nach oben

Erschienen in:

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

20. Therapie von Begleiterkrankungen: Diabetes mellitus und Dyslipoproteinämie

verfasst von : Maria Apostolopoulou, Michael Roden

Erschienen in: Nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz von nicht-alkoholischer Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD), Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) steigt rasch an. 75 % der adipösen Menschen weisen eine NAFLD auf und 50–75 % der Patienten mit T2D haben eine Fettleber. Aufgrund von gemeinsamen pathophysiologischen Mechanismen sind einige Therapiekonzepte, die bei T2D eingesetzt werden, ebenfalls bei NAFLD wirksam. Vor allem die Lebensstilmodifikation, optimal mit einer Gewichtabnahme von etwa 10 % des Körpergewichts, stellt die Grundlage der Therapie von NAFLD und metabolischen Erkrankungen dar. Gegenwärtig sind keine blutglukosesenkenden Pharmaka auch für die Behandlung der NAFLD zugelassen. Mehrere blutglukosesenkende Pharmaka senken allerdings den Leberfettgehalt, Daten aus kontrollierten Studien zur Verbesserung der Leberhistologie liegen für Pioglitazon und Liraglutid vor. Bezüglich der Therapie einer Dyslipidämie sind die Statine sicher und effektiv zu bewerten und weisen auch positive Effekten bei NAFLD auf, erhöhen aber das Risiko für die Entstehung eines Diabetes. Daten zu anderen Lipidsenkern sind derzeit noch heterogen.

Alam S, Ghosh J, Mustafa G, Kamal M, Ahmad N (2018) Effect of sitagliptin on hepatic histological activity and fibrosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients: a 1-year randomized control trial. Hepatic Med 10:23–31. PubMed PMID: 29740221. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5931194. Epub 2018/05/10

Ambery P, Parker VE, Stumvoll M, Posch MG, Heise T, Plum-Moerschel L et al (2018) MEDI0382, a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist, in obese or overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, ascending dose and phase 2a study. Lancet 391(10140):2607–2618. PubMed PMID: 29945727. Epub 2018/06/28

Anania C, Perla FM, Olivero F, Pacifico L, Chiesa C (2018) Mediterranean diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 24(19):2083–2094. PubMed PMID: 29785077. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5960814. Epub 2018/05/23

Anderwald C, Bernroider E, Krssak M, Stingl H, Brehm A, Bischof MG et al (2002) Effects of insulin treatment in type 2 diabetic patients on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle. Diabetes 51(10):3025–3032. PubMed PMID: 12351443. Epub 2002/09/28

Apostolopoulou M, Corsini A, Roden M (2015) The role of mitochondria in statin-induced myopathy. European journal of clinical investigation 45(7):745–754. PubMed PMID: 25991405. Epub 2015/05/21

Armstrong MJ, Gaunt P, Aithal GP, Barton D, Hull D, Parker R et al (2016) Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Lancet 387(10019):679–690. PubMed PMID: 26608256. Epub 2015/11/27

Armstrong MJ, Houlihan DD, Rowe IA, Clausen WH, Elbrond B, Gough SC et al (2013) Safety and efficacy of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated liver enzymes: individual patient data meta-analysis of the LEAD program. Alimentary Pharmacol Ther 37(2):234–242. PubMed PMID: 23163663. Epub 2012/11/21

Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Didangelos TP, Giouleme OI, Liberopoulos EN, Karagiannis A, et al (2006) Effect of multifactorial treatment on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome: a randomised study. Curr Med Res Opin 22(5):873–883. PubMed PMID: 16709309. Epub 2006/05/20

Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Gossios TD, Griva T, Anagnostis P, Kargiotis K et al (2010) Safety and efficacy of long-term statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study: a post-hoc analysis. Lancet 376(9756):1916–1922. PubMed PMID: 21109302. Epub 2010/11/27

Baliunas DO, Taylor BJ, Irving H, Roerecke M, Patra J, Mohapatra S et al (2009) Alcohol as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 32(11):2123–2132. PubMed PMID: 19875607. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC2768203. Epub 2009/10/31

Basaranoglu M, Acbay O, Sonsuz A (1999) A controlled trial of gemfibrozil in the treatment of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 31(2):384. PubMed PMID: 10453959. Epub 1999/08/24

Belfort R, Harrison SA, Brown K, Darland C, Finch J, Hardies J et al (2006) A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 355(22):2297–2307. PubMed PMID: 17135584. Epub 2006/12/01

Carlstrom M, Larsson SC (2018) Coffee consumption and reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 76(6):395–417. PubMed PMID: 29590460. Epub 2018/03/29

Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Charlton M, Cusi K, Rinella M et al. (2018) The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 67(1):328–357. PubMed PMID: 28714183. Epub 2017/07/18

Chiu S, Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Cozma AI, Mirrahimi A, Carleton AJ et al (2014) Effect of fructose on markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. European journal of clinical nutrition 68(4):416–423. PubMed PMID: 24569542. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3975811. Epub 2014/02/27

Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC et al (2016) Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 39(11):2065–2079. PubMed PMID: 27926890. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6908414. Epub 2016/12/08

Cui J, Philo L, Nguyen P, Hofflich H, Hernandez C, Bettencourt R et al (2016) Sitagliptin vs. placebo for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol 65(2):369–76. PubMed PMID: 27151177. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5081213. Epub 2016/05/07

Cusi K, Orsak B, Bril F, Lomonaco R, Hecht J, Ortiz-Lopez C et al (2016) Long-term pioglitazone treatment for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 165(5):305–315. PubMed PMID: 27322798. Epub 2016/06/21

Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, Erdmann E, Massi-Benedetti M, Moules IK et al (2005) Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366(9493):1279–1289. PubMed PMID: 16214598. Epub 2005/10/11

EASL-EASD-EASO (2016) Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetologia 59(6):1121–1140. PubMed PMID: 27053230. Epub 2016/04/08

Fernandez-Miranda C, Perez-Carreras M, Colina F, Lopez-Alonso G, Vargas C, Solis-Herruzo JA (2008) A pilot trial of fenofibrate for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Digestive Liver Dis 40(3):200–205. PubMed PMID: 18261709. Epub 2008/02/12

Foster T, Budoff MJ, Saab S, Ahmadi N, Gordon C, Guerci AD (2011) Atorvastatin and antioxidants for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the St Francis Heart Study randomized clinical trial. Am J Gastroenterol 106(1):71–77. PubMed PMID: 20842109. Epub 2010/09/16

Gaggini M, Morelli M, Buzzigoli E, DeFronzo RA, Bugianesi E, Gastaldelli A (2013) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its connection with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Nutrients 5(5):1544–1560. PubMed PMID: 23666091. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3708335. Epub 2013/05/15

Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, Buse JB, Engel SS, Garg J et al (2015) Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373(3):232–242 PubMed PMID: 26052984CrossRef

Harman DJ, Kaye PV, Harris R, Suzuki A, Gazis A, Aithal GP (2014) Prevalence and natural history of histologically proven chronic liver disease in a longitudinal cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes. Hepatology 60(1):158–168CrossRef

Haukeland JW, Konopski Z, Eggesbo HB, von Volkmann HL, Raschpichler G, Bjoro K et al (2009) Metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 44(7):853–860. PubMed PMID: 19811343. Epub 2009/10/09

Holoshitz N, Alsheikh-Ali AA, Karas RH (2008) Relative safety of gemfibrozil and fenofibrate in the absence of concomitant cerivastatin use. Am J Cardiol 101(1):95–97. PubMed PMID: 18157972. Epub 2007/12/26

Hyogo H, Yamagishi S, Maeda S, Kimura Y, Ishitobi T, Chayama K (2012) Atorvastatin improves disease activity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis partly through its tumour necrosis factor-alpha-lowering property. Diges Liver Dis 44(6):492–496. PubMed PMID: 22265683. Epub 2012/01/24

Joy TR, McKenzie CA, Tirona RG, Summers K, Seney S, Chakrabarti S et al (2017) Sitagliptin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. World J Gastroenterol 23(1):141–150. PubMed PMID: 28104990. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5221278. Epub 2017/01/21

Juurinen L, Tiikkainen M, Hakkinen AM, Hakkarainen A, Yki-Jarvinen H (2007) Effects of insulin therapy on liver fat content and hepatic insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol 292(3):E829–E835. PubMed PMID: 17090752. Epub 2006/11/09

Kahl S, Gancheva S, Strassburger K, Herder C, Machann J, Katsuyama H et al (2020) Empagliflozin Effectively Lowers Liver Fat Content in Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 4, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 43(2):298–305. PubMed PMID: 31540903. Epub 2019/09/22

Kargiotis K, Athyros VG, Giouleme O, Katsiki N, Katsiki E, Anagnostis P, et al (2015) Resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by rosuvastatin monotherapy in patients with metabolic syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 21(25):7860–7868. PubMed PMID: 26167086. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4491973. Epub 2015/07/15

Katsagoni CN, Georgoulis M, Papatheodoridis GV, Panagiotakos DB, Kontogianni MD (2018) Effects of lifestyle interventions on clinical characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Metabolism 68:119–132. PubMed PMID: 28183444. Epub 2017/02/12

Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Furie KL, Young LH, Inzucchi SE, Gorman M et al (2016) Pioglitazone after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 374(14):1321–1331. PubMed PMID: 26886418. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4887756. Epub 2016/02/18

Kim RG, Loomba R, Prokop LJ, Singh S (2017) Statin use and risk of cirrhosis and related complications in patients with chronic liver diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(10):1521–1530 e8. PubMed PMID: 28479502. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5605397. Epub 2017/05/10

King P, Peacock I, Donnelly R (1999) The UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS): clinical and therapeutic implications for type 2 diabetes. British J Clin Pharmacol 48(5):643–648. PubMed PMID: 10594464. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC2014359. Epub 1999/12/14

Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA et al (2002) Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346(6):393–403. PubMed PMID: 11832527. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC1370926. Epub 2002/02/08

Koehler EM, Plompen EP, Schouten JN, Hansen BE, Darwish Murad S, Taimr P et al (2015) Presence of diabetes mellitus and steatosis is associated with liver stiffness in a general population: The Rotterdam study. Hepatology 63(1):138–147 PubMed PMID: 26171685. Epub 2015/07/15CrossRef

Koliaki C, Szendroedi J, Kaul K, Jelenik T, Nowotny P, Jankowiak F et al (2015) Adaptation of hepatic mitochondrial function in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver is lost in steatohepatitis. Cell Metabol 21(5):739–746. PubMed PMID: 25955209. Epub 2015/05/09

Kuchay MS, Krishan S, Mishra SK, Farooqui KJ, Singh MK, Wasir JS et al (2018) Effect of empagliflozin on liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial (E-LIFT Trial). Diabetes Care 41(8):1801–1808. PubMed PMID: 29895557. Epub 2018/06/14

Lai LL, Vethakkan SR, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S, Chan WK (2019) Empagliflozin for the treatment of nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Diges Dis Sci. PubMed PMID: 30684076. Epub 2019/01/27

Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, Brosnahan N, Thom G, McCombie L et al (2018) Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 391(10120):541–551. PubMed PMID: 29221645. Epub 2017/12/10

Loomba R, Sirlin CB, Ang B, Bettencourt R, Jain R, Salotti J, et al (2015) Ezetimibe for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: assessment by novel magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance elastography in a randomized trial (MOZART trial). Hepatology 61(4):1239–1250. PubMed PMID: 25482832. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4407930. Epub 2014/12/09

Ma S, Zheng Y, Xiao Y, Zhou P, Tan H (2017) Meta-analysis of studies using metformin as a reducer for liver cancer risk in diabetic patients. Medicine 96(19):e6888. PubMed PMID: 28489794. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5428628. Epub 2017/05/11

Macauley M, Hollingsworth KG, Smith FE, Thelwall PE, Al-Mrabeh A, Schweizer A et al (2015) Effect of vildagliptin on hepatic steatosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 100(4):1578–1585. PubMed PMID: 25664602. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4399299. Epub 2015/02/11

Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, et al (2020) 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 41(1):111–188. PubMed PMID: 31504418. Epub 2019/09/11

Mach F, Ray KK, Wiklund O, Corsini A, Catapano AL, Bruckert E, et al (2018) Adverse effects of statin therapy: perception vs. the evidence – focus on glucose homeostasis, cognitive, renal and hepatic function, haemorrhagic stroke and cataract. Eur Heart J 39(27):2526–2539. PubMed PMID: 29718253. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6047411. Epub 2018/05/03

Marchesini G, Brizi M, Bianchi G, Tomassetti S, Bugianesi E, Lenzi M et al (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a feature of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 50(8):1844–1850. PubMed PMID: 11473047. Epub 2001/07/27

Maron DJ, Fazio S, Linton MF (2000) Current perspectives on statins. Circulation 101(2):207–213. PubMed PMID: 10637210. Epub 2000/01/19

Marso SP, Holst AG, Vilsboll T (2017) Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 376(9):891–892. PubMed PMID: 28249135. Epub 2017/03/02

Musa-Veloso K, Venditti C, Lee HY, Darch M, Floyd S, West S, et al (2018) Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies on the effectiveness of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Rev 76(8):581–602. PubMed PMID: 29917092. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6367993. Epub 2018/06/20

Musso G, Cassader M, Paschetta E, Gambino R (2017) Thiazolidinediones and advanced liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a meta-analysis. JAMA Inter Med 177(5):633–640. PubMed PMID: 28241279. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5470366. Epub 2017/02/28

Nakade Y, Murotani K, Inoue T, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Ishii N, et al (2017) Ezetimibe for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Hepatol Res 47(13):1417–1428. PubMed PMID: 28257594. Epub 2017/03/04

Nascimbeni F, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Pais R, Tordjman J, Poitou C, Charlotte F et al (2016) Statins, antidiabetic medications and liver histology in patients with diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 3(1):e000075. PubMed PMID: 27110380. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4838660. Epub 2016/04/26

Nelson A, Torres DM, Morgan AE, Fincke C, Harrison SA (2009) A pilot study using simvastatin in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 43(10):990–994. PubMed PMID: 19448566. Epub 2009/05/19

Newsome P, Francque S, Harrison S, Ratziu V, Van Gaal L, Calanna S et al (2019) Effect of semaglutide on liver enzymes and markers of inflammation in subjects with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. Alimentary Pharmacol Ther 50(2):193–203. PubMed PMID: 31246368. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6617813. Epub 2019/06/28

Parker HM, Johnson NA, Burdon CA, Cohn JS, O'Connor HT, George J (2012) Omega-3 supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 56(4):944–951. PubMed PMID: 22023985. Epub 2011/10/26

Pastori D, Polimeni L, Baratta F, Pani A, Del Ben M, Angelico F (2015) The efficacy and safety of statins for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diges Liver Dis 47(1):4–11. PubMed PMID: 25224698. Epub 2014/09/17

Petit JM, Pedro L, Guiu B, Duvillard L, Bouillet B, Jooste V et al (2015) Type 1 diabetes is not associated with an increased prevalence of hepatic steatosis. Diabetic Med 32(12):1648–1651. PubMed PMID: 25981893. Epub 2015/05/20

Preiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P, Murphy SA, Ho JE, Waters DD, et al (2011) Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA 305(24):2556–2564. PubMed PMID: 21693744. Epub 2011/06/23

Rana H, Yadav SS, Reddy HD, Singhal S, Singh DK, Usman K (2016) Comparative Effect of Insulin Sensitizers and Statin on Metabolic Profile and Ultrasonographical Score in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR 10(8):OC19–OC23. PubMed PMID: 27656480. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5028525. Epub 2016/09/23

Ratziu V, Charlotte F, Bernhardt C, Giral P, Halbron M, Lenaour G et al (2010) Long-term efficacy of rosiglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of the fatty liver improvement by rosiglitazone therapy (FLIRT 2) extension trial. Hepatology 51(2):445–453. PubMed PMID: 19877169. Epub 2009/10/31

Ratziu V, Harrison SA, Francque S, Bedossa P, Lehert P, Serfaty L et al (2016) Elafibranor, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and -delta, induces resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis without fibrosis worsening. Gastroenterology 150(5):1147–1159 e5. PubMed PMID: 26874076. Epub 2016/02/14

Romero-Gomez M, Zelber-Sagi S, Trenell M (2017) Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise. J Hepatol 67(4):829–846. PubMed PMID: 28545937. Epub 2017/05/27

Ruscica M, Ferri N, Macchi C, Meroni M, Lanti C, Ricci C, et al (2016) Liver fat accumulation is associated with circulating PCSK9. Ann Med 48(5):384–391. PubMed PMID: 27222915. Epub 2016/05/26

Sanyal AJ, Abdelmalek MF, Suzuki A, Cummings OW, Chojkier M (2014) No significant effects of ethyl-eicosapentanoic acid on histologic features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a phase 2 trial. Gastroenterology 147(2):377–384 e1. PubMed PMID: 24818764. Epub 2014/05/14

Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Kowdley KV, McCullough A, Diehl AM, Bass NM, et al (2010) Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 362(18):1675–1685. PubMed PMID: 20427778. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC2928471. Epub 2010/04/30

Sattar N, Fitchett D, Hantel S, George JT, Zinman B (2018) Empagliflozin is associated with improvements in liver enzymes potentially consistent with reductions in liver fat: results from randomised trials including the EMPA-REG OUTCOME(R) trial. Diabetologia 61(10):2155–2163. PubMed PMID: 30066148. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6133166. Epub 2018/08/02

Sherifali D, Nerenberg K, Pullenayegum E, Cheng JE, Gerstein HC (2010) The effect of oral antidiabetic agents on A1C levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 33(8):1859–1864. PubMed PMID: 20484130. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC2909079. Epub 2010/05/21

Shields WW, Thompson KE, Grice GA, Harrison SA, Coyle WJ (2009) The effect of metformin and standard therapy versus standard therapy alone in nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A pilot trial. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 2(3):157–163. PubMed PMID: 21180541. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3002518. Epub 2009/05/01

Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Boule NG, Wells GA, Prud'homme D, Fortier M et al (2016) Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Internal Med 147(6):357–69. PubMed PMID: 17876019. Epub 2007/09/19

Sigler MA, Congdon L, Edwards KL (2018) An evidence-based review of statin use in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol 11:1179552218787502. PubMed PMID: 30013416. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6043943. Epub 2018/07/18

Singh S, Singh PP, Singh AG, Murad MH, Sanchez W (2013) Statins are associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 144(2):323–332. PubMed PMID: 23063971. Epub 2012/10/16

Singh S, Singh PP, Singh AG, Murad MH, Sanchez W (2013) Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 108(6):881–891; quiz 92. PubMed PMID: 23381014. Epub 2013/02/06

Stroes ES, Thompson PD, Corsini A, Vladutiu GD, Raal FJ, Ray KK, et al (2015) Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy-European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on Assessment, Aetiology and Management. Eur Heart J 36(17):1012–1022. PubMed PMID: 25694464. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC4416140. Epub 2015/02/20

Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Rodella S, Zoppini G, Pichiri I et al (2010) Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Hepatol 53(4):713–8. PubMed PMID: 20619918. Epub 2010/07/14

Targher G, Lonardo A, Byrne CD (2018) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14(2):99–114. PubMed PMID: 29286050. Epub 2017/12/30

Tilg H, Moschen AR, Roden M (2017) NAFLD and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14(1):32–42. PubMed PMID: 27729660. Epub 2016/11/04.

Vaccaro O, Masulli M, Nicolucci A, Bonora E, Del Prato S, Maggioni AP et al (2017) Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (TOSCA.IT): a randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 5(11):887–897. PubMed PMID: 28917544. Epub 2017/09/18

Wijarnpreecha K, Thongprayoon C, Ungprasert P (2017) Coffee consumption and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 29(2):e8–e12. PubMed PMID: 27824642. Epub 2016/11/09

Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, Kato ET, Cahn A, et al (2019) Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 380(4):347–357. PubMed PMID: 30415602. Epub 2018/11/13

Ziegler D, Strom A, Kupriyanova Y, Bierwagen A, Bonhof GJ, Bodis K et al (2018) Association of lower cardiovagal tone and baroreflex sensitivity with higher liver fat content early in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 103(3):1130–8. PubMed PMID: 29267946. Epub 2017/12/22.

Lee WG, Wells CI, McCall JL, Murphy R, Plank LD (2019) Prevalence of diabetes in liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes/Metabolism Res Rev: e3157.

Li Y, Liu L, Wang B, Wang J, Chen D (2013) Metformin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 1(1):57–64. PubMed PMID: 24648894. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3956897. Epub 2013/01/01

Liangpunsakul S, Chalasani N (2012) What should we recommend to our patients with NAFLD regarding alcohol use? Am J Gastroenterol 107(7):976–978. PubMed PMID: 22764020. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3766378. Epub 2012/07/06

Macdonald IA (2016) A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes. Eur J Nutr 55(Suppl 2):17–23. PubMed PMID: 27882410. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5174139. Epub 2016/11/25

Mantovani A, Targher G (2017 Jul) Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: spotlight on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Transl Med 5(13):270 PubMed PMID: 28758096. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC5515814. Epub 2017/08/02CrossRef

Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JFE, Nauck MA et al (2016) Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375(4):311–322 PubMed PMID: 27295427CrossRef

Roden M, Shulman GI (2019) The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes. Nature 576(7785):51–60. PubMed PMID: 31802013. Epub 2019/12/06.

Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, Honarpour N, Wiviott SD, Murphy SA et al (2017) Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 376(18):1713–1722 PubMed PMID: 28304224CrossRef

Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, Steg PG, Davidson J, Hirshberg B et al (2013) Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 369(14):1317–1326 PubMed PMID: 23992601CrossRef

Sookoian S, Pirola CJ (2016) How safe is moderate alcohol consumption in overweight and obese individuals? Gastroenterology 150(8):1698–1703 e2. PubMed PMID: 26775630. Epub 2016/01/19

Stefan N, Roden M (2018) Diabetes und fettleber. Diabetol Stoffwechs 13:S205–S208.

Stein EA, Turner TA (2017) Are the PCSK9 inhibitors the panacea of atherosclerosis treatment? Expert Rev Cardiovas Ther 15(7):491–494. PubMed PMID: 28651464. Epub 2017/06/28

Takeshita Y, Takamura T, Honda M, Kita Y, Zen Y, Kato K, et al (2014) The effects of ezetimibe on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and glucose metabolism: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 57(5):878–890. PubMed PMID: 24407920. Epub 2014/01/11

Tappy L, Le KA (2010) Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. Physiol Rev 90(1):23–46. PubMed PMID: 20086073. Epub 2010/01/21

Targher G, Mantovani A, Pichiri I, Mingolla L, Cavalieri V, Mantovani W et al (2014) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is independently associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37(6):1729–1736CrossRef

Ter Horst KW, Schene MR, Holman R, Romijn JA, Serlie MJ (2016) Effect of fructose consumption on insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diet-intervention trials. Am J Clin Nutr 104(6):1562–1576. PubMed PMID: 27935520. Epub 2016/12/10

White WB, Cannon CP, Heller SR, Nissen SE, Bergenstal RM, Bakris GL et al (2013) Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 369(14):1327–1335 PubMed PMID: 23992602CrossRef

Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S et al (2015) Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373(22):2117–2128 PubMed PMID: 26378978CrossRef

Titel: Therapie von Begleiterkrankungen: Diabetes mellitus und Dyslipoproteinämie
verfasst von: Maria Apostolopoulou
Michael Roden
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-62483-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-62484-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62484-5_20

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

25.04.2024 Allergien und Intoleranzreaktionen Nachrichten

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen