nach oben

Current Treatment Options in Neurology

Erschienen in:

01.09.2016 | Dementia (E McDade, Section Editor)

Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Dementia

verfasst von: Sharon Ooms, MSc, Yo-El Ju, MD MSCI

Erschienen in: Current Treatment Options in Neurology | Ausgabe 9/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Opinion statement

Sleep and circadian disorders occur frequently in all types of dementia. Due to the multifactorial nature of sleep problems in dementia, we propose a structured approach to the evaluation and treatment of these patients. Primary sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea should be treated first. Comorbid conditions and medications that impact sleep should be optimally managed to minimize negative effects on sleep. Patients and caregivers should maintain good sleep hygiene, and social and physical activity should be encouraged during the daytime. Given the generally benign nature of bright light therapy and melatonin, these treatments should be tried first. Pharmacological treatments should be added cautiously, due to the risk of cognitive side effects, sedation, and falls in the demented and older population. Regardless of treatment modality, it is essential to follow patients with dementia and sleep disorders closely, with serial monitoring of individual response to treatment.

Ohayon MM, Carskadon MA, Guilleminault C, Vitiello MV. Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep. 2004;27(7):1255–73.PubMed

Tractenberg RE, Singer CM, Kaye JA. Symptoms of sleep disturbance in persons with Alzheimer’s disease and normal elderly. J Sleep Res. 2005;14(2):177–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Deschenes CL, McCurry SM. Current treatments for sleep disturbances in individuals with dementia. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2009;11(1):20–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Swaab DF, Fliers E, Partiman TS. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia. Brain Res. 1985;342(1):37–44.CrossRefPubMed

Monk TH. Sleep and circadian rhythms. Exp Gerontol. 1991;26(2–3):233–43.CrossRefPubMed

Bombois S, Derambure P, Pasquier F, Monaca C. Sleep disorders in aging and dementia. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010;14(3):212–7.CrossRefPubMed

McCurry SM, Logsdon RG, Teri L, Gibbons LE, Kukull WA, Bowen JD, et al. Characteristics of sleep disturbance in community-dwelling Alzheimer’s disease patients. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1999;12(2):53–9.CrossRefPubMed

Vitiello MV, Borson S. Sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(10):777–96.CrossRefPubMed

Ju YE, McLeland JS, Toedebusch CD, Xiong C, Fagan AM, Duntley SP, et al. Sleep quality and preclinical Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(5):587–93.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Spira AP, Gamaldo AA, An Y, Wu MN, Simonsick EM, Bilgel M, et al. Self-reported sleep and beta-amyloid deposition in community-dwelling older adults. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(12):1537–43.PubMedPubMedCentral

11.•

Ju YE, Lucey BP, Holtzman DM. Sleep and Alzheimer disease pathology—a bidirectional relationship. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10(2):115–9. This article reviews animal and human data supporting the bi-directional link between sleep disturbance and accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Dauvilliers Y. Insomnia in patients with neurodegenerative conditions. Sleep Med. 2007;8 Suppl 4:S27–34.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Reynolds 3rd CF, Kupfer DJ, Taska LS, Hoch CC, Sewitch DE, Restifo K, et al. Sleep apnea in Alzheimer’s dementia: correlation with mental deterioration. J Clin Psychiatry. 1985;46(7):257–61.PubMed

14.

Ancoli-Israel S, Klauber MR, Butters N, Parker L, Kripke DF. Dementia in institutionalized elderly: relation to sleep apnea. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(3):258–63.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Guarnieri B, Adorni F, Musicco M, Appollonio I, Bonanni E, Caffarra P, et al. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in mild cognitive impairment and dementing disorders: a multicenter Italian clinical cross-sectional study on 431 patients. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2012;33(1):50–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Boddy F, Rowan EN, Lett D, O'Brien JT, McKeith IG, Burn DJ. Subjectively reported sleep quality and excessive daytime somnolence in Parkinson’s disease with and without dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;22(6):529–35.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Ondo WG, Dat Vuong K, Khan H, Atassi F, Kwak C, Jankovic J. Daytime sleepiness and other sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2001;57(8):1392–6.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Breen DP, Williams-Gray CH, Mason SL, Foltynie T, Barker RA. Excessive daytime sleepiness and its risk factors in incident Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84(2):233–4.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Fronczek R, Overeem S, Lee SY, Hegeman IM, van Pelt J, van Duinen SG, et al. Hypocretin (orexin) loss and sleep disturbances in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 1), e88.PubMed

20.

Howell MJ, Schenck CH. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative disease. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(6):707–12.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Rijsman RM, Schoolderman LF, Rundervoort RS, Louter M. Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20 Suppl 1:S5–9.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Leung RS, Comondore VR, Ryan CM, Stevens D. Mechanisms of sleep-disordered breathing: causes and consequences. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol. 2012;463(1):213–30.CrossRef

23.

Harper DG, Stopa EG, McKee AC, Satlin A, Harlan PC, Goldstein R, et al. Differential circadian rhythm disturbances in men with Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal degeneration. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(4):353–60.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Anderson KN, Hatfield C, Kipps C, Hastings M, Hodges JR. Disrupted sleep and circadian patterns in frontotemporal dementia. Eur J Neurol. 2009;16(3):317–23.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Ancoli-Israel S, Ayalon L. Diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;14(2):95–103.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540–5.PubMed

27.

Buysse DJ, Reynolds 3rd CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–213.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Tractenberg RE, Singer CM, Cummings JL, Thal LJ. The Sleep Disorders Inventory: an instrument for studies of sleep disturbance in persons with Alzheimer’s disease. J Sleep Res. 2003;12(4):331–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Hogl B, Arnulf I, Comella C, Ferreira J, Iranzo A, Tilley B, et al. Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson’s disease: critique and recommendations. Mov Disord. 2010;25(16):2704–16.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Morgenthaler T, Alessi C, Friedman L, Owens J, Kapur V, Boehlecke B, et al. Practice parameters for the use of actigraphy in the assessment of sleep and sleep disorders: an update for 2007. Sleep. 2007;30(4):519–29.PubMed

31.

Masa JF, Corral J, Pereira R, Duran-Cantolla J, Cabello M, Hernandez-Blasco L, et al. Therapeutic decision-making for sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome using home respiratory polygraphy: a large multicentric study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184(8):964–71.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Yaffe K, Laffan AM, Harrison SL, Redline S, Spira AP, Ensrud KE, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing, hypoxia, and risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older women. JAMA. 2011;306(6):613–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.•

Osorio RS, Gumb T, Pirraglia E, Varga AW, Lu SE, Lim J, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing advances cognitive decline in the elderly. Neurology. 2015;84(19):1964–71. This is the largest study demonstrating an association between obstructive sleep apnea and incident Alzheimer's Disease.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Ancoli-Israel S, Palmer BW, Cooke JR, Corey-Bloom J, Fiorentino L, Natarajan L, et al. Cognitive effects of treating obstructive sleep apnea in Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized controlled study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(11):2076–81.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Cooke JR, Ayalon L, Palmer BW, Loredo JS, Corey-Bloom J, Natarajan L, et al. Sustained use of CPAP slows deterioration of cognition, sleep, and mood in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and obstructive sleep apnea: a preliminary study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009;5(4):305–9.PubMedPubMedCentral

36.•

Troussiere AC, Charley CM, Salleron J, Richard F, Delbeuck X, Derambure P, et al. Treatment of sleep apnoea syndrome decreases cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(12):1405–8. This study provides a compelling reason to treat severe obstructive sleep apnea in Alzheimer's Disease patients.CrossRefPubMed

37.

American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition (ICSD-3). Darien: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.

38.

Aurora RN, Zak RS, Maganti RK, Auerbach SH, Casey KR, Chowdhuri S, et al. Best practice guide for the treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). J Clin Sleep Med. 2010;6(1):85–95.PubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Fereshtehnejad SM, Romenets SR, Anang JB, Latreille V, Gagnon JF, Postuma RB. New clinical subtypes of Parkinson disease and their longitudinal progression: a prospective cohort comparison with other phenotypes. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(8):863–73.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Hoch CC, Reynolds 3rd CF, Buysse DJ, Monk TH, Nowell P, Begley AE, et al. Protecting sleep quality in later life: a pilot study of bed restriction and sleep hygiene. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2001;56(1):P52–9.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Alessi CA, Martin JL, Webber AP, Cynthia Kim E, Harker JO, Josephson KR. Randomized, controlled trial of a nonpharmacological intervention to improve abnormal sleep/wake patterns in nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(5):803–10.CrossRefPubMed

42.

McCurry SM, Gibbons LE, Logsdon RG, Vitiello MV, Teri L. Nighttime insomnia treatment and education for Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(5):793–802.CrossRefPubMed

43.

McCurry SM, LaFazia DM, Pike KC, Logsdon RG, Teri L. Development and evaluation of a sleep education program for older adults with dementia living in adult family homes. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;20(6):494–504.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Ouslander JG, Connell BR, Bliwise DL, Endeshaw Y, Griffiths P, Schnelle JF. A nonpharmacological intervention to improve sleep in nursing home patients: results of a controlled clinical trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(1):38–47.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Naylor E, Penev PD, Orbeta L, Janssen I, Ortiz R, Colecchia EF, et al. Daily social and physical activity increases slow-wave sleep and daytime neuropsychological performance in the elderly. Sleep. 2000;23(1):87–95.PubMed

46.

Benloucif S, Orbeta L, Ortiz R, Janssen I, Finkel SI, Bleiberg J, et al. Morning or evening activity improves neuropsychological performance and subjective sleep quality in older adults. Sleep. 2004;27(8):1542–51.PubMed

47.

Richards KC, Lambert C, Beck CK, Bliwise DL, Evans WJ, Kalra GK, et al. Strength training, walking, and social activity improve sleep in nursing home and assisted living residents: randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(2):214–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Richards KC, Beck C, O'Sullivan PS, Shue VM. Effect of individualized social activity on sleep in nursing home residents with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(9):1510–7.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Eggermont LH, Blankevoort CG, Scherder EJ. Walking and night-time restlessness in mild-to-moderate dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2010;39(6):746–9.CrossRefPubMed

50.

McCurry SM, Pike KC, Vitiello MV, Logsdon RG, Larson EB, Teri L. Increasing walking and bright light exposure to improve sleep in community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer’s disease: results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(8):1393–402.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Nascimento CM, Ayan C, Cancela JM, Gobbi LT, Gobbi S, Stella F. Effect of a multimodal exercise program on sleep disturbances and instrumental activities of daily living performance on Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14(2):259–66.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Tewary S CN, Pandya N, McCurry SM. Pilot test of a six-week group delivery caregiver training program to reduce sleep disturbances among older adults with dementia-Innovative Practice. Dementia (London). 2016

53.

Morgenthaler TI, Lee-Chiong T, Alessi C, Friedman L, Aurora RN, Boehlecke B, et al. Practice parameters for the clinical evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Sleep. 2007;30(11):1445–59.PubMedPubMedCentral

54.•

Forbes D, Blake CM, Thiessen EJ, Peacock S, Hawranik P. Light therapy for improving cognition, activities of daily living, sleep, challenging behaviour, and psychiatric disturbances in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2, CD003946. This recent Cochrane meta-analysis reviews the effect of bright light therapy, not only on sleep but other symptoms of dementia.PubMed

55.

Ancoli-Israel S, Gehrman P, Martin JL, Shochat T, Marler M, Corey-Bloom J, et al. Increased light exposure consolidates sleep and strengthens circadian rhythms in severe Alzheimer’s disease patients. Behav Sleep Med. 2003;1(1):22–36.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Dowling GA, Mastick J, Hubbard EM, Luxenberg JS, Burr RL. Effect of timed bright light treatment for rest-activity disruption in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;20(8):738–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

57.

Burns A, Allen H, Tomenson B, Duignan D, Byrne J. Bright light therapy for agitation in dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Int Psychogeriatr. 2009;21(4):711–21.CrossRefPubMed

58.

Dowling GA, Burr RL, Van Someren EJ, Hubbard EM, Luxenberg JS, Mastick J, et al. Melatonin and bright-light treatment for rest-activity disruption in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(2):239–46.CrossRefPubMed

59.

Lyketsos CG, Lindell Veiel L, Baker A, Steele C. A randomized, controlled trial of bright light therapy for agitated behaviors in dementia patients residing in long-term care. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999;14(7):520–5.CrossRef

60.

Mishima K, Hishikawa Y, Okawa M. Randomized, dim light controlled, crossover test of morning bright light therapy for rest-activity rhythm disorders in patients with vascular dementia and dementia of Alzheimer’s type. Chronobiol Int. 1998;15(6):647–54.CrossRefPubMed

61.

Riemersma-van der Lek RF, Swaab DF, Twisk J, Hol EM, Hoogendijk WJ, Van Someren EJ. Effect of bright light and melatonin on cognitive and noncognitive function in elderly residents of group care facilities: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299(22):2642–55.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Fontana Gasio P, Krauchi K, Cajochen C, Someren E, Amrhein I, Pache M, et al. Dawn-dusk simulation light therapy of disturbed circadian rest-activity cycles in demented elderly. Exp Gerontol. 2003;38(1–2):207–16.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Nowak L. The effect of timed blue-green light on sleep-wake patterns in women with Alzheimer’s disease. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2008:69(6-B):1–154.

64.

Sloane PD, Figueiro M, Garg S, Cohen LW, Reed D, Williams CS, et al. Effect of home-based light treatment on persons with dementia and their caregivers. Light Res Technol. 2015;47(2):161–76.CrossRefPubMed

65.

Figueiro MG, Plitnick BA, Lok A, Jones GE, Higgins P, Hornick TR, et al. Tailored lighting intervention improves measures of sleep, depression, and agitation in persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia living in long-term care facilities. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:1527–37.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.•

van Maanen A, Meijer AM, van der Heijden KB, Oort FJ. The effects of light therapy on sleep problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2015;29:52–62. This meta-analysis examines the effect of bright light therapy specifically on sleep.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Fetveit A, Skjerve A, Bjorvatn B. Bright light treatment improves sleep in institutionalised elderly—an open trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003;18(6):520–6.CrossRef

68.

Colenda CC, Cohen W, McCall WV, Rosenquist PB. Phototherapy for patients with Alzheimer disease with disturbed sleep patterns: results of a community-based pilot study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1997;11(3):175–8.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Kobayashi R, Fukuda N, Kohsaka M, Sasamoto Y, Sakakibara S, Koyama E, et al. Effects of bright light at lunchtime on sleep of patients in a geriatric hospital I. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;55(3):287–9.CrossRefPubMed

70.

Satlin A, Volicer L, Ross V, Herz L, Campbell S. Bright light treatment of behavioral and sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149(8):1028–32.CrossRefPubMed

71.

Skjerve A, Holsten F, Aarsland D, Bjorvatn B, Nygaard HA, Johansen IM. Improvement in behavioral symptoms and advance of activity acrophase after short-term bright light treatment in severe dementia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004;58(4):343–7.CrossRefPubMed

72.

Kwok T, Leung PC, Wing YK, Ip I, Wong B, Ho DW, et al. The effectiveness of acupuncture on the sleep quality of elderly with dementia: a within-subjects trial. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:923–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

73.

Simoncini M, Gatti A, Quirico PE, Balla S, Capellero B, Obialero R, et al. Acupressure in insomnia and other sleep disorders in elderly institutionalized patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015;27(1):37–42.CrossRefPubMed

74.

Harris M, Richards KC, Grando VT. The effects of slow-stroke back massage on minutes of nighttime sleep in persons with dementia and sleep disturbances in the nursing home: a pilot study. J Holist Nurs. 2012;30(4):255–63.CrossRefPubMed

75.

Wang W, Sawada M, Noriyama Y, Arita K, Ota T, Sadamatsu M, et al. Tai chi exercise versus rehabilitation for the elderly with cerebral vascular disorder: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Psychogeriatrics. 2010;10(3):160–6.CrossRefPubMed

76.

Tanaka M, Ishii A, Yamano E, Ogikubo H, Okazaki M, Kamimura K, et al. Effect of a human-type communication robot on cognitive function in elderly women living alone. Med Sci Monit. 2012;18(9):CR550–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

77.

Skene DJ, Vivien-Roels B, Sparks DL, Hunsaker JC, Pevet P, Ravid D, et al. Daily variation in the concentration of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol in the human pineal gland: effect of age and Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res. 1990;528(1):170–4.CrossRefPubMed

78.

Uchida K, Okamoto N, Ohara K, Morita Y. Daily rhythm of serum melatonin in patients with dementia of the degenerate type. Brain Res. 1996;717(1–2):154–9.CrossRefPubMed

79.

Cardinali DP, Vigo DE, Olivar N, Vidal MF, Furio AM, Brusco LI. Therapeutic application of melatonin in mild cognitive impairment. Am J Neurodegenerative Dis. 2012;1(3):280–91.

80.

Serfaty M, Kennell-Webb S, Warner J, Blizard R, Raven P. Double blind randomised placebo controlled trial of low dose melatonin for sleep disorders in dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17(12):1120–7.CrossRefPubMed

81.

Singer C, Tractenberg RE, Kaye J, Schafer K, Gamst A, Grundman M, et al. A multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of melatonin for sleep disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease. Sleep. 2003;26(7):893–901.PubMedPubMedCentral

82.•

McCleery J, Cohen DA, Sharpley AL. Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in Alzheimer’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;3, CD009178. This comprehensive Cochrane meta-analysis reviews pharmacological therapies, including melatonin, for sleep disturbances.PubMed

83.

Xu J, Wang LL, Dammer EB, Li CB, Xu G, Chen SD, et al. Melatonin for sleep disorders and cognition in dementia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Alzheimer's Dis Other Demen. 2015;30(5):439–47.CrossRef

84.

Asayama K, Yamadera H, Ito T, Suzuki H, Kudo Y, Endo S. Double blind study of melatonin effects on the sleep-wake rhythm, cognitive and non-cognitive functions in Alzheimer type dementia. J Nippon Med Sch. 2003;70(4):334–41.CrossRefPubMed

85.

Gehrman PR, Connor DJ, Martin JL, Shochat T, Corey-Bloom J, Ancoli-Israel S. Melatonin fails to improve sleep or agitation in double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of institutionalized patients with Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;17(2):166–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

86.

Gao QWLYG, Xiang W, Peng KR. Effect of melatonin on mild Alzheimer’s disease in elderly male patients. Parct Geriatr. 2009;23(1):56–8.

87.

Wade AG, Farmer M, Harari G, Fund N, Laudon M, Nir T, et al. Add-on prolonged-release melatonin for cognitive function and sleep in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:947–61.PubMedPubMedCentral

88.

Clinical Trial Synopsis 01-05-TL-375-061, NCT# 00325728: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of 8 week treatment of Rozerem 8 mg (QHS) in sleep disturbed, mild to moderately severe Alzheimer’s disease subjects. http://www.takeda.com/research/ct/pdf/report/15_Ramelteon_01-05-TL-375-061_ClinicalTrialSynopsis_NCT00325728_en.pdf. Accessed 18 June 2016.

89.

Kasanuki K, Iseki E, Nishida Y, Fujishiro H, Chiba Y, Sato K, et al. Effectiveness of ramelteon for treatment of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies: a report of 4 cases. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33(4):581–3.CrossRefPubMed

90.•

Camargos EF, Louzada LL, Quintas JL, Naves JO, Louzada FM, Nobrega OT. Trazodone improves sleep parameters in Alzheimer disease patients: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014;22(12):1565–74. To date, this study is the only randomized, controlled study of a non-melatonin medication showing a benefit on sleep in dementia.CrossRefPubMed

91.

Scoralick FM, Louzada LL, Quintas JL, Naves JO, Camargos EF, Nobrega OT. Mirtazapine does not improve sleep disorders in Alzheimer’s disease: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Psychogeriatrics. 2016.

92.

Romeo R, Knapp M, Hellier J, Dewey M, Ballard C, Baldwin R, et al. Cost-effectiveness analyses for mirtazapine and sertraline in dementia: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2013;202:121–8.CrossRefPubMed

93.

Vermeeren A, Coenen AM. Effects of the use of hypnotics on cognition. Prog Brain Res. 2011;190:89–103.CrossRefPubMed

94.

Billioti de Gage S, Moride Y, Ducruet T, Kurth T, Verdoux H, Tournier M, et al. Benzodiazepine use and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: case-control study. BMJ. 2014;349:g5205.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

95.

Defrancesco M, Marksteiner J, Fleischhacker WW, Blasko I. Use of benzodiazepines in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review of literature. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;18(10):pyv055.

96.

Rosenberg PB. Benzodiazepine exposure increases risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Evid Based Med. 2015;20(2):75.CrossRefPubMed

97.

Zhang Y, Zhou XH, Meranus DH, Wang L, Kukull WA. Benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline in elderly with normal cognition. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2016;30(2):113–7.CrossRefPubMed

98.

Closser MH. Benzodiazepines and the elderly. A review of potential problems. J Subst Abus Treat. 1991;8(1–2):35–41.CrossRef

99.

Larsson V, Aarsland D, Ballard C, Minthon L, Londos E. The effect of memantine on sleep behaviour in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;25(10):1030–8.CrossRefPubMed

100.

Yin Y, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Pan X, Li P, Yang Y, et al. Low-dose atypical antipsychotic risperidone improves the 5-year outcome in Alzheimer’s disease patients with sleep disturbances. Pharmacology. 2015;96(3–4):155–62.CrossRefPubMed

101.

Lou JS, Dimitrova DM, Park BS, Johnson SC, Eaton R, Arnold G, et al. Using modafinil to treat fatigue in Parkinson disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009;32(6):305–10.CrossRefPubMed

102.

Ondo WG, Fayle R, Atassi F, Jankovic J. Modafinil for daytime somnolence in Parkinson’s disease: double blind, placebo controlled parallel trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(12):1636–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Dementia
verfasst von: Sharon Ooms, MSc
Yo-El Ju, MD MSCI
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2016
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Treatment Options in Neurology / Ausgabe 9/2016
Print ISSN: 1092-8480
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-3138
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-016-0424-3

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

25.04.2024 AAN-Jahrestagung 2024 Nachrichten

Ist die Tau-Last noch gering, scheint der Vorteil von Lecanemab besonders groß zu sein. Und beginnen Erkrankte verzögert mit der Behandlung, erreichen sie nicht mehr die kognitive Leistung wie bei einem früheren Start. Darauf deuten neue Analysen der Phase-3-Studie Clarity AD.

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

25.04.2024 Parkinson-Krankheit Nachrichten

Neue arznei- und zellbasierte Ansätze, Frühdiagnose mit Bewegungssensoren, Rückenmarkstimulation gegen Gehblockaden – in der Parkinsonforschung tut sich einiges. Auf dem Deutschen Parkinsonkongress ging es auch viel um technische Innovationen.

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen