Background
Methods
Study population
Participant interview and serological test
Diagnostic criteria
Arterial stiffness analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | Quartile 1 ≤10U/L (n = 200) | Quartile 2 11-20U/L (n = 871) | Quartile 3 21-30U/L (n = 340) | Quartile 4 31-40U/L (n = 104) |
P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 46(32–63) | 60(48–70) | 58(50–67) | 55(48–63) | <0.001 |
Males (%) | 32(16.0) | 269(30.9) | 148(43.5) | 47(45.2) | <0.001 |
Central obesity (%) | 63(31.5) | 525(60.3) | 241(70.9) | 77(74.0) | <0.001 |
WC (cm) | 75(69–82) | 84(77–90) | 87(81–94) | 87(81–95) | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 43(21.5) | 328(37.7) | 170(50.0) | 46(44.2) | <0.001 |
DM (%) | 13(6.5) | 139(16.0) | 61(17.9) | 19(18.3) | 0.002 |
SBP (mmHg) | 115(105–129) | 124(112–137) | 128(118–141) | 126(116–140) | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 71(66–78) | 73(68–80) | 79(70–84) | 77(70–85) | <0.001 |
High blood pressure (%) | 58(29.0) | 427(49.0) | 210(61.8) | 57(54.8) | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.98(0.77-1.36) | 1.35(0.98-1.89) | 1.54(1.11-2.20) | 1.79(1.18-2.42) | <0.001 |
High TG (%) | 24(12.0) | 281(32.3) | 149(43.8) | 53(51.0) | <0.001 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.54(1.26-1.79) | 1.40(1.20-1.64) | 1.30(1.14-1.51) | 1.29(1.08-1.52) | <0.001 |
Low HDL-c (%) | 49(24.5) | 237(27.2) | 107(31.5) | 36(34.6) | 0.129 |
FBG (mmol/L) | 4.80(4.48-5.06) | 4.89(4.50-5.38) | 4.95(4.61-5.43) | 5.10(4.72-5.55) | <0.001 |
High blood glucose (%) | 21(10.5) | 199(22.8) | 85(25.0) | 29(27.9) | <0.001 |
Mets (%) | 22(11.0) | 260(29.9) | 149(43.8) | 51(49.0) | <0.001 |
cfPWV (m/s) | 9.1(8.0-10.9) | 10.3(9.0-12.4) | 10.5(9.3-12.3) | 10.4(9.0-11.9) | <0.001 |
cfPWV > 10 m/s | 66(33.0) | 479(55.0) | 213(62.6) | 55(52.9) | <0.001 |
Characteristics | Quartile 1 ≤10 U/L (n = 57) | Quartile 2 11-20 U/L (n = 364) | Quartile 3 21-30 U/L (n = 187) | Quartile 4 31-40 U/L (n = 79) |
P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 36(31–57) | 43(32–58) | 40(31–54) | 40(32–54) | 0.331 |
Males (%) | 45(78.9) | 337(92.6) | 180(96.3) | 77(97.5) | <0.001 |
Central obesity (%) | 19(33.3) | 212(58.2) | 133(71.1) | 61(77.2) | <0.001 |
WC (cm) | 80(72–87) | 86(80–91) | 89(84–93) | 88(85–95) | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 9(15.8) | 101(27.7) | 48(25.7) | 23(29.1) | 0.262 |
DM (%) | 3(5.3) | 21(5.8) | 10(5.3) | 11(13.9) | 0.093 |
SBP (mmHg) | 118(111–127) | 123(116–135) | 125(115–134) | 123(117–137) | 0.011 |
DBP (mmHg) | 71(67–78) | 76(70–81) | 77(71–84) | 77(71–85) | 0.002 |
High blood pressure (%) | 15(26.3) | 138(37.9) | 77(41.2) | 35(44.3) | 0.150 |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.93(0.75-1.24) | 1.28(0.93-1.74) | 1.69(1.14-2.37) | 1.74(1.25-2.67) | <0.001 |
High TG (%) | 4(7.0) | 99(27.2) | 91(48.7) | 45(57.0) | <0.001 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.55(1.36-1.78) | 1.35(1.14-1.56) | 1.27(1.08-1.48) | 1.25(1.01-1.49) | <0.001 |
Low HDL-c (%) | 1(1.8) | 44(12.1) | 35(18.7) | 18(22.8) | 0.001 |
FBG (mmol/L) | 4.76(4.40-5.12) | 4.85(4.54-5.12) | 4.98(4.61-5.27) | 4.95(4.52-5.30) | 0.030 |
High blood glucose (%) | 5(8.8) | 40(11.0) | 25(13.4) | 17(21.5) | 0.060 |
Mets (%) | 3(5.3) | 73(20.1) | 55(29.4) | 35(44.3) | <0.001 |
cfPWV (m/s) | 9.4(8.5-11.4) | 9.7(8.7-11.3) | 9.5(8.7-10.7) | 9.9(8.8-11.2) | 0.516 |
cfPWV > 10 m/s | 21(36.8) | 166(45.6) | 68(36.4) | 35(44.3) | 0.161 |
Serum ALT levels | Non-drinkers | Drinkers | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) |
P-value | HR (95% CI) |
P-value | ||
Mets | ≤10 U/L | 1 | 1 | ||
11-20 U/L | 3.443(2.160-5.487) | <0.001 | 4.515(1.373-14.851) | <0.001 | |
21-30 U/L | 6.312(3.859-10.324) | <0.001 | 7.500(2.249-25.011) | <0.001 | |
31-40 U/L | 7.786(4.331-13.996) | <0.001 | 14.318(4.125-49.699) | <0.001 | |
Central obesity | ≤10 U/L | 1 | 1 | ||
11-20 U/L | 3.300(2.377-4.579) | <0.001 | 2.789(1.548-5.026) | 0.001 | |
21-30 U/L | 5.294(3.623-7.734) | <0.001 | 4.926(2.610-9.296) | <0.001 | |
31-40 U/L | 6.202(3.649-10.539) | <0.001 | 6.778(3.165-14.512) | <0.001 | |
High TG | ≤10 U/L | 1 | 1 | ||
11-20 U/L | 3.493(2.228-5.475) | <0.001 | 4.950(1.746-14.035) | 0.003 | |
21-30 U/L | 5.721(3.550-9.220) | <0.001 | 12.560(4.369-36.107) | <0.001 | |
31-40 U/L | 7.621(4.292-13.532) | <0.001 | 17.537(5.782-53.191) | <0.001 | |
Low HDL-c | ≤10 U/L | 1 | 1 | ||
11-20 U/L | 1.152(0.808-1.643) | 0.435 | 7.700(1.040-57.029) | 0.046 | |
21-30 U/L | 1.415(0.953-2.101) | 0.085 | 12.895(1.726-96.357) | 0.013 | |
31-40 U/L | 1.631(0.973-2.735) | 0.063 | 16.525(2.136-127.859) | 0.007 | |
High blood pressure | ≤10 U/L | 1 | 1 | ||
11-20 U/L | 2.355(1.688-3.285) | <0.001 | 1.710(0.914-3.199) | 0.093 | |
21-30 U/L | 2.969(1.815-4.858) | <0.001 | 1.960(1.016-3.783) | 0.045 | |
31-40 U/L | 3.955(2.716-5.758) | <0.001 | 2.227(1.065-4.659) | 0.033 | |
High blood glucose | ≤10 U/L | 1 | 1 | ||
11-20 U/L | 2.524(1.564-4.075) | <0.001 | 1.284(0.484-3.403) | 0.615 | |
21-30 U/L | 2.841(1.699-4.753) | <0.001 | 1.605(0.585-4.405) | 0.358 | |
31-40 U/L | 3.296(1.768-6.145) | <0.001 | 2.852(0.985-8.256) | 0.053 | |
cfPWV > 10 m/s | ≤10 U/L | 1 | 1 | ||
11-20 U/L | 2.481(1.795-3.429) | <0.001 | 1.437(0.808-2.558) | 0.217 | |
21-30 U/L | 3.405(2.358-4.918) | <0.001 | 0.980(0.530-1.812) | 0.948 | |
31-40 U/L | 2.279(1.403-3.701) | 0.001 | 1.364(0.679-2.740) | 0.384 |