The photobiomodulation effect of higher-fluence 808-nm laser therapy with a flat-top handpiece on the wound healing of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta: a brief report

Excerpt

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a useful tool employed in wound healing [1]. Several studies in vitro indicate that PBM with <500 mW average power and 3–10 J/cm² fluences enhances the wound healing process in a wide range of conditions in humans [2]. However, a lot of confusion still reigns in this field since, to date, the correct laser parameters of deposited energy density that effectively promote cell rescue without significant side effects are still elusive. To date, limited evidences suggest that the energy can be applied with the same efficiency from cellular to organismic level [3]. Furthermore, there are issues using low-power and fluence settings in the adoption of a standardized and worldwide use protocol. The interaction between a tissue and energy in the range of 600–1400 nm is based on scattering. When this type of energy goes through a tissue, a rapid decrease in its density can be observed [3]. Subsequently, it gets dispersed missing the target and failing a real therapeutic effect [3]. …