 800 | 52.4 | 46.4–58.5 | 30.9 | 30.0–31.9 | 67.3 | 64.9–69.9 | 2.2 | |
5 | Dry | 800 | 49.9 | 44.4–55.4 | 32.7 | 31.8–33.7 | 71.1 | 68.6–73.8 | 2.6 |
Rain | 800 | 60.8 | 55.0–66.6 | 21.3 | 20.13–22.5 | 59.8 | 55.9–64.2 | 1.5 | |
10 | Dry | 800 | 60.5 | 54.7–66.3 | 25.1 | 24.3–25.8 | 54.5 | 52.5–56.6 | 2.0 |
Rain | 800 | 71.9 | 67.0–76.9 | 27.9 | 26.8–29.0 | 78.3 | 73.9–83.4 | 2.0 | |
Controla
| Dry | 800 | 100 | – | 12.5 | – | 19.8 | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 13.9 | – | 21.2 | – | – |
Age (days) | Season | Number tested | 24 h mortality | 95% CI | KDT50
| 95% CI | KDT95
| 95% CI | KDT50 ratio (RR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Dry | 800 | 30.8 | 25.7–35.8 | 51.7 | 49.5–54.1 | 144.9 | 135.9–155.3 | 4.1 |
Rain | 800 | 55.3 | 52.9–57.6 | 48.2 | 46.6–49.9 | 122 | 116.4–128.5 | 3.8 | |
3 | Dry | 800 | 43.7 | 38.7–48.8 | 37.7 | 36.1–39.3 | 105.5 | 99.6–112.3 | 3.0 |
Rain | 800 | 88.8 | 86.3–91.2 | 25.5 | 24.6–26.4 | 64.5 | 61.7–67.6 | 2.0 | |
5 | Dry | 800 | 43.8 | 38.8–48.8 | 37.3 | 35.8–38.9 | 104.6 | 98.6–111.3 | 3.0 |
Rain | 800 | 93.0 | 91.6–94.4 | 16.0 | 15.4–16.6 | 40.6 | 38.8–42.5 | 1.3 | |
10 | Dry | 800 | 64.8 | 59.1–70.4 | 22.2 | 21.2–33.3 | 62.36 | 58.8–66.3 | 1.8 |
Rain | 800 | 97.5 | 95.6–99.4 | 24.5 | 23.7–25.3 | 62.0 | 59.4–64.9 | 1.9 | |
Controla
| Dry | 800 | 100 | – | 12.5 | – | 25.1 | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 12.6 | – | 24.9 | – | – |
Age (days) | Season | Number tested | 24 h mortality | 95% CI | KDT50
| 95% CI | KDT95
| 95% CI | KDT50 ratio (RR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Dry | 800 | 94.0 | 91.7–96.3 | 59.3 | 57.5–61.2 | 125.2 | 119.7–131.3 | 4.5 |
Rain | 800 | 95.7 | 94.0–97.5 | 25.7 | 24.5–26.9 | 57.4 | 54.1–61.0 | 2.0 | |
3 | Dry | 800 | 95.3 | 92.9–97.6 | 47.5 | 46.2–48.9 | 100.3 | 96.3–104.7 | 3.6 |
Rain | 800 | 96.8 | 95.4–98.1 | 25.1 | 24.1–26.2 | 56.1 | 53.1–59.4 | 1.9 | |
5 | Dry | 800 | 98.0 | 97.1–98.9 | 44.1 | 42.7–45.6 | 93.1 | 89.1–97.6 | 3.3 |
Rain | 800 | 98.8 | 97.7–99.8 | 26.8 | 24.3–29.4 | 59.8 | 54.1–66.3 | 2.1 | |
10 | Dry | 800 | 99.3 | 98.4–100.1 | 28.9 | 28.1–29.9 | 61.2 | 58.8–63.8 | 2.2 |
Rain | 800 | 99.8 | 99.1–100.4 | 39.2 | 37.7–40.7 | 87.5 | 82.8–92.8 | 3.0 | |
Controla
| Dry | 800 | 100 | – | 13.3 | – | 27.1 | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 12.9 | – | 27.3 | – | – |
Age (days) | Season | Number tested | 24 h mortality | 95% CI | KDT50
| 95% CI | KDT95
| 95% CI | KDT50 ratio (RR) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Dry | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | 0 | 23.4 | 22.2–24.7 | 40.8 | 38.4–43.5 | 1.7 | |
3 | Dry | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | 0 | 23.3 | 22.1–24.6 | 40.6 | 38.2–43.3 | 1.7 | |
5 | Dry | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | 0 | 31.6 | 30.0–33.1 | 54.9 | 51.9-58.4 | 2.3 | |
10 | Dry | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | 0 | 36.2 | 34.6–37.9 | 63.0 | 59.7–66.9 | 2.6 | |
Controla
| Dry | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Rain | 800 | 100 | – | 13.8 | – | 25.1 | – | – |