Background
Methods
Diabetes and renal status
Blood pressure, sodium, and potassium measurements
Stroke
Statistical analyses
Results
Baseline data | No stroke | Any stroke | Ischemic stroke | Hemorrhagic stroke |
---|---|---|---|---|
n
| 3903 | 202 | 145 | 57 |
Men (%) | 51 | 63* | 63* | 61 |
Age (years) | 36.9 ± 11.8 | 45.8 ± 9.5* | 46.6 ± 9.5* | 44.4 ± 9.1* |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 20.0 (11.7–29.3) | 31.0 (24.4–36.8)* | 32.0 (25.4–37.0)* | 28.6 (25.0–34.9)* |
Age at stroke (years) | – | 52.2 ± 9.8 | 53.1 ± 10.0 | 49.9 ± 8.9 |
Blood pressure measurements | ||||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 ± 18 | 150 ± 23* | 150 ± 23* | 149 ± 23* |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79 ± 10 | 83 ± 11* | 83 ± 11* | 83 ± 12* |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 54 ± 16 | 67 ± 19* | 68 ± 20* | 66 ± 18* |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 97 ± 11 | 105 ± 13 | 105 ± 13* | 105 ± 14* |
Hypertensive (%) | 32 | 66* | 68* | 60* |
24-h urinary sodium excretion (mmol/l) | 140 (101–185) | 145 (98–192) | 149 (98–202) | 138 (96–161) |
24-h urinary potassium excretion (mmol/l) | 83 (62–105) | 79 (59–104) | 79 (56–104) | 82 (61–103) |
Sodium/potassium ratio | 1.74 (1.32–2.30) | 1.76 (1.45–2.33) | 1.81 (1.47–2.35) | 1.67 (1.39–1.78) |
Medication | ||||
Antihypertensive medication (%) | 36 | 78* | 78* | 77* |
ACE inhibitor (%) | 24 | 45* | 48* | 38* |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (%) | 5 | 12* | 12* | 11 |
Calcium channel blocker (%) | 11 | 33* | 35* | 27* |
β-Blocker (%) | 12 | 38* | 38* | 38* |
Diuretic (%) | 11 | 36* | 36* | 38* |
Other (%) | 1 | 2* | 1 | 4* |
Any stroke (HR) | P | Any stroke (SHR) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SBP, per 10 mmHg | 1.20 (1.11–1.29) | < 0.001 | 1.17 (1.09–1.25) | < 0.001 |
DBP, per 10 mmHg | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | 0.021 | 1.19 (1.02–1.37) | 0.026 |
MAP, per 10 mmHg | 1.32 (1.16–1.52) | < 0.001 | 1.27 (1.12–1.42) | < 0.001 |
PP, per 10 mmHg | 1.19 (1.10–1.30) | < 0.001 | 1.16 (1.07–1.25) | < 0.001 |
Ischemic stroke (HR) | P | Ischemic stroke (SHR) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SBP, per 10 mmHg | 1.19 (1.09–1.30) | < 0.001 | 1.16 (1.07–1.25) | < 0.001 |
DBP, per 10 mmHg | 1.15 (0.95–1.39) | 0.148 | 1.13 (0.94–1.33) | 0.170 |
MAP, per 10 mmHg | 1.29 (1.10–1.51) | 0.002 | 1.23 (1.06–1.40) | 0.007 |
PP, per 10 mmHg | 1.21 (1.09–1.33) | < 0.001 | 1.17 (1.06–1.27) | 0.002 |
Hemorrhagic stroke (HR) | P | Hemorrhagic stroke (SHR) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
SBP, per 10 mmHg | 1.21 (1.05–1.41) | 0.010 | 1.16 (1.02–1.31) | 0.023 |
DBP, per 10 mmHg | 1.38 (1.01–1.87) | 0.040 | 1.31 (0.98–1.65) | 0.064 |
MAP, per 10 mmHg | 1.42 (1.10–1.85) | 0.008 | 1.32 (1.04–1.59) | 0.024 |
PP, per 10 mmHg | 1.16 (0.98–1.38) | 0.089 | 1.13 (0.98–1.27) | 0.089 |