Background
Methods
Design and sample
Type of unit | Hospital A | Hospital B | Hospital C | Hospital D |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wards
| ||||
Medical | 5 | 1 | 6 | 4 |
Surgical | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 |
Maternity and gynecology | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Eye diseases | 1 | |||
Ear diseases | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Dermatology | 1 | |||
Cancer | 1 | |||
Neurology | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Pulmonary diseases | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Rehabilitation | 1 | |||
Outpatient departments
| ||||
Surgical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Medical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Maternity and gynecology | 2 | 2 | ||
Eye diseases | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Ear or tooth and mouth diseases | 3 | 1 | 2 | |
Dermatology | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Cancer | 1 | 2 | ||
Pulmonary diseases | 1 | 1 | ||
Rehabilitation | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Psychiatry | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Emergency | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Dialysis | 1 | |||
Total
| 34 | 15 | 22 | 27 |
Instruments
Component’s name and summary | Statements included in the components | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Mutual respect | 0.93b
| 8.8c
| 21d
| I was appreciated (0.78e) |
4.44, 3.73-4.97a
| I was able to speak with the staff in private (0.78) | |||
I felt welcomed into the hospital (0.76) | ||||
I felt safe in hospital (0.74) | ||||
I was able to discuss issues with the staff in confidence (0.70) | ||||
I was listened to when I had worries (0.67) | ||||
2. Information | 0.95 | 7.9 | 19 | Restrictions relating to my illness were explained to me (0.78) |
4.24, 3.56-4.75 | I was given clear instructions about home care (0.77) | |||
I received sufficient information about my home care (0.76) | ||||
I received sufficient information about my illness (0.76) | ||||
I received sufficient information about my medication (0.68) | ||||
The rules relating to the hospital environment were explained (0.64) | ||||
I was able to ask questions concerning my care (0.61) | ||||
I was able to participate in the planning of my care (0.61) | ||||
I was addressed in clear and intelligible language (0.56) | ||||
The staff relied on my own assessment of how I felt (0.54) | ||||
My family were given enough attention (0.50) | ||||
Sufficient concern was shown about my state of health (0.49) | ||||
The members of staff respected each other’s expertise (0.48) | ||||
3. Basic needs | 0.93 | 5.2 | 12 | I was helped with my personal hygiene if necessary (0.94) |
4.27, 3.42-4.97 | I was given enough to drink (0.94) | |||
I was given an appropriate amount of food (0.93) | ||||
I was able to maintain and/or improve my mobility (0.86) | ||||
I received medication for my pain at the right time (0.59) | ||||
My pain was noticed and taken seriously (0.49) | ||||
4. Expertise | 0.94 | 4.3 | 10 | The physicians were professional (0.71) |
4.52, 3.89-4.93 | The other staff were professional (0.69) | |||
The nursing staff were professional (0.60) | ||||
I received help when I needed it (0.59) | ||||
There was good collaboration between members of staff (0.44) | ||||
I was treated in a friendly way (0.40) | ||||
I was treated with respect (0.40) | ||||
I was accepted for what I was (0.39) | ||||
My fears were alleviated (0.36) | ||||
My treatment was based on my needs (0.32) | ||||
5. Staffing adequacy | 0.92 | 3.2 | 7 | There were enough members of staff (0.74) |
4.04, 3.36-4.80 | The atmosphere was unhurried (0.69) | |||
The staff had enough time for me (0.67) | ||||
The atmosphere was positive (0.50) | ||||
The staff showed just the right level of interest (0.40) | ||||
6. Pain relief | 0.69 | 2.1 | 5 | I was given understandable guidance about pain treatment (0.66) |
3.62, 2.20-4.60 | My pain was also relieved with non-medical treatments (0.62) |
Component’s name and summary | Statements included in the components | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Leadership | 0.94b
| 5.8c
| 16d
| My manager is interested in staff well-being (0.91e) |
3.83, 2.57-4.63a
| …provides the staff feedback with an aim to develop work (0.88) | |||
…encourages the staff to take part in the planning (0.88) | ||||
…treats the staff fairly and equally (0.86) | ||||
…informs well about issues concerning my unit (0.79) | ||||
…is interested in work results and outcomes (0.78) | ||||
…enables continuous professional development (0.73) | ||||
2. Staff resources | 0.85 | 3.3 | 9 | New employees are familiarized well in my unit (0.76) |
3.20, 2.12-4.30 | The workload is distributed evenly in my unit (0.67) | |||
The flow of information works well in my unit (0.63) | ||||
There is usually enough staff in my unit (0.61) | ||||
My workload is appropriate (0.54) | ||||
3. Working preconditions | 0.77 | 3.2 | 9 | My salary is appropriate in relation to my work (0.79) |
3.32, 2.28-4.30 | I am satisfied with my working hours (0.64) | |||
I do not find my work too stressful (0.56) | ||||
I am willing to work in the hospital district in the future (0.55) | ||||
4. Working conditions | 0.85 | 3.2 | 9 | My unit has appropriate work facilities (0.85) |
3.41, 2.13-4.60 | My unit is comfortable (0.84) | |||
My unit is safe and secure (0.49) | ||||
My unit has equipment to ensure quality of care (0.80) | ||||
5. Self-Appreciation | 0.79 | 3.1 | 8 | I look after my own personal well-being (0.83) |
4.09, 3.22-4.78 | I am happy with my current health (0.69) | |||
I am active in developing myself professionally (0.66) | ||||
I feel I am a competent employee (0.61) | ||||
Combining work and personal life is successful (0.59) | ||||
6. Independence | 0.80 | 2.4 | 7 | I have the opportunity to make independent decisions (0.79) |
4.13, 3.30-4.83 | I have the opportunity to plan my work independently (0.62) | |||
I have a chance to influence decision-making in my unit (0.38) | ||||
7. Professional self-esteem | 0.74 | 2.4 | 6 | I appreciate my own work (0.76) |
My work is interesting (0.59) | ||||
4.52, 3.60-5.00 | Client feedback motivates me in my work (0.57) | |||
I trust the expertise of my colleagues (0.48) | ||||
8. Balance between skills and tasks | 0.69 | 2.4 | 6 | I can apply my skills and expertise in my work (0.76) |
3.99, 3.00-4.83 | My work tasks are suitably challenging (0.65) | |||
There is a good community spirit in my unit (0.65) | ||||
9. Ambitions | 0.64 | 1.5 | 4 | I have a chance for career development (0.80) |
2.70, 1.40-3.70 | The upper management appreciates my work (0.46) |
Ethical considerations
Data analyses
Results
Respondent demographics
Background variable | % |
---|---|
Gender | |
Female | 55.9 |
Male | 40.9 |
Missing | 3.2 |
Age | |
<20 years | 0.9 |
20-29 years | 8.8 |
30-39 years | 9.3 |
40-49 years | 12.0 |
50-59 years | 22.5 |
60-69 years | 22.6 |
70-79 years | 16.7 |
>79 years | 5.9 |
Missing | 1.3 |
Living | |
Alone | 22.3 |
With a spouse | 76.7 |
Missing | 1.0 |
Education | |
University degree | 10.7 |
University of applied sciences degree | 9.1 |
Vocational degree | 46.4 |
No degree | 25.8 |
Other | 5.4 |
Missing | 2.6 |
Occupational status | |
Senior management/professional | 6.2 |
Junior management/clerical | 10.2 |
Self-employed. farmer | 6.2 |
Employed | 22.9 |
Pensioner | 45.6 |
Other | 7.7 |
Missing | 1.2 |
Hospital admission | |
Planned | 67.5 |
An emergency | 30.0 |
Missing | 2.5 |
Reason for admission to hospital | |
Examination | 26.2 |
Treatment | 56.5 |
Other | 6.6 |
Missing | 0.7 |
Background variable | % |
---|---|
Gender | |
Female | 94.0 |
Male | 4.2 |
Missing | 1.8 |
Age | |
<20 years | 0.3 |
20-29 years | 14.0 |
30-39 years | 23.4 |
40-49 years | 31.2 |
50-59 years | 26.7 |
>59 years | 1.9 |
Missing | 2.7 |
Profession | |
Nurse leader | 6.1 |
Nurse, midwife, public health nurse, physiotherapist, radiographer, lab nurse | 74.7 |
Practical nurse | 15.7 |
Other | 2.5 |
Missing | 1.0 |
Type of employment | |
Permanent | 79.3 |
Temporary | 19.6 |
Missing | 1.1 |
Working hours | |
Day | 30.4 |
Rotational | 68.5 |
Missing | 1.1 |