Background
Methods
Design
Setting and sample
Recruitment
Team
Interview guides
Data collection
Analysis
Results
N (%) | |
---|---|
RESIDENTS (N=2) | |
Type of home | |
Culturally specific | 2 (100) |
Gender | |
Woman | 1 (50) |
Man | 1 (50) |
Spoke a language in addition to English | 2 (100) |
FAMILY MEMBERS (N=8) | |
Type of home | |
Culturally specific | 4 (50) |
Mainstream | 4 (50) |
Gender | |
Woman | 5 (62.5) |
Man | 3 (37.5) |
Spoke a language in addition to English | 8 (100) |
STAFF MEMBERS (N=11) | |
Type of home | |
Mainstream | 5 (45.5) |
Culturally specific | 6 (54.5) |
Gender | |
Woman | 10 (90.9) |
Man | 1 (9.1) |
Spoke a language in addition to English | 9 (81.8) |
Staff roles | |
Licensed practical nurse | 4 (36.4) |
Health care aide | 3 (27.3) |
Director of care/Manager | 2 (18.2) |
Clinical Educator/Unit Clerk | 2 (18.2) |
Spectrum of family caregiving
Transition to SL
I’m also in my 50s and my husband works overseas, we never wanted to send [her] it’s our culture…always the parents are with us, especially with the son…but it was getting harder and harder. We tried keeping a nurse at home, like what the government gives, but it didn’t work for us and it didn’t work for her then she was again hospitalized and they said it’s better to move her. (Family, mainstream home)
Shame and guilt
Familiar activities and food
Recreation and social activities
Here we have nothing specific, it’s just basic recreation stuff like typical Canadian you know…they’ll have arts and crafts, but nothing really to commemorate the different cultures. We didn’t even celebrate Black History Month…. no Chinese New Year, it’s not very culturally sensitive environment for the residents. (Staff, mainstream home)
Familiar food
No, we don’t even have heart healthy diet, let alone, you know Halal and Kosher… they don’t have any access to that. They’re getting our typical Canadian food…it’s not an option for religious practices. (Staff, mainstream home)
Loneliness
The food they can probably handle, but the English language is definitely a big barrier for a lot of people, they are isolated or depressed because they can’t talk. You’re with the people and yet you cannot communicate with them, you’re alone because you cannot voice out your opinion and your feelings. (Staff, mainstream home)
My father felt it [the loneliness] more acutely because he was like a fish out of water in such a White facility. Everybody else I’m sure felt lonesome and neglected too, but at least they had each other, they had the language, they had the culture. (Family, mainstream home)
Language and care
Strategies and approaches
We had one instance where one of our residents [who was Cantonese], she fell and we called the son and the son is great, just so that they could ask her about moving her leg certain way, because we didn’t know if it was broke, if she's in any pain and stuff like that. We had to call him so now we have a couple of more words written down so that staff can kind of ask her certain things to add to the board, because there were a few words we didn’t have. (Staff, mainstream home)
I remember one of our residents, she speaks the same language as our [my] dialect and she’s always agitated. When I come approach her with the same dialect I can see her reaction, she calms down, and you can see that she’s so happy to hear that dialect so it’s definitely helpful to have different backgrounds of people working in a facility. (Staff, mainstream home)
Culturally competent care
Religious rituals and practices
He never missed his prayers, we pray five times a day, because we are Muslim…there’s no facility to be able to do the ritual washing that we have to do before each prayer…there’s no such facility available [in the home] for Muslim people when we do this. (Family, mainstream home)
Caring relationships
Even like in India, we can hire a servant for caretaking because they don’t have [this] kind of facility ...That’s the thinking of these people here too…the healthcare aide is [a] kind of servant like they hired back home.” (Staff, culturally specific home)