Background
Pervasive computing and related concepts
Purpose of this review
Methods
Scope of systems
Inclusion criteria for systems
Inclusion criteria for studies
Search method
Results
System/Project Name | Countries | Number of Publications | Years of Publication | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
ABC (Activity-Based Computing) Framework, Aarhus | Denmark | 1 | 2005 | [76] |
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Monitoring System, St. Paul | USA | 1 | 2006 | [68] |
Activity Tracking and Ambient Displays | USA | 1 | 2003 | [21] |
Adaptive Coaching through Sequential Routines | USA | 1 | 2003 | [21] |
Advanced Care and Alert Portable Telemedical Monitor (AMON) Project | Switzerland, Israel, France | 2 | 2004, 2005 | |
Airmed-Cardio System | Spain | 1 | 2005 | [50] |
Allocation and Group Aware Pervasive Environment (AGAPE) System | Italy | 1 | 2006 | [60] |
Asset-Tracking System, Durham | USA | 1 | 2003 | [56] |
Asthma Monitoring System, Oxford | UK | 1 | 2005 | [49] |
Automated Surveillance System, La Tronche | France | 1 | 2003 | [32] |
Battlefield Medical Information System-Tactical (BMIST) System | USA | 1 | 2006 | [91] |
Blood Bag Monitoring System, Shimane | Japan | 1 | 2003 | [55] |
Care in the Community Project | UK | 1 | 2004 | [37] |
CareMedia Project | USA | 1 | 2004 | [67] |
Chronic Care Telemedicine System, Madrid | Spain | 1 | 2006 | [88] |
Cyber Crumb System | USA | 1 | 2004 | [53] |
Diabetes Telemedicine System, Oxford | UK | 1 | 2005 | [22] |
DiaBetNet | USA | 1 | 2004 | [57] |
Elite Care Business | USA | 1 | 2002 | [23] |
ENABLE Project, Cooker Monitor | UK, Lithuania, Ireland | 1 | 2004 | [72] |
ENABLE Project, Night Light | UK, Lithuania, Ireland | 1 | 2004 | [72] |
Gérontologie Assistée par la Recherche et le Diagnostic des Incidents et des Errances Nocturnes (Gardien) System | France | 1 | 2005 | [77] |
Hand-Held Decision Support System, Sydney | Australia | 1 | 2005 | [78] |
Hand-Held Devices in Emergency Department, Western Australia | Australia | 1 | 2004 | [83] |
Health Feedback Displays | USA | 1 | 2005 | [40] |
Home Asthma Telemonitoring (HAT) System | USA | 1 | 2004 | [48] |
Home Automated Telemanagement (HAT) System | USA | 1 | 2006 | [26] |
Home Monitoring of Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillators, Aachen | Germany | 1 | 2006 | [58] |
Home-Monitoring System for Cardiac Patients, Graz | Austria | 1 | 2006 | [85] |
Hospital Ward with Virtual Notes, Trondheim | Norway | 1 | 2006 | [74] |
Hospital Without Walls Project | Australia | 1 | 2002 | [69] |
iHospital System, Horsens | Denmark | 1 | 2006 | [13] |
Implantable Haemodynamic Monitoring System, Minneapolis | USA | 1 | 2005 | [59] |
Integrated Home Telehealth Care System, Seoul | Korea | 1 | 2005 | [45] |
Intelligent Emergency Respose (IERS) System | Canada | 1 | 2005 | [33] |
IST@HOME Project | EU | 1 | 2004 | [30] |
Karma2 Project | Italy | 2 | 2004, 2005 | |
LifeShirt System | International | 1 | 2004 | [46] |
MASCAL System | USA | 1 | 2005 | [54] |
MIThril System | USA | 1 | 2004 | [57] |
Mobile Emergency Triage (MET) System | Canada | 2 | 2004, 2005 | |
MobileWard System | Denmark | 1 | 2006 | [75] |
NASA Arrhythmia Monitoring System | USA | 1 | 2004 | [24] |
Notfall Organisations- und Arbeitshilfe (NOAH) System | Germany | 1 | 2003 | [80] |
Pervasive Sensor and Activity Tracking (Severe Cognitive Impairment) | USA | 1 | 2003 | [21] |
Proactive Activity Toolkit (PROACT) | USA | 1 | 2004 | [38] |
QuietCare System | USA | 1 | 2006 | [27] |
Real Time Location System, Antwerp | Belgium | 1 | 2006 | [39] |
Real-Time Wireless Physiological Monitoring System (RTWPMS), Taipei | Taiwan | 1 | 2006 | [64] |
Remote Monitoring System, Toulouse | France | 2 | 2002 | |
Safety Portal, Taipei | Taiwan | 2 | 2005, 2006 | |
SenseWear System | International | 1 | 2005 | [31] |
Array-Based Detectors (Simbad) Project | UK | 1 | 2004 | [34] |
TeleCARE Project | Spain | 1 | 2004 | [35] |
Triage and Casualty Informatics Technology (TACIT) System | USA | 1 | 2006 | [63] |
Triage Support System, Taipei | Taiwan | 1 | 2006 | [87] |
Trinetra System | USA | 1 | 2006 | [86] |
Tumor Board Project | Germany | 1 | 2006 | [79] |
Virtual Eye (VI) System | Saudi Arabia, UAE | 1 | 2006 | [29] |
Wearable Systems in Nursing Home Care, Lulea | Sweden | 1 | 2006 | [73] |
West Surrey Telemedicine Monitoring Project | UK | 1 | 2003 | [62] |
Wireless Alerts Pagers, Los Angeles | USA | 2 | 2003, 2005 | |
Wireless Electronic Prescription (EPS) System, London | UK | 1 | 2006 | [84] |
Wireless Intelligent Sensors (WISE), Huntsville | USA | 1 | 2003 | [28] |
Wireless Physiological Monitoring, Taipei | Taiwan | 1 | 2004 | [61] |
Wireless Sensors in Health and Care (WSHC) Project | Norway | 1 | 2006 | [47] |
Worker Interactive Networking (WIN) Project | USA | 1 | 2006 | [36] |
Status of system
Health care settings
Health care settings | n (%) | References |
---|---|---|
Ambulatory | 4 (6%) | |
Home/mobile | 38 (57%) | |
Emergency | 7 (10%) | |
Clinical | 24 (36%) | |
Care | 5 (7%) | |
Rehabilitation | 0 (0%) |
Users
Users | n (%) | References |
---|---|---|
Medical professionals | ||
Nurses/caregivers | 34 (51%) | |
Paramedics | 5 (7%) | |
Physicians | 36 (54%) | |
Lay persons | ||
Patients | 48 (72%) | |
Private caregivers/family | 9 (13%) | |
Others | 4 (6%) |
Improvement aims
Improvement aims | n (%) | References |
---|---|---|
Organizational improvements | 26 (39%) | |
Medical improvements | ||
Therapy and rehabilitation | 8 (12%) | |
Prevention and care | 42 (63%) |
Body Subsystems | n (%) | References |
---|---|---|
Cardiovascular System | 12 (18%) | |
Respiratory Tract | 8 (12%) | |
Endocrine System | 2 (3%) | |
Sensory Organs | 1 (1%) | [86] |
Nervous system | 14 (21%) | |
Others | 7 (10%) | |
No specific disease | 16 (24%) |
Systems features
Component types
Component types | n (%) | References |
---|---|---|
Conventional mobile device | 34 (51%) | |
Wearables | 28 (42%) | |
Implanted devices | 2 (3%) | |
Stationary devices | 34 (51%) |
Data gathering
Type of data gathering | n (%) | References |
---|---|---|
Monitoring of persons | 42 (63%) | |
Monitoring of objects | 11 (16%) | |
Localization of persons | 21 (31%) | |
Localization of objects | 3 (4%) | |
Manual input or request | 19 (28%) |
Data transmission
Systems functions
Functions | n (%) | References |
---|---|---|
Analytical and diagnostic support | 40 (60%) | |
Alerting | 31 (46%) | |
Support activities | 23 (34%) | |
Information and documentation | 21 (31%) | |
Process automation | 11 (16%) | |
Medical treatment | 0 |
Analysis of health care settings
Health care settings and improvement aims
Health care settings | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ambulatory | Home/mobile | Clinical | Care | Emergency | ||
Organizational improvements
|
n (%)
| 2 (3%) | 4 (6%) | 16 (24%) | 2 (3%) | 5 (7%) |
References
| ||||||
Medical improvements
| ||||||
Therapy and rehabilitation
|
n (%)
| 2 (3%) | 7 (10%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0 |
References
| [46] | |||||
Prevention and care
|
n (%)
| 2 (3%) | 32 (48%) | 10 (15%) | 4(6%) | 3 (4%) |
References
|
Health care settings and systems functions
Functions | Health care settings | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ambulatory | Home/mobile | Clinical | Care | Emergency | ||
Analytical and diagnostic support
|
n (%)
| 3 (2%) | 26 (18%) | 12 (8%) | 3 (2%) | 5 (3%) |
References
| ||||||
Alerting
|
n (%)
| 0 | 20 (14%) | 11 (7%) | 3 (2%) | 2 (1%) |
References
| ||||||
Support activities
|
n (%)
| 0 | 16 (11%) | 6 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
References
| [73] | [60] | ||||
Information and documentation
|
n (%)
| 2 (1%) | 4 (3%) | 15 (10%) | 1 (1%) | 4 (3%) |
References
| [64] | |||||
Process automation and control
|
n (%)
| 2 (1%) | 0 | 7 (5%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
References
| [91] |
Health care settings and component types
Health care settings | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Component types | Ambulatory | Home/mobile | Clinical | Care | Emergency | |
Conventional mobile devices
|
n (%)
| 2 (3%) | 14 (21%) | 15 (22%) | 3 (4%) | 6 (9%) |
References
| ||||||
Wearables
|
n (%)
| 2 (3%) | 19 (28%) | 8 (12%) | 2 (3%) | 3 (4%) |
References
| ||||||
Implanted devices
|
n (%)
| 0 | 2 (3%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
References
| ||||||
Stationary devices
|
n (%)
| 1 (1%) | 22 (33%) | 10 (15%) | 4 (6%) | 0 |
References
| [84] |
Analysis of systems features
Systems functions and types of data gathering
Systems functions | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Data gathering | Analytical and diagnostic support | Alerting | Support activities | Information and documentation | Process automation and control | |
Monitoring of persons
|
n (%)
| 32 (48%) | 24 (36%) | 13 (19%) | 9 (13%) | 2 (3%) |
References
| ||||||
Monitoring of objects
|
n (%)
| 3 (4%) | 5 (7%) | 5 (7%) | 4 (6%) | 3 (4%) |
References
| ||||||
Localization of persons
|
n (%)
| 10 (15%) | 10 (15%) | 9 (13%) | 9 (13%) | 5 (7%) |
References
| ||||||
Localization of objects
|
n (%)
| 0 | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
References
| [38] | [54] | [56] | |||
Manual input or request
|
n (%)
| 9 (13%) | 4 (6%) | 8 (12%) | 10 (15%) | 5 (7%) |
References
|
Systems functions and component types
Systems functions | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Component types | Analytical and diagnostic support | Alerting | Support activities | Information and documentation | Process automation and control | |
Conventional mobile devices
|
n (%)
| 19 (28%) | 15 (22%) | 15 (22%) | 16 (24%) | 7 (10%) |
References
| ||||||
Wearables
|
n (%)
| 18 (27%) | 13 (19%) | 11 (16%) | 6 (9%) | 5 (7%) |
References
| ||||||
Stationary systems
|
n (%)
| 17 (25%) | 17 (25%) | 13 (19%) | 9 (13%) | 5 (7%) |
References
|
Systems flexibility and complexity
n (%) | References | |
---|---|---|
One-function systems
| 30 (45%) | |
Analytical and diagnostic support | 12 (18%) | |
Alerting | 5 (7%) | |
Support activities | 7 (10%) | |
Information and documentation | 4 (6%) | |
Process automation and control | 2 (3%) | |
Two-function systems
| 19 (28%) | |
Three-function systems
| 14 (21%) | |
Four-function systems
| 4 (6%) |
n (%) | References | |
---|---|---|
Single-component system
| 38 (57%) | |
Conventional mobile devices | 13 (19%) | |
Wearables | 10 (15%) | |
Implanted devices | 1 (1%) | [58] |
Stationary devices | 14 (21%) | |
Two-component system
| 27 (40%) | |
Conventional mobile devices and wearables | 9 (13%) | |
Conventional mobile and stationary devices | 10 (15%) | |
Wearables and stationary devices | 7 (10%) | |
Implanted and stationary devices | 1 (1%) | [59] |
Three-component system
| ||
Conventional mobile and stationary devices and wearables | 2 (3%) |
Deployment issues
Deployment issues | References |
---|---|
Organizational or personnel issues | |
Financial issues | |
Privacy, security, and control issues | |
No deployment issues |