Background
Methods
Clinical specimens and study design
Characteristic | Training cohort | Independent cohort |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
≤ 59 | 66 (46.8%) | 54 (52.4%) |
> 59 | 75 (53.2%) | 49 (47.6%) |
Gender | ||
Male | 112 (79.4%) | 74 (71.8%) |
Female | 29 (20.6%) | 29 (28.2%) |
Tobacco use | ||
Yes | 95 (67.4%) | 66 (64.1%) |
No | 46 (32.6%) | 37 (35.9%) |
Alcohol use | ||
Yes | 61 (43.3%) | 40 (38.8%) |
No | 80 (56.7%) | 63 (61.2%) |
Tumor location | ||
Upper | 13 (9.2%) | 8 (7.8%) |
Middle | 95 (67.4%) | 65 (63.1%) |
Lower | 33 (23.4%) | 30 (29.1%) |
Tumor size | ||
≤ 4 | 92 (67.3%) | 63 (61.2%) |
> 4 | 47 (33.3%) | 40 (38.8%) |
N stage | ||
N0 | 66 (46.8%) | 64 (62.1%) |
N1 | 45 (31.9%) | 22 (21.4%) |
N2 | 20 (14.2%) | 13 (12.6%) |
N3 | 10 (7.1%) | 4 (3.9%) |
TNM stage | ||
I | 4 (2.8%) | 10 (9.7%) |
II | 73 (51.8%) | 57 (55.3%) |
III | 64 (45.4%) | 36 (35.0%) |
RNA isolation, labeling and microarray hybridization
Real time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR
Bioinformatic analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
LncRNA expression profiles of ESCC tissues
Identification of a 7-lncRNA signature for predicting the survival of ESCC patients in the training cohort
Characteristics | Training cohort (N = 141) | p value | Independent cohort (N = 103) | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | |||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Age | ||||||
≤ 59 | 37 (52.1%) | 35 (50.0%) | 0.802 | 29 (55.8%) | 25 (49.0%) | 0.493 |
> 59 | 34 (47.9%) | 35 (50.0%) | 23 (44.2%) | 26 (51.0%) | ||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 58 (81.7%) | 54 (77.1%) | 0.500 | 36 (69.2%) | 38 (74.5%) | 0.660 |
Female | 13 (18.3%) | 16 (22.9%) | 16 (30.8%) | 13 (25.5%) | ||
Tobacco use | ||||||
Yes | 49 (69.0%) | 46 (65.7%) | 0.680 | 31 (59.6%) | 35 (64.1%) | 0.413 |
No | 22 (31.0%) | 24 (34.3%) | 21 (40.4%) | 16 (35.9%) | ||
Alcohol use | ||||||
Yes | 34 (47.9%) | 27 (38.6%) | 0.260 | 22 (42.3%) | 18 (35.3%) | 0.546 |
No | 37 (52.1%) | 43 (61.4%) | 30 (57.7%) | 33 (64.7%) | ||
Tumor location | ||||||
Upper | 6 (8.5%) | 7 (10.0%) | 0.510 | 2 (3.8%) | 6 (11.8%) | 0.210 |
Middle | 51 (71.8%) | 44 (62.9%) | 32 (61.5%) | 33 (64.7%) | ||
Lower | 14 (19.7%) | 19 (27.1%) | 18 (34.6%) | 12 (23.5%) | ||
Tumor size | ||||||
≤ 4 | 48 (67.6%) | 46 (65.7%) | 0.810 | 33 (63.5%) | 30 (58.8%) | 0.629 |
> 4 | 23 (32.4%) | 24 (32.3%) | 19 (36.5%) | 21 (41.2%) | ||
N stage | ||||||
N0 | 40 (56.3%) | 26 (37.1%) | 0.050 | 35 (67.3%) | 29 (56.9%) | 0.240 |
N1 | 22 (31.0%) | 23 (32.9%) | 11 (21.2%) | 11 (21.6%) | ||
N2 | 6 (8.5%) | 14 (20.0%) | 6 (11.5%) | 7 (13.7%) | ||
N3 | 3 (4.2%) | 7 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (7.8%) | ||
TNM stage | ||||||
I | 2 (2.81%) | 2 (2.86%) | 0.579 | 8 (15.4%) | 2 (3.9%) | 0.131 |
II | 34 (47.9%) | 39 (55.7%) | 28 (53.8%) | 29 (56.9%) | ||
III | 35 (49.3%) | 28 (40.0%) | 16 (30.8%) | 20 (39.2%) | ||
Survival status | ||||||
Survival cases | 50 (70.4%) | 20 (28.6%) | < 0.001 | 32 (61.5%) | 11 (21.6%) | < 0.001 |
Death cases | 21 (29.6%) | 50 (71.4%) | 20 (38.5%) | 40 (78.4%) |
Confirmation of the 7-lncRNA prognostic signature in the independent cohort with qRT-PCR
The 7-lncRNA signature is an independent prognostic factor in patients with ESCC
Variables | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
Training cohort | ||||
Age (≤ 59 vs > 59) | 1.48 (0.93–2.37) | 0.101 | ||
Gender (Male vs female) | 1.04 (0.60–1.82) | 0.878 | ||
Tobacco use (Y vs N) | 1.08 (0.66–1.78) | 0.752 | ||
Alcohol use (Y vs N) | 1.01 (0.63–1.62) | 0.981 | ||
Tumor location (U vs M vs L) | 1.41 (0.94–2.41) | 0.095 | ||
Differentiation (H vs Mt vs L) | 1.34 (0.94–1.89) | 0.104 | ||
TNM stage (III vs I, II) | 3.17 (1.94–5.20) | < 0.001 | 2.80 (1.80–4.61) | < 0.001 |
7-LncRNA signature (H-risk vs L- risk) | 3.54 (2.11–5.92) | < 0.001 | 3.16 (1.90–5.31) | < 0.001 |
Independent cohort | ||||
Age (≤ 59 vs > 59) | 1.02 (0.62–1.70) | 0.926 | ||
Gender (Male vs female) | 1.22 (0.70–2.12) | 0.486 | ||
Tobacco use (Y vs N) | 1.12 (0.65–1.92) | 0.682 | ||
Alcohol use (Y vs N) | 0.96 (0.57–1.61) | 0.864 | ||
Tumor location (U vs M vs L) | 0.94 (0.60–1.47) | 0.784 | ||
Differentiation (H, Mt vs L) | 1.40 (0.97–2.01) | 0.069 | ||
TNM stage (III vs I, II) | 3.25 (1.94–5.46) | < 0.001 | 3.08 (1.83–5.18) | < 0.001 |
7-LncRNA signature (H-risk vs L-risk) | 2.67 (1.55–4.58) | < 0.001 | 2.51 (1.46–4.33) | 0.001 |
Variables | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
Training cohort | ||||
Age (≤ 59 vs > 59) | 0.96 (0.65–1.48) | 0.906 | ||
Gender (Male vs female) | 0.78 (0.46–1.32) | 0.357 | ||
Tobacco use (Y vs N) | 1.30 (0.82–2.05) | 0.265 | ||
Alcohol use (Y vs N) | 1.10 (0.73–1.67) | 0.657 | ||
Tumor location (U vs M vs L) | 1.26 (0.86–1.85) | 0.238 | ||
Differentiation (H vs Mt vs L) | 2.49 (1.63–3.81) | < 0.001 | 2.23 (1.45–3.44) | < 0.001 |
TNM stage (III vs I, II) | 2.41 (1.57–3.70) | < 0.001 | 1.93 (1.24–3.01) | 0.003 |
LncRNA signature (H-risk vs L- risk) | 2.36 (1.41–3.95) | < 0.001 | 2.28 (1.36–3.82) | 0.002 |
Independent cohort | ||||
Age (≤ 59 vs > 59) | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) | 0.868 | ||
Gender (Male vs female) | 1.14 (0.67–1.95) | 0.632 | ||
Tobacco use (Y vs N) | 1.03 (0.62–1.73) | 0.901 | ||
Alcohol use (Y vs N) | 1.05 (0.63–1.73) | 0.858 | ||
Tumor location (U vs M vs L) | 0.98 (0.64–1.51) | 0.941 | ||
Differentiation (H vs Mt vs Low) | 1.33 (0.94–1.89) | 0.104 | ||
TNM stage (III vs I, II) | 2.66 (1.60–4.40) | < 0.001 | 2.58 (1.55–4.27) | < 0.001 |
LncRNA signature (H-risk vs L-risk) | 2.36 (1.41–3.95) | 0.001 | 2.28 (1.36–3.82) | 0.002 |