Table
1 displayed the GGN and basic clinical data for the 98 participants included in this investigation, in which the P-values for sex, age and nodule location were 0.527, 0.079 and 0.699, respectively, and none of these indicators were statistically significant (
P > 0.05). In addition, 43.6% (
N = 17) of the nodules in the PGL and MIA groups had their location in the upper lobe of the right lung, 42.4% (
N = 25) of the nodules in the IAC group had their location in the upper lobe of the right lung, and our statistics showed that the location of the nodules was in the upper lobe of the right lung in 42.9% of the total number of cases (
N = 42). The mean values, standard deviation, and p-values of MA, BiA, BiA/SmA ratio, LD, and LD/PD ratio in both groups were shown in Table
2. Among them, all statistical indicators were higher and statistically different in the IAC group than in the PGL and MIA groups (
p < 0.05). The BiA/SmA ratio and LD were found to be independent factors influencing their pathological classification using binary logistic regression analysis. Additionally, the BiA/SmA ratio and LD were included in the predictive probability equation of the logistic regression model. This logistic regression model’s predictive probability equation P = e
− 34.571+28.443 × 1+0.27 × 2/1 + e
− 34.571+28.443 × 1+0.27 × 2, where the variable X1 represented the BiA/SmA ratio (OR = 2.253e^12,95%CI: 959666.879-5.289e^
18,
P < 0.001)and variable X2 represented LD (OR = 1.310, 95% CI: 1.155–1.485,
P < 0.001). The ROC curves for the BiA/SmA ratio and LD, shown in Fig.
4, showed the area under the curve (AUC), were 0.8357 (95% CI: 0.7558–0.9157,
p < 0.001), 0.8666 (95% CI: 0.7866–0.9465,
p < 0.001), respectively. The BiA/SmA ratio had a sensitivity of 81.36% and a specificity of 71.79%, which corresponded to a Youden index of 1.068; the LD had a sensitivity of 94.92% and a specificity of 74.36%, which corresponded to a Youden index of 11.56. Figure
5 displayed the ROC curve for the combination of BiA/SmA ratio and LD in predicting the pathological classification of lung adenocarcinoma. The curve had an area under the curve of 0.9231 (95% CI: 0.8700-0.9762,
p < 0.001), a sensitivity of 81.36% and a specificity of 89.74%.